真题英语一教程文件.docx

真题英语一教程文件.docx

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真题英语一教程文件

真题2019英语一

2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET（10points）

TodayweliveinaworldwhereGPSsystems,digitalmaps,andothernavigationappsare

availableonoursmartphones.Iofusjustwalkstraightintothewoodswithoutaphone.But

phones2onbatteries,andbatteriescandiefasterthanwerealize,3yougetlostwithout

aphoneoracompass,andyou4cantfindnorth,afewtrickstohelpyounavigate_5to

civilization,oneofwhichistofollowtheland.

Whenyoufindyourselfwell6atrail,butnotinacompletely7area,youhaveto

answertwoquestions:

Which8isdownhill,inthisparticulararea?

Andwhereisthenearest

watersource?

Humansoverwhelminglyliveinvalleys,andonsuppliesoffreshwater._9,if

youheaddownhill,andfollowanyH20youfind,youshould10seesignsofpeople

Ifyou’veexploredtheareabefore,keepaneyeoutforfamiliarsights-youmaybe11

howquicklyidentifyingadistinctiverockortreecanrestoreyourbearings.

Another12Climbhighandlookforsignsofhumanhabitation.13evenindense

fores,youshouldbeableto14gapsinthetreelineduetoroads,traintracks,andother

pathspeoplecarve15thewoods.Headtowardthese16tofindawayout.Atmight

canthehorizonfor17lightsourcessuchasfiresandstreetlights,thenwalktowardtheglow

oflightpollution.

18,assumingyou'relostinanareahumanstendtofrequent,lookforthe19we

leaveonthelandscape.Trailblazestiretracks.andotherfeaturescan20youtocivilization.

1.[A]Some[B]Most[C]Few[D]All

2.[A]put[B]take[C]run[D]come

3.[A]Since[B]If[C]Though[D]until

4.[A]Formally[B]relatively[C]gradually[D]literally

5.[A]back[B]next[C]around[D]away

6.[A]onto[B]off[C]across[D]alone

7.[A]unattractive[B]uncrowded[C]unchanged[D]unfamiliar

8.[A]site[B]point[C]way[D]place

9.[A]So[B]Yet[C]Instead[D]Besides

lO.[A]immediately[B]intentionally[C]unexpectedly[D]eventually

11.[A]surprised[B]annoyed[C]frightened[D]confused

12.[A]problem[B]option[C]view[D]result

13.[A]Aboveall[B]Incontrast[C]Onaverage[D]Forexample

14.[A]bridge[B]avoid[C]spot[D]separate

15.[A]form[B]through[C]beyond[D]Under

16.[A]posts[B]links[C]shades[D]breaks

17.[A]artificial[B]mysterious[C]hidden[D]limited

18.[A]Finally[B]Consequently[C]Incidentally[D]Generally

19.[A]memories[B]marks[C]notes[D]belongings

20.[A]restrict[B]adopt[C]lead[D]expose

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts,AnswerthequestionseachtextbychoosingAB.CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET（40points）

Text1

FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.

Startingnextyear.anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed1oyearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis"clawback"ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisktakingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution,Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies.

saystheBankofEngland'stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassical

economics,AlfredMarshallindescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike"Childrenwho

picktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain.henoteshas

droppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemand

highquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirmseffortstoinvestinlone-termresearch

ortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed"quarterlycapitalism”.

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequitiesquickeruse

ofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."Thereseemstobea

predominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissioner

DanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodefer

performancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce"short-termism."InitslatestsurveyofCEOpayTheWallstreetJournalfindsthat"asubstantialpart"ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage"long-termism,suchaschangesinthetaxcode

andquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompany

investmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimescanmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivesto

thinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders,Britain’snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformancenotjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe

A.enhancebankers'senseofresponsibility

Bhelpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governmentsimpatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D."short-termism"ineconomicactivities

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe

A.inditedB.adverseC.minimalDtemporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrate

A.theobstaclestopreventing"short-termism.

B.thesignificanceorlongtermthinking.

C.theapproachestopromotinglong-termism.

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

Text2

Gradeinflation-thegradualincreaseinaverageGPAs（grade-pointaverages）overthepast

fewdecades-isoftenconsideredaproductofaconsumererainhighereducation,inwhich

studentsaretreatedlikecustomerstobepleased.Butanother,relatedforce-apolicyoftenburieddeepincoursecatalogscalledgradeforgiveness"-ishelpingraiseGPAs.

Gradeforgivenessallowsstudentstoretakeacourseinwhichtheyreceivedalowgrade,and

themostrecentgradeorthehighestgradeistheonlyonethatcountsincalculatingastudent's

overallGPA.

Theuseofthislittle-knownpracticehasacceleratedinrecentyears,ascollegescontinueto

dotheirutmosttokeepstudentsinschool（andpayingtuition）andimprovetheirgradationrates.

Whenthispracticefirstarteddecadesago,itwasusuallylimitedtofreshmen,togivethema

secondchancetotakeaclassintheirfirstyeariftheystruggledintheirtransitiontocollege-level

courses.Butnowmostcolleges,saveformanyselectivecampuses,allowallundergraduates,and

evengraduatestudents,togettheirlowgradesforgiven.

Collegeofficialstendtoemphasizethatthegoalofgradeforgivenessislessaboutthegrade

itselfandmoreaboutencouragingstudentstoretakecoursescriticaltotheirdegreeprogramand

gradationwithoutincurringabigpenalty."Untimely."saidJackMine,OhioStateUniversity's

registrar."weseestudentsachievemoresuccessbecausetheyretakeacourseanddobetterin

subsequentcontentsormasterthecontentthatallowsthemtograduateontime.

Thatsaid,thereisawayinwhichgradeforgivenesssatisfiescollegesownneedsaswell.For

publicinstitutionsstatefindsaresometimestiedpartlytotheirsuccessonmetricssuchas

graduationratesandstudentretentionsobettergradescan,byboostingfigureslikethose,mean

moremoney.AndanythingthatraisesGPAswilllikelymakestudentswho,attheendoftheday

arepayingthebill-feelthey’vegottenabettervaluefortheirtuitiondollars,whichisanotherbig

concernforcolleges.

Indeedgradeforgivenessisjustanotherwaythatuniversitiesarerespondingtoconsumers'

expectationsforhighereducation.Sincestudentsandparentsexpectacollegedegreetoleadtoajob,itisinthebestinterestofaschooltotumoutgradateswhoareasqualifiedaspossible-or

atleastappeartobe.Onthis,students'andcolleges’incentivesseemtobealigned.

26.Whatiscommonlyregardedasthecauseofgradeinflation?

A.Thechangeofcoursecatalogs.

B.StudentsindifferencetoGPAS.

CCollegesneglectofGPAS.

D.Theinfluenceofconsumerculture.

27.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofgradeforgiveness

A.Tohelpfreshmenadapttocollegelearning.

B.Tomaintaincollegesgraduationrates.

C.Topreparegraduatesforachallengingfuture.

D.Toincreaseuniversities’incomefromtuition.

28.AccordingtoParagraph5.gradeforgivenessenablescolleges

A.obtainmorefinancialsupport.

B.boosttheirstudentenrollments.

C.improvetheirteachingquality.

D.meetlocalgovernments’needs.

29.Whatdoesthephrase“tobealigned”（Line5.Para.6）mostprobablymean?

A.Tocounterbalanceeachother

B.Tocomplementeachother.

C.Tobeidenticalwitheachother

D.Tobecontradictorytoeachother.

30.Theauthorexaminesthepracticeofgradeforgivenessby

Aassess