修正法案中英对照.docx
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修正法案中英对照
Amendment1：
Congressshallmakenolawrespectinganestablishmentofreligion,orprohibitingthefreeexercisethereof;orabridgingthefreedomofspeech,orofthepress;ortherightofthepeoplepeaceablytoassemble,andtopetitiontheGovernmentforaredressofgrievances.
（国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：
确立国教或禁止信教自由；剥夺言论自由或出版自由；或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。
）
Amendment2:
AwellregulatedMilitia,beingnecessarytothesecurityofafreeState,therightofthepeopletokeepandbearArms,shallnotbeinfringed.
（一支管理良好的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，因此人民持有和携带武器的权利不得侵犯。
）
Amendment3:
NoSoldiershall,intimeofpeacebequarteredinanyhouse,withouttheconsentoftheOwner,norintimeofwar,butinamannertobeprescribedbylaw.
（未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅；除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。
）
Amendment4:
Therightofthepeopletobesecureintheirpersons,houses,papers,andeffects,againstunreasonablesearchesandseizures,shallnotbeviolated,andnoWarrantsshallissue,butuponprobablecause,supportedbyOathoraffirmation,andparticularlydescribingtheplacetobesearched,andthepersonsorthingstobeseized.
（人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。
除依据可能成立的理由，以宣誓或代誓宣言保证，并详细说明搜查地点和扣押的人或物，不得发出搜查和扣押状。
）
Amendment5:
Nopersonshallbeheldtoanswerforacapital,orotherwiseinfamouscrime,unlessonapresentmentorindictmentofaGrandJury,exceptincasesarisinginthelandornavalforces,orintheMilitia,wheninactualserviceintimeofWarorpublicdanger;norshallanypersonbesubjectforthesameoffencetobetwiceputinjeopardyoflifeorlimb;norshallbecompelledinanycriminalcasetobeawitnessagainsthimself,norbedeprivedoflife,liberty,orproperty,withoutdueprocessoflaw;norshallprivatepropertybetakenforpublicuse,withoutjustcompensation.
（无论何人，除非根据大陪审团的报告或起诉书，不受死罪或其他重罪的审判，但发生在陆、海军中或发生在战时或出现公共危险时服役的民兵中的案件除外。
任何人不得因同一犯罪行为而两次遭受生命或身体的危害；不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪；不经正当法律程序，不得被剥夺生命、自由或财产。
不给予公平赔偿，私有财产不得充作公用。
）
Amendment6:
Inallcriminalprosecutions,theaccusedshallenjoytherighttoaspeedyandpublictrial,byanimpartialjuryoftheStateanddistrictwhereinthecrimeshallhavebeencommitted,whichdistrictshallhavebeenpreviouslyascertainedbylaw,andtobeinformedofthenatureandcauseoftheaccusation;tobeconfrontedwiththewitnessesagainsthim;tohavecompulsoryprocessforobtainingwitnessesinhisfavor,andtohavetheAssistanceofCounselforhisdefence.
（在一切刑事诉讼中，被告有权由犯罪行为发生地的州和地区的公正陪审团予以迅速和公开的审判，该地区应事先已由法律确定；得知控告的性质和理由；同原告证人对质；以强制程序取得对其有利的证人；并取得律师帮助为其辩护。
）
Amendment7:
Insuitsatcommonlaw,wherethevalueincontroversyshallexceedtwentydollars,therightoftrialbyjuryshallbepreserved,andnofacttriedbyajury,shallbeotherwisereexaminedinanyCourtoftheUnitedStates,thanaccordingtotherulesofthecommonlaw.
（在习惯法的诉讼中，其争执价额超过二十美元，由陪审团审判的权利应受到保护。
由陪审团裁决的事实，合众国的任何法院除非按照习惯法规则，不得重新审查。
）
Amendment8:
Excessivebailshallnotberequired,norexcessivefinesimposed,norcruelandunusualpunishmentsinflicted.
（不得要求过多的保释金，不得处以过重的罚金，不得施加残酷和非常的惩罚。
）
Amendment9:
TheenumerationintheConstitution,ofcertainrights,shallnotbeconstruedtodenyordisparageothersretainedbythepeople.
（本宪法对某些权利的列举，不得被解释为否定或轻视由人民保留的其他权利。
）
Amendment10:
ThepowersnotdelegatedtotheUnitedStatesbytheConstitution,norprohibitedbyittotheStates,arereservedtotheStatesrespectively,ortothepeople.
（宪法未授予合众国、也未禁止各州行使的权力，由各州各自保留，或由人民保留。
）
另外还有十七条修正案，分列如下：
Amendment11:
PassedbyCongressMarch4,1794.RatifiedFebruary7,1795.
Note:
ArticleIII,section2,oftheConstitutionwasmodifiedbyamendment11.
TheJudicialpoweroftheUnitedStatesshallnotbeconstruedtoextendtoanysuitinlaworequity,commencedorprosecutedagainstoneoftheUnitedStatesbyCitizensofanotherState,orbyCitizensorSubjectsofanyForeignState.
（合众国的司法权，不得被解释为适用于由他州公民或任何外国公民或国民对合众国一州提出的或起诉的任何普通法或衡平法的诉讼。
）
Amendment12:
PassedbyCongressDecember9,1803.RatifiedJune15,1804.
Note:
AportionofArticleII,section1oftheConstitutionwassupersededbythe12thamendment.
TheElectorsshallmeetintheirrespectivestatesandvotebyballotforPresidentandVice-President,oneofwhom,atleast,shallnotbeaninhabitantofthesamestatewiththemselves;theyshallnameintheirballotsthepersonvotedforasPresident,andindistinctballotsthepersonvotedforasVice-President,andtheyshallmakedistinctlistsofallpersonsvotedforasPresident,andofallpersonsvotedforasVice-President,andofthenumberofvotesforeach,whichliststheyshallsignandcertify,andtransmitsealedtotheseatofthegovernmentoftheUnitedStates,directedtothePresidentoftheSenate;--thePresidentoftheSenateshall,inthepresenceoftheSenateandHouseofRepresentatives,openallthecertificatesandthevotesshallthenbecounted;--ThepersonhavingthegreatestnumberofvotesforPresident,shallbethePresident,ifsuchnumberbeamajorityofthewholenumberofElectorsappointed;andifnopersonhavesuchmajority,thenfromthepersonshavingthehighestnumbersnotexceedingthreeonthelistofthosevotedforasPresident,theHouseofRepresentativesshallchooseimmediately,byballot,thePresident.ButinchoosingthePresident,thevotesshallbetakenbystates,therepresentationfromeachstatehavingonevote;aquorumforthispurposeshallconsistofamemberormembersfromtwo-thirdsofthestates,andamajorityofallthestatesshallbenecessarytoachoice.[AndiftheHouseofRepresentativesshallnotchooseaPresidentwhenevertherightofchoiceshalldevolveuponthem,beforethefourthdayofMarchnextfollowing,thentheVice-PresidentshallactasPresident,asincaseofthedeathorotherconstitutionaldisabilityofthePresident.--]*ThepersonhavingthegreatestnumberofvotesasVice-President,shallbetheVice-President,ifsuchnumberbeamajorityofthewholenumberofElectorsappointed,andifnopersonhaveamajority,thenfromthetwohighestnumbersonthelist,theSenateshallchoosetheVice-President;aquorumforthepurposeshallconsistoftwo-thirdsofthewholenumberofSenators,andamajorityofthewholenumbershallbenecessarytoachoice.ButnopersonconstitutionallyineligibletotheofficeofPresidentshallbeeligibletothatofVice-PresidentoftheUnitedStates.
（选举人在各自州内集会，投票选举总统和副总统，其中至少有一人不是选举人本州的居民。
选举人须在选票上写明被选为总统之人的姓名，并在另一选票上写明校选为副总统之人的姓名。
选举人须将所有被选为总统之人和所有被选为副总统之人分别开列名单，写明每人所得票数；在该名单上签名作证，将封印后的名单送合众国政府所在地，交参议院议长收。
参议院议长在参议院和众议院全体议员面前开拆所有证明书，然后计算票数。
获得总统选票最多的人，如所得票数超过所选派选举人总数的半数，即为总统。
如无人获得这种过半数票，众议院应立即从被选为总统之人名单中得票最多的但不超过三人中间，投票选举总统。
但选举总统时，以州为单位计票，每州代表有一票表决权。
三分之二的州各有一名或多名众议员出席，即构成选举总统的法定人数，选出总统需要所有州的过半数票。
[当选举总统的权力转移到众议院时，如该院在次年三月四日前尚未选出总统，则由副总统代理总统，如同总统死亡或宪法规定的其他丧失任职能力的情况一样。
]⑩得副总统选票最多的人，如所得票数超过所选派选举人总数的半数，即为副总统。
如无人得过半数票，参议院应从名单上得票最多的两人中选举副总统。
选举副总统的法定人数由参议员总数的三分之二构成，选出副总统需要参议员总数的过半数票。
但依宪法无资格担任总统的人，也无资格担任合众国副总统。
）
Amendment13:
PassedbyCongressJanuary31,1865.RatifiedDecember6,1865.
Note:
AportionofArticleIV,section2,oftheConstitutionwassupersededbythe13thamendment.
Section1.
Neitherslaverynorinvoluntaryservitude,exceptasapunishmentforcrimewhereofthepartyshallhavebeendulyconvicted,shallexistwithintheUnitedStates,oranyplacesubjecttotheirjurisdiction.
Section2.
Congressshallhavepowertoenforcethisarticlebyappropriatelegislation.
（第一款在合众国境内受合众国管辖的任何地方，奴隶制和强制劳役都不得存在，但作为对于依法判罪的人的犯罪的惩罚除外；
第二款国会有权以适当立法实施本条。
）
Amendment14:
PassedbyCongressJune13,1866.RatifiedJuly9,1868.
Note:
ArticleI,section2,oftheConstitutionwasmodifiedbysection2ofthe14thamendment.
Section1.
AllpersonsbornornaturalizedintheUnitedStates,andsubjecttothejurisdictionthereof,arecitizensoftheUnitedStatesandoftheStatewhereintheyreside.NoStateshallmakeorenforceanylawwhichshallabridgetheprivilegesorimmunitiesofcitizensoftheUnitedStates;norshallanyStatedepriveanypersonoflife,liberty,orproperty,withoutdueprocessoflaw;nordenytoanypersonwithinitsjurisdictiontheequalprotectionofthelaws.
Section2.
RepresentativesshallbeapportionedamongtheseveralStatesaccordingtotheirrespectivenumbers,countingthewholenumberofpersonsineachState,excludingIndiansnottaxed.ButwhentherighttovoteatanyelectionforthechoiceofelectorsforPresidentandVice-PresidentoftheUnitedStates,RepresentativesinCongress,theExecutiveandJudicialofficersofaState,orthemembersoftheLegislaturethereof,isdeniedtoanyofthemaleinhabitantsofsuchState,beingtwenty-oneyearsofage,*andcitizensoftheUnitedStates,orinanywayabridged,exceptforparticipationinrebellion,orothercrime,thebasisofrepresentationthereinshallbereducedintheproportionwhichthenumberofsuchmalecitizensshallbeartothewholenumberofmalecitizenstwenty-oneyearsofageinsuchState.
Section3.
NopersonshallbeaSenatororRepresentativeinCongress,orelectorofPresidentandVice-President,orholdanyoffice,civilormilitary,undertheUnitedStates,orunderanyState,who,havingpreviouslytakenanoath,asamemberofCongress,orasanofficeroftheUnitedStates,orasamemberofanyStatelegislature,orasanexecutiveorjudicialofficerofanyState,tosupporttheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,shallhaveengagedininsurrectionorrebellionagainstthesame,orgivenaidorcomforttotheenemiesthereof.ButCongressmaybyavoteoftwo-thirdsofeachHouse,removesuchdisability.
Section4.
ThevalidityofthepublicdebtoftheUnitedStates,
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