催化重整工艺生产过程概述.docx
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催化重整工艺生产过程概述
催化重整工艺生产过程
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1.概论..........................................................................................5
1.1催化重整简介.....................................................................................5
1.2催化重整在石油加工中的地位.........................................................5
1.3催化重整发展史.................................................................................5
1.4催化重整工艺过程.............................................................................6
1.4.1生产高辛烷值汽油方案.....................................................................................7
1.4.2生产芳烃方案................................................................................8
2.催化重整化学反应机理.........................................................8
2.1芳构化反应.........................................................................................8
2.1.1六元环脱氢反应...................................................................................................8
2.1.2五员环烷烃异构化成六员环烷烃.................................................8
2.1.3烷烃的脱氢环化反应.....................................................................9
2.1.4.芳构化反应特点.............................................................................9
2.2异构化反应..........................................................................................9
2.3加氢裂化反应.....................................................................................10
2.4积炭反应.............................................................................................10
3.催化重整催化剂.....................................................................10
3.1催化重整催化剂类型及组成............................................................10
3.1.1活性组分.......................................................................................10
3.1.2助催化剂.......................................................................................11
3.1.3载体................................................................................................12
3.2.催化重整催化剂评价.........................................................................12
3.2.1化学组成........................................................................................12
3.2.2物理性质........................................................................................12
3.2.3使用性能........................................................................................12
3.3催化重整催化剂使用.........................................................................14
3.3.1开工技术........................................................................................14
3.3.2反应系统中水氯平衡的控制........................................................15
3.3.3催化剂的失活控制与再生............................................................16
4.催化重整原料选择及处理.....................................................19
4.1原料的选择.........................................................................................19
4.1.1馏分组成........................................................................................19
4.1.2族组成............................................................................................19
4.1.3杂质含量........................................................................................19
4.2重整原料的预处理.............................................................................20
4.2.1预分馏............................................................................................20
4.2.2预加氢............................................................................................20
4.2.3预脱砷............................................................................................20
4.2.4脱金属.............................................................................................21
4.2.5脱氯..............................................................................................21
5.催化重整的具体工艺工程...................................................22
5.1世界有两种工业化连续重整技术..................................................22
5.1.1美国环球油品公司(UOP).....................................................22
5.1.2法国石油研究院(IFP)...........................................................23
5.2原料及产品.....................................................................................24
5.2.1原料.............................................................................................24
5.2.2产品.............................................................................................24
5.3工艺流程..........................................................................................25
5.3.1生产高辛烷值汽油流程.............................................................25
5.3.2生产芳烃流程.............................................................................25
5.4原料预处理......................................................................................25
5.4.1预分馏.........................................................................................26
5.4.2预加氢.........................................................................................26
5.4.3预脱砷.........................................................................................26
5.5催化重整..........................................................................................26
5.5.1固定床半再生式工艺流程.........................................................26
5.5.2移动床连续再生式工艺流程.....................................................27
5.5.3催化重整反应器.........................................................................28
5.6芳烃抽提工艺流程..........................................................................28
5.7芳烃精馏工艺流程..........................................................................29
5.8麦格纳重整工艺流程......................................................................29
5.9重整反应的主要操作参数..............................................................29
5.9.1反应温度.....................................................................................29
5.9.2反应压力.....................................................................................30
5.9.3空速.............................................................................................30
5.9.4氢油比.........................................................................................30
5.10催化重整工艺特点........................................................................30
6.催化重整的重要部位及设备...............................................31
6.1重要部位...........................................................................................31
6.2重要设备...........................................................................................31
6.2.1反应器..........................................................................................31
6.2.2高压分离器..................................................................................31
6.2.3氢气压缩机..................................................................................31
6.2.4进料换热器..................................................................................32
6.2.5多流路四合一加热炉..................................................................32
6.2.6在生器..........................................................................................32
6.2.7重整反应器..................................................................................32
7.重整装置能耗分析...............................................................33
7.1半再生重整装置能耗分析.............................................................33
7.2连续重整装置能耗分析...................................................................35
7.3两种重整工艺能耗对比分析........................................................36
8.降低重整能耗的措施..........................................................37
8.1提高加热炉热效率.........................................................................37
8.1.1余热回收....................................................................................37
8.1.2提高加热炉热效率....................................................................37
8.2降低循环氢压缩机功率.................................................................37
8.3优化工艺流程.................................................................................37
8.3.1降低临氢系统压力降................................................................37
8.3.2.加热炉增加并联流路................................................................38
8.4选用高效设备.................................................................................38
8.5能耗总结........................................................................................38
9.安全设施设置的考虑..........................................................38
9.1重整循环氢低流量的联锁.............................................................38
9.1.1重整循环氢主要作用................................................................38
9.1.2重整循环氢断流或流量过低对装置造成的危害....................39
9.1.3重整循环氢压缩机保护措施....................................................39
9.2离心式重整循环氢压缩机防喘震系统的考虑............................39
9.3重沸炉的多流路控制与低流量保护............................................39
9.4安全环保系统的考虑....................................................................40
10.催化重整危险因素分析及其防范措施............................40
10.1开停工时危险因素及其防范.......................................................40
10.1.1停工过程中危险因素及其防范..............................................40
10.1.2开工过程中危险因素及其防范..............................................41
10.2正常生产中危险因素及其防范...................................................41
10.2.1设备防腐..................................................................................41
10.2.2催化重整装置常见事故处理原则..........................................42
10.3装置易发生的事故及其处理.......................................................42
10.3.1重整单元常见事故处理方法..................................................42
10.3.2抽提单元常见事故处理..........................................................43
10.3.3精馏单元常见事故处理..........................................................43
1.概论
1.1催化重整简介
催化重整:
在有催化剂作用的条件下,对汽油馏分中的烃类分子结构进行重新排列成新的分子结构