优质PETS4真题.docx

优质PETS4真题.docx

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优质PETS4真题

SectionIIIReadingComprehension（60minutes）阅读理解A

21、根据以下内容，回答21-40题。

      Text1

        Inflationhasjustexploded. Therealproblemisthatwehaveanunderlyingrateofinflation--animpetusofwageschasingprices--ofmaybe9percentthatisheadingtowards10percent. Therealsohavebeentremendousshocksinenergy,foodandhousingprices,makingitworse. 

Bytheendoftheyear,wewillbeinasituationwhereyearin,yearout,wecanlookforwardtoatleast10percentinflation. Andthequestionwillbe:

Howmuchworsewilloil,foodandhousingpricesmakethat?

        Thesituationhasdegeneratedtothepointthattheonlywaytoturnitaroundistothinkofsomeveryextremechangesinpolicy. Apolicyofgradualism,whereyou'retalkingaboutamildrecessionandanother1to2millionpeopleunemployed,won'tmakemuchdifference. Postponingactionjustmeansthatinflationpressesfurtherandisevenmoredifficulttodealwith. 

        Youhavetostartwithrevenueandmonetaryrestraint. Alltheburdennowisonmonetarypolicy. Weshouldshifttoamuchmorerestrictiverevenuepolicyandaneasiermonetarypolicy. Tobesignificant,the1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billionPresidentCarterproposed. That'samajorcutingovernmentprograms--andveryhardtodo. It'simpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving. 

        Soitmeanscutsacrosstheboardineveryarea--includingtheindexedprograms,suchasSocialSecurityandfoodstamps. Stateandlocal-governmentrevenue-sharingprogramsareanothermajorcandidate. You'vealsogottoreopenthe1980budgetandcutthat. 

       ThenIwouldfavorwageandpricecontrolstobreaktheimpetusofthewage-priceinteraction. 

        Inordertogetquickresults,I'dsetthestandardaround5or6percentforbothwagesandprices. 

Basically,you'reaimingtocuttherateofinflationinhalfthefirstyear. Therewouldbenoexceptions,butyouwouldfocusonlargecorporationsandmajorlaborsettlements. 

        Forthe specialsectors wherethebigshockshaveoccurred,controlswon'twork. Instead,youneedadditionalpoliciesineachoneofthoseareas. 

        Therearenocheaporeasysolutionstotheinflationproblem. Myansweristotakeallthethingsthateverybodywantstodo,andinsteadofchoosingamongthem,doallofthem. We'vegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogram. 

Intheauthor'sopinion,thehighinflationrateintheU.S.wasaccompaniedby

A． energycrises.

B． mountingwages.

C． housingshortage.

D． shrinkingmarket. 

22、Theonlywaytoreversetheworseningsituationseemstobe

A． apolicyofgradualism.

B． sacrificeofpublicinterests.

C． radicalchangesofpolicy.

D． postponingofdrasticactions. 

23、Wecanlearnfromthefourthparagraphthat

A．asubstantialcutinannualrevenueiscalledfor.

B． defenseandsocialwelfareprogramsshouldundergocuts.

C．weshouldleaveintactprogramsforbetteringpeople'sliving.

D． weshouldexerciselesscontrolovermonetarypolicy. 

24、Thephrase"specialsectors"（Line1,Paragraph7）mostprobablyrefersto

A． energy,foodandhousing.

B． indexedprograms.

C． socialsecurityandfoodstamps.

D． largecorporationsandlaborsettlements. 

25、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A． ThedefectofU. S. monetarysystem.

B． Thecausesofever-worseninginflationintheU. S.

C． ProspectsfortheU.S. economicsituation.

D． AcomprehensivesettlementofinflationintheU. S.

26、Text2

根据内容，回答26-45问题。

        ForcenturiesthemostvaluableofAfricanresourcesforEuropeansweretheslaves,butthesecouldbeobtainedatcoastalports,withoutanyneedforgoingdeepinland. SlaveryhadbeenanestablishedinstitutioninAfrica. Prisonersofwarhadbeenenslaved,aswerealsodebtorsandindividualsguiltyofseriouscrimes. Buttheseslavesusuallyweretreatedaspartofthefamily. Theyhadclearlydefinedrights,andtheirslavestatuswasnotnecessarilyinherited. ThereforeitiscommonlyarguedthatAfrica'straditionalslaverywasmildcomparedtotheVans-AtlanticslavetradeorganizedbytheEuropeans. Thisargument,however,canbecarriedtoofar. Inthemostre-centstudyofthissubject,somescholarswarnedagainsttheillusionthat"cruelanddehumanizingenslavementwasamonopolyoftheWest. Slaveryinitsextremeforms,includingthetakingoflife,wascommontobothAfricaandtheWest. ThefactthatAfricanslaveryhaddifferentoriginsandconsequencesshouldnotleadustodenywhatitwas——theexploitationandcontrolofhumanbeings. "NeithercanitbedeniedthatthewholesaleshipmentofAfricanstotheslaveplantationsoftheAmericaswasmadepossiblebytheparticipationofAfricanchiefswhoroundeduptheirfellowAfricansandsoldthemasahandsomeprofittoEuropeanshipcaptainswaitingalongthecoasts. 

        Grantingallthis,thefactremainsthatthetrans-AtlanticslavetradeconductedbytheEuropeanswasentirelydifferentinquantityandqualityfromthetraditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica. FromthebeginningtheEuropeanvarietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionratherthansocial,asithadbeeninAfrica. Westernslavetradersandslaveownerswereactedonbypurelyeconomicconsiderations,andwerequitereadytoworktheirslavestodeathifitwasmoreprofitabletodosothantotreatthemmoremercifully. ThisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhentheEuropeansbecameinvolvedintheAfricanslavetradeonalargescale. PerhapsasasubconsciousrationalizationtheygraduallycametolookdownonNegroesasinherentlyinferior,andthereforedestinedtoservetheirwhitemasters. RationalizationalsomayhavebeeninvolvedintheEuropeans'useofreligiontojustifythetrafficinhumanbeings. Itwasargued,forinstance,thatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothetruefaithaswellastocivilization. 

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorarguesthat

A． theEuropeanswereinnocentinthetradeofAfricanslaves.

B． slaveryinAfricaandintheWestwasthesameinnature.

C． theviewinthemostrecentstudiesofenslavementisbaseless.

D． slaveshadbeentreatedevenmorecruellyintheAfricantradition. 

27、WhichofthefollowingwastrueofthelocalAfricanslavery?

A． Slavesmighthavetheirownfamilies.

B． Thesonofaslavemightnotbeaslave.

C． Slaverywasconfinedtothecoastalregions.

D． TherewasnokillinginAfricanslavery. 

28、 Thesentence"Thisargument.．.canbecarriedtoofar"impliesthat

A．African'straditionalslaverywasinhumane.

B． theslaveryinAfricawasconfinedtosomeregions.

C． supportersofthisargumentknewlittleofAfrica.

D． slaveshipmentwasnotsoseriousaswasimagined. 

29、Supportersoftherationalizationofslaverybelievethatthetrade

A． wasoutofgoodintentsfromthebeginning.

B． helpedthedevelopmentoflocalreligion.

C． wasahelpforcivilizingtheAfricans.

D． drovetheevilsoutoftheAfricanreligions. 

30、Therelationbetweenthetwoparagraphsisthatinthe2ndparagraphtheauthor

A． challengestheviewpointinthe1stparagraph.

B． modifieshisviewexpressedinthe1stparagraph.

C． providesthereasonfortheargumentinthe1stparagraph.

D． furtheranalyzestheissuediscussedinthe1stparagraph.

Text3

        根据内容，回答31-50问题。

        AsWestNileviruscreepstowardCalifornia,anunlikelywarriorcouldprovidethefirstlineofdefense:

thechicken. Thefamiliarfowlmakeirresistibletargetsformosquitoes.Unlikecrows,chickensdon'tgetsickfromWestNile. Buttheydoproducetelltaleantibodiestothevirus. Sointestcoopsscatteredacrossthestate,morethan2000"sentinelchickens"submittofrequentbloodtests.Whenantibodiesdoturnup,Californiahealthofficialswillknowthattheinevitablehasoccurred:

theWestNileepidemicwillhavesweptthecountry. 

Lastweekalone,morethan100newhumancasesofWestNilewerereported. TheviruswasdetectedasfarwestasColoradoandWyoming,infecting371andkilling16peoplein20statesplustheDistrictofColumbia.ThisyearWestNileappearedearlierinthemosquitoseason——mid-JuneinsteadofAugust--andclaimedyoungervictims;theaverageagedroppedfrom65to54. Federalhealthofficialsarestilltryingtofigureoutwhy,butsaytheymaybefindingmoreWestNilepreciselybecausethey'reonthelookoutforit. AsDr. JulieGerberding,thenewdirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseControl（CDC）,recentlytoldreporters,"We'renotincrisismode. "

        WhenWestNilehitNewYorkCityin1999,theCDCrealizeditwasavictimofitsownsuccess. Becausehealthofficialshadconqueredmostmosquito-bornediseasesdecadesago,manystates

abolishedtheirmosquito-controlprograms. TheFedsrushedinwithfunds--some$50millionsince1999,plus$31millionmorethisyearalone--totraininsectresearchers,setupstatetestinglabsandkillofftheannoyinginsects. TheCDCestablishedanewcomputermonitoringsystemandheldstrategysessionswithstateofficials. 

        Someepidemiologistsquestionthefocus--andthemillions--lavishedonavirusthat'skilledfewerthan20. "There'sanepidemicingunviolencethat'stakingmorelivesthanWestNilevirus,"saysDr. WilliamSteinmann,directoroftheTulaneCenterforClinicalEffectivenessandPrevention.ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoingfarmoredamage. "We'rebasicallybuildingtheinfrastructuretodealwiththisoverthenext50years,"saysDr. LylePeterson,aCDCepidemiologist. "Thisisheretostay. "

        Sofar,therearenoremediesforWestNile. Officialseventuallyexpectthevirustosettleintoaqu