优质PETS4真题Word格式.docx

优质PETS4真题Word格式.docx

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Alltheburdennowisonmonetarypolicy. 

Weshouldshifttoamuchmorerestrictiverevenuepolicyandaneasiermonetarypolicy. 

Tobesignificant,the1981budgetshouldbecutbyatleast20billiondollarsfrom616billionPresidentCarterproposed. 

That'

samajorcutingovernmentprograms--andveryhardtodo. 

It'

simpossibleifyousavedefenseandalltheprogramsindexedforchangesinthecostofliving. 

Soitmeanscutsacrosstheboardineveryarea--includingtheindexedprograms,suchasSocialSecurityandfoodstamps. 

Stateandlocal-governmentrevenue-sharingprogramsareanothermajorcandidate. 

You'

vealsogottoreopenthe1980budgetandcutthat. 

ThenIwouldfavorwageandpricecontrolstobreaktheimpetusofthewage-priceinteraction. 

Inordertogetquickresults,I'

dsetthestandardaround5or6percentforbothwagesandprices. 

Basically,you'

reaimingtocuttherateofinflationinhalfthefirstyear. 

Therewouldbenoexceptions,butyouwouldfocusonlargecorporationsandmajorlaborsettlements. 

Forthe 

specialsectors 

wherethebigshockshaveoccurred,controlswon'

twork. 

Instead,youneedadditionalpoliciesineachoneofthoseareas. 

Therearenocheaporeasysolutionstotheinflationproblem. 

Myansweristotakeallthethingsthateverybodywantstodo,andinsteadofchoosingamongthem,doallofthem. 

We'

vegottothinkintermsofacomprehensiveprogram. 

Intheauthor'

sopinion,thehighinflationrateintheU.S.wasaccompaniedby

A． 

energycrises.

B． 

mountingwages.

C． 

housingshortage.

D． 

shrinkingmarket. 

22、Theonlywaytoreversetheworseningsituationseemstobe

apolicyofgradualism.

sacrificeofpublicinterests.

radicalchangesofpolicy.

postponingofdrasticactions. 

23、Wecanlearnfromthefourthparagraphthat

A．asubstantialcutinannualrevenueiscalledfor.

defenseandsocialwelfareprogramsshouldundergocuts.

C．weshouldleaveintactprogramsforbetteringpeople'

sliving.

weshouldexerciselesscontrolovermonetarypolicy. 

24、Thephrase"

specialsectors"

（Line1,Paragraph7）mostprobablyrefersto

energy,foodandhousing.

indexedprograms.

socialsecurityandfoodstamps.

largecorporationsandlaborsettlements. 

25、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

ThedefectofU. 

S. 

monetarysystem.

Thecausesofever-worseninginflationintheU. 

S.

ProspectsfortheU.S. 

economicsituation.

AcomprehensivesettlementofinflationintheU. 

26、Text2

根据内容，回答26-45问题。

ForcenturiesthemostvaluableofAfricanresourcesforEuropeansweretheslaves,butthesecouldbeobtainedatcoastalports,withoutanyneedforgoingdeepinland. 

SlaveryhadbeenanestablishedinstitutioninAfrica. 

Prisonersofwarhadbeenenslaved,aswerealsodebtorsandindividualsguiltyofseriouscrimes. 

Buttheseslavesusuallyweretreatedaspartofthefamily. 

Theyhadclearlydefinedrights,andtheirslavestatuswasnotnecessarilyinherited. 

ThereforeitiscommonlyarguedthatAfrica'

straditionalslaverywasmildcomparedtotheVans-AtlanticslavetradeorganizedbytheEuropeans. 

Thisargument,however,canbecarriedtoofar. 

Inthemostre-centstudyofthissubject,somescholarswarnedagainsttheillusionthat"

cruelanddehumanizingenslavementwasamonopolyoftheWest. 

Slaveryinitsextremeforms,includingthetakingoflife,wascommontobothAfricaandtheWest. 

ThefactthatAfricanslaveryhaddifferentoriginsandconsequencesshouldnotleadustodenywhatitwas——theexploitationandcontrolofhumanbeings. 

"

NeithercanitbedeniedthatthewholesaleshipmentofAfricanstotheslaveplantationsoftheAmericaswasmadepossiblebytheparticipationofAfricanchiefswhoroundeduptheirfellowAfricansandsoldthemasahandsomeprofittoEuropeanshipcaptainswaitingalongthecoasts. 

Grantingallthis,thefactremainsthatthetrans-AtlanticslavetradeconductedbytheEuropeanswasentirelydifferentinquantityandqualityfromthetraditionaltypeofslaverythathadexistedwithinAfrica. 

FromthebeginningtheEuropeanvarietywasprimarilyaneconomicinstitutionratherthansocial,asithadbeeninAfrica. 

Westernslavetradersandslaveownerswereactedonbypurelyeconomicconsiderations,andwerequitereadytoworktheirslavestodeathifitwasmoreprofitabletodosothantotreatthemmoremercifully. 

ThisinhumanitywasreinforcedbyracismwhentheEuropeansbecameinvolvedintheAfricanslavetradeonalargescale. 

PerhapsasasubconsciousrationalizationtheygraduallycametolookdownonNegroesasinherentlyinferior,andthereforedestinedtoservetheirwhitemasters. 

RationalizationalsomayhavebeeninvolvedintheEuropeans'

useofreligiontojustifythetrafficinhumanbeings. 

Itwasargued,forinstance,thatenslavementassuredtheconversionoftheAfricanevil-believingreligionstothetruefaithaswellastocivilization. 

Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorarguesthat

theEuropeanswereinnocentinthetradeofAfricanslaves.

slaveryinAfricaandintheWestwasthesameinnature.

theviewinthemostrecentstudiesofenslavementisbaseless.

slaveshadbeentreatedevenmorecruellyintheAfricantradition. 

27、WhichofthefollowingwastrueofthelocalAfricanslavery?

Slavesmighthavetheirownfamilies.

Thesonofaslavemightnotbeaslave.

Slaverywasconfinedtothecoastalregions.

TherewasnokillinginAfricanslavery. 

28、 

Thesentence"

Thisargument.．.canbecarriedtoofar"

impliesthat

A．African'

straditionalslaverywasinhumane.

theslaveryinAfricawasconfinedtosomeregions.

supportersofthisargumentknewlittleofAfrica.

slaveshipmentwasnotsoseriousaswasimagined. 

29、Supportersoftherationalizationofslaverybelievethatthetrade

wasoutofgoodintentsfromthebeginning.

helpedthedevelopmentoflocalreligion.

wasahelpforcivilizingtheAfricans.

drovetheevilsoutoftheAfricanreligions. 

30、Therelationbetweenthetwoparagraphsisthatinthe2ndparagraphtheauthor

challengestheviewpointinthe1stparagraph.

modifieshisviewexpressedinthe1stparagraph.

providesthereasonfortheargumentinthe1stparagraph.

furtheranalyzestheissuediscussedinthe1stparagraph.

Text3

根据内容，回答31-50问题。

AsWestNileviruscreepstowardCalifornia,anunlikelywarriorcouldprovidethefirstlineofdefense:

thechicken. 

Thefamiliarfowlmakeirresistibletargetsformosquitoes.Unlikecrows,chickensdon'

tgetsickfromWestNile. 

Buttheydoproducetelltaleantibodiestothevirus. 

Sointestcoopsscatteredacrossthestate,morethan2000"

sentinelchickens"

submittofrequentbloodtests.Whenantibodiesdoturnup,Californiahealthofficialswillknowthattheinevitablehasoccurred:

theWestNileepidemicwillhavesweptthecountry. 

Lastweekalone,morethan100newhumancasesofWestNilewerereported. 

TheviruswasdetectedasfarwestasColoradoandWyoming,infecting371andkilling16peoplein20statesplustheDistrictofColumbia.ThisyearWestNileappearedearlierinthemosquitoseason——mid-JuneinsteadofAugust--andclaimedyoungervictims;

theaverageagedroppedfrom65to54. 

Federalhealthofficialsarestilltryingtofigureoutwhy,butsaytheymaybefindingmoreWestNilepreciselybecausethey'

reonthelookoutforit. 

AsDr. 

JulieGerberding,thenewdirectoroftheCentersforDiseaseControl（CDC）,recentlytoldreporters,"

We'

renotincrisismode. 

WhenWestNilehitNewYorkCityin1999,theCDCrealizeditwasavictimofitsownsuccess. 

Becausehealthofficialshadconqueredmostmosquito-bornediseasesdecadesago,manystates

abolishedtheirmosquito-controlprograms. 

TheFedsrushedinwithfunds--some$50millionsince1999,plus$31millionmorethisyearalone--totraininsectresearchers,setupstatetestinglabsandkillofftheannoyinginsects. 

TheCDCestablishedanewcomputermonitoringsystemandheldstrategysessionswithstateofficials. 

Someepidemiologistsquestionthefocus--andthemillions--lavishedonavirusthat'

skilledfewerthan20. 

There'

sanepidemicingunviolencethat'

stakingmorelivesthanWestNilevirus,"

saysDr. 

WilliamSteinmann,directoroftheTulaneCenterforClinicalEffectivenessandPrevention.ButtheFedssaytheireffortshavekeptWestNilefromdoingfarmoredamage. 

rebasicallybuildingtheinfrastructuretodealwiththisoverthenext50years,"

saysDr. 

LylePeterson,aCDCepidemiologist. 

Thisisheretostay. 

Sofar,therearenoremediesforWestNile. 

Officialseventuallyexpectthevirustosettleintoaqu