全国现代语言学自考试题.docx

全国现代语言学自考试题.docx

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全国现代语言学自考试题

全国2008年1月现代语言学自考试题

课程代码：

00830

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,C,orDinthebracket.（2%×10=20%）

1.Thephoneticformoftheprefixmeaning“not”isphoneticallyvariant;itisbeforeavoweloranalveolarconsonant,beforealabialconsonant,andbeforea_____,forexample,inoperable,indiscrete,impossible,andinconceivable.（）

A.velarB.palatal

C.fricativeD.stop

2.Tonesarepitchvariationsthatrefertomorphologicallydefinedsegmentstotheextentthatdifferent_______inalanguagearedistinctive.Pitchvariationscandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.（）

A.soundsB.patterns

C.pitchesD.features

3.Someofthe______rulesareproductive;theycanbeusedfreelytoformnewwords.（）

A.syntacticB.morphological

C.semanticD.phonological

4.VP,APandPPsharesimilarsyntacticpropertieswithNPinthattheyallowfor_______andcomplementsinphrases.（）

A.headsB.specifiers

C.lexicalitemsD.obligatorywords

5.Bloomfielddrewon_______psychologywhentryingtodefinethemeaningoflinguisticforms.（）

A.contextualB.conceptualist

C.behavioristD.mentalist

6.Pragmaticsdiffersfromtraditionalsemanticsinthatitstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butin_______.（）

A.senseB.concept

C.sentenceD.context

7.Thelanguagesoftheworldbelongtofamiliesandbearoffspring.Whenweexaminethelanguagesoftheworld,weperceivesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthemthatprovidefurtherevidenceforthe“______”relatednessweknowexists.

（）

A.geographicalB.genetic

C.typologicalD.functional

8.InEnglish,powderroomisaeuphemismfortoilet,whichitselfstartedasa_______forlavatory,whichisnowmoreacceptablethanitsreplacement.（）

A.variantB.variation

C.variableD.euphemism

9.WhatcanbedrawnsafelyfromthecaseofGenieisthat_______.（）

A.itconfirmsthecriticalperiodhypothesis

B.human’slanguageacquisitiondeviceisindependentofotherintellectualabilities

C.languagecannotbeacquiredatallafterthecriticalperiod

D.thelanguagefacultyofanaveragehumandegeneratesafterthecriticalperiodand,asaresult,mostlinguisticskillscannotdevelop

10.Althoughchildrenarestillacquiringaspectsoftheirnativelanguagethroughthelateryearsofchildhood,itisnormallyassumedthattheyhavecompletedthegreaterpartofthelanguageacquisitionprocessbytheageof______.（）

A.threeandhalfB.four

C.fiveD.six

Ⅱ.Directions:

Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%×10=10%）

11.Thecoreareaoflinguisticsincludesphonetics,phonology,morphology,syntaxands.

12.Phoneticsprovidesthemeanstodescribethesounds,showinghowtheydiffer;phonologytellsusthattheyfunctionasp,actingtocontrastwords.

13.Bothi____________morphologyandderivationalmorphologyarethetwosub-branchesofmorphology.

14.Whenasentenceisutteredorwrittendown,thewordsofthesentenceareproducedoneafteranotherinasequence.Thissequentialorderofwordsinasentenceshowsthatthestructureofasentenceisl_____________.

15.C_________synonymsaresynonymsthatdifferinthewordstheygotogetherwith.Itisamatterofusage.

16.AccordingtoSearle’sclassificationofillocutionaryacts,“IswearIhaveneverseenthemanbefore”isamongthemosttypicalexamplesofther______.

17.Sounda________referstosoundchangeorprocessbywhichfeaturesofoneelementchangetomatchthoseofanotherthatprecedesorfollows.

18.German-speakingSwitzerlandisdescribedasad___________community,wherethedistinctvarietiesareStandardGermanandSwissGerman.

19.Thelefthemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementsof,andrespondstosignalsfrom,ther___________sideofthebody.

20.Learningisdefinedasaconsciousprocessofaccumulatingknowledgeofasecondlanguageusuallyobtainedinschoolsettingswhilea__________referstothegradualandsubconsciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.

III.Directions:

Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.

21.（）Peoplecanutterasentencehehasneverheardorusedbefore.Inthissense,humanlanguageiscreative.

22.（）InEnglishbothaspiratedandunaspiratedvoicelessstopsoccur.Thevoicelessaspiratedstopsandthevoicelessunaspiratedstopsoccurinthesamephonemiccontextorenvironment.

23.（）ParametersaresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciplestooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificantlinguisticvariationsbetweenandamonglanguages.

24.（）Syntacticmovementoccurstoallsentences,therefore,thedeepstructureandsurfacestructureofeverysentencelookdifferentatitstwolevelsofrepresentation.

25.（）TheAnglo-SaxonsweremigrantsfromthenorthernpartsofEurope,sothewordsthattheyoriginallyusedandthewordsthattheEnglishvocabularyhaslatertakeninfromotherlanguagesareregardedasloanwords.

26.（）PaulGricemadeadistinctionbetweenwhathecalled“constatives”and“performatives”.

27.（）MostofthelanguagesofEurope,Persia（Iran）,andthenorthernpartofIndiabelongtothesameIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.Thelanguage,whichnolongerexists,iscalledProto-Indo-European,atermreflectingtheearlierlinguisticdistributionofthespeakersofthislanguagefamilyfromIndiatoEurope.

28.（）InBlackEnglish,whentheverbisnegated,theindefinitepronounssomething,somebody,andsomebecomethenegativeindefinitesnothing,nobody,andnone,asin:

Hedon’tknownothing.

Hedon’tlikenobody.

Heain’tgotnone.

29.（）Thecerebralcortexisthedecision-makingorganofthebody,receivingmessagesfromallthesensoryorgansandinitiatingallvoluntaryactions.

30.（）Duringthetwo-wordstageoflanguageacquisition,two-wordexpressionsareabsentofsyntacticormorphologicalmarkers.

IV.Dirctions:

Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.

31.appliedlinguistics

32.diacritics

33.phrasestructurerule

34.predicate

35.presupposition

36.cognates

37.creole

38.Wernicke’sarea

39.overtthought

40.instrumentalmotivation

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（10%×2=20%）

41.Towhatextentcanwesaythatlanguageisculturallytransmitted?

Explainwithexamples.Doesanimalcommunicationhavethesamefeatureofculturaltransmission?

42.AccordingtoJohnAustin’snewmodel,pleaseillustratethethreespeechactsaspeakermightbeperformingsimultaneouslywhenspeaking.