医学专业英语词汇Combining Form词根词缀.docx
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医学专业英语词汇CombiningForm词根词缀
CombiningForm
Meaning
Example(Definition)
aden/o
gland
adenopathy(glanddisease
carcin/o
cancer
carcinoma(canceroustumor)
cardi/o
heart
cardiac(pertainingtotheheart)
chem/o
chemical
chemotherapy(treatmentwithchemicals
cis/o
tocut
incision(processofcuttinginto)
dermat/o
skin
dermatology(studyoftheskin)
enter/o
smallintestines
pertainingtothesmallintestines
gastr/o
stomach
gastric(pertainingtothestomach)
gynec/o
female
gynecology(studyoffemales)
hemat/o
blood
pertainingtotheblood
hydr/o
water
hydrocele(protrusionofwater)
immune/o
immune
immunology(studyofimmunity)
laryng/o
voicebox
laryngeal(pertainingtothevoicebox)
morph/o
shape
morphology(studyofshape)
nephr/o
kidney
nephromegaly(enlargedkidney)
neur/o
nerve
neural(pertainingtoanerve)
ophthalm/o
eye
ophthalmic(pertainingtotheeye)
ot/o
ear
otic(pertainingtotheear)
path/o
disease
pathology(studyofdisease)
pulmon/o
lung
pulmonary(pertainingtothelungs)
rhin/o
nose
rhinoplasty(surgicalrepairofthenose)
ur/o
urine,urinarytract
urology(studyoftheurinarytract)
CommonPrefixes
Prefix
Meaning
Example(Definition)
a-
without,awayfrom
aphasia(withoutspeech)
an-
without
anoxia(withoutoxygen)
ante
before,infrontof
antepartum(beforebirth)
anti-
against
antibiotic(againstlife)
auto-
self
autograft(agraftfromone’sownbody)
brady-
slow
bradycardia(slowheartbeat)
dys-
painful,difficult
dyspnea(painfulbreathing)
endo-
within,inner
endoscope(instrumenttoviewwithin)
epi-
upon,over
epigastric(uponoroverthestomach)
eu-
normal,good
eupnea(normalbreathing)
hetero-
different
heterograft(agraftfromanotherperson’sbody)
homo-
same
homozygous(havingtwoidenticalgenes)
hydro-
water
hydrotherapy(watertherapy)
hyper-
over,above
hypertrophy(overdevelopment)
hypo-
under,below
hypoglossal(underthetongue)
infra-
under,beneath,below
infraorbital(below,undertheeyesocket)
inter-
among,between
intervertebral(betweenthevertebrae)
intra-
within,inside
intravenous(inside,withinavein)
macro-
large
macrocephalic(havingalargehead)
micro-
small
microcephalic(havingasmallhead)
neo-
new
neonate(newborn)
pan-
all
pancarditis(inflammationofalltheheart)
para-
beside,beyond,near
paranasal(nearoralongsidethenose)
per-
through
percutaneous(throughtheskin)
peri-
around
pericardial(aroundtheheart)
post-
after
postpartum(afterbirth)
pre-
before,infrontof
prefrontal(infrontofthefrontalbone)
pseudo-
false
pseudocyesis(falsepregnancy)
retro-
backward,behind
retrograde(movementinabackwardsdirection)
sub-
below,under
subcutaneous(under,belowtheskin)
super-
above,excess
supernumerary(abovethenormalnumber)
supra-
above
suprapubic(abovethepubicbone)
tachy-
rapid,fast
tachycardia(fastheartbeat)
trans-
through,across
transurethral(acrosstheurethra)
ultra-
beyond,excess
ultrasound(high-frequencysoundwaves)
NumberPrefixes
Prefix
Meaning
Example(Definition)
bi-
two
bilateral(twosides)
di-
two
diplegic(paralysisoftwoextremities)
hemi-
half
hemiplegia(paralysisofonesideofthebody)
mono-
one
monoplegia(paralysisofoneextremity)
multi-
many
multigravida(womanpregnantmorethanonce)
nulli-
none
nulligravida(womanwithnopregnancies)
poly-
many
polyuria(largeamountsofurine)
quad-
four
quadriplegia(paralysisofallfourextremities)
semi-
partial,half
semiconscious(partiallyconscious)
tri-
three
triceps(musclewiththreeheads)
uni-
one
unilateral(oneside)
CommonSuffixes
Suffix
Meaning
Example(Definition)
-algia
pain
gastralgia(stomachpain)
-cele
hernia,protrusion
cystocele(protrusionofthebladder)
-cise
cut
excise(tocutout)
-dynia
pain
cardiodynia(heartpain)
-ectasis
dilatation
bronchiectasis(dilatedbronchi)
-ectopia
displacement
corectopia(pupiloftheeyenotcentered)
--gen
thatwhichproduces
mutagen(thatwhichproducesmutations)
-genesis
produces,generates
osteogenesis(producesbone)
-genic
producing
carcinogenic(producingcancer)
-ia
state,condition
hemiplegia(conditionofbeinghalfparalyzed)
-iasis
abnormalcondition
lithiasis(abnormalconditionofstones)
-ism
stateof
hypothyroidism(stateoflowthyroid)
-itis
imflammation
cellulitis(inflammationofcells)
-logist
onewhostudies
cardiologist(onewhostudiestheheart)
-logy
studyof
cardiology(studyoftheheart)
-lysis
destruction
osteolysis(bonedestruction)
-malacia
abnormalsoftening
chondromalacia(abnormalcartilagesoftening)
-megaly
enlargement,large
cardiomegaly(enlargedheart)
-oma
tumor,mass
carcinoma(canceroustumor)
-osis
abnormalcondition
cyanosis(abnormalconditionofbeingblue)
-pathy
disease
myopathy(muscledisease)
-plasia
development,growth
dysplasia(abnormaldevelopment)
-plasm
formation,development
neoplasm(newformation)
-ptosis
drooping
proctoptosis(droopingrectum)
-rrhage
excessive,abnormalflow
hemorrhage(excessivebleeding)
-rrhea
discharge,flow
rhinorrhea(dischargefromthenose)
-rrhexis
rupture
hysterorrhexis(ruptureduterus)
-sclerosis
hardening
arteriosclerosis(hardeningofanartery)
-stenosis
narrowing
angiostenosis(narrowingofavessel)
-therapy
treatment
chemotherapy(treatmentwithchemicals)
-trophy
nourishment,development
hypertrophy(excessivedevelopment)
-uria
conditionoftheurine
hematuria(bloodintheurine)
SurgicalSuffixes
Suffix
Meaning
Example(Definition)
-centesis
puncturetowithdrawfluid
arthrocentesis(puncturetowithdrawfluidfromajoint)
-ectomy
surgicalremoval
gastrectomy(surgicallyremovethestomach)
-ostomy
surgicallycreateanopening
colostomy(surgicallycreateanopeningforthecolonthroughtheabdominalwall)
-otomy
cuttinginto
thoracotomy(cuttingintothechest)
-pexy
surgicalfixation
nephropexy(surgicalfixationofakidney)
-plasty
surgicalrepair
dermatoplasty(surgicalrepairoftheskin)
-rrhaphy
suture
myorrhaphy(suturetogethermuscle)
ProceduralSuffixes
Suffix
Meaning
Example(Definition)
-gram
recordorpicture
electrocardiogram(recordofheart’selectricity)
-graph
instrumentforrecording
electrocardiograph(instrumentforrecordingtheheart’selectricalactivity)
-graphy
processofrecording
electrocardiography(processofrecordingtheheart’selectricalactivity)
-meter
instrumentformeasuring
audiometer(instrumenttomeasurehearing)
-metry
processofmeasuring
audiometry(processofmeasuringhearing)
-scope
instrumentforviewing
gastroscope(instrumenttoviewstomach)
-scopy
processofvisuallyexamining
gastroscopy(processofvisuallyexaminingthestomach)
CombiningFormsCommonlyUsedinIntegumentarySystem
CombiningformMeaningExample
adip/ofatadipose
albin/owhitealbinism
caus/oburn,burningcausalgia
cutane/oskinsubcutaneous
derm/oskinepidermis
dermat/oskindermatitis
disphor/oprofusesweatingdiaphoresis
hidr/osweatanhidrosis
ichthy/oscaly,dryichthyosis
kerat/ohard,hornytissuekeratosis
leuk/owhiteleukoplakia
lip/ofatlipoma
melan/oblackmelanocyte
myc/ofungusdermatomycosis
onych/onailonycholysis
pil/ohairpilosebaceous
rhytid/owrinklerhytidoplasty
seb/ooilseborrhea
trich/ohairtrichomycosis
xanth/oyellowxanthoma
SuffixesCommonlyUsedinThisSystem
SuffixMeaningExample
-dermaskinscleroderma
-opsyviewofbiopsy
-plakiaaplateleukoplakia
-tomeinstrumentusedtocutdermatome
CombiningFormsCommonlyUsedinMusculoskeletalSystem
CombiningformMeaningExample
arthr/ojointarthrocentesis
articul/ojointarticulation
burs/osacbursitis
chondr/ocartilagechondroplasty
cost/oribcostectomy
crani/oskullcraniotomy
myel/obonemarrowmyelitis
orth/ostraightorthopedics
oste/oboneosteoporosis
spondyl/overtebra,backbonespondylarthritis
thorac/ochestthoracic
vertebr/overtebra,backboneintervertebral
fasci/ofasciafasciorrhaphy
my/omuscleelectromyogram
ten/otendontenodynia
tend/otendontendotomy
tendin/otendontendinitis
SuffixesCommonlyUsedinThisSystem
SuffixMeaningExample
-kinesiamovementdyskinesia
-porosisporousosteoporosis
-trophydevelopmenthypertrophy
-malaciaabnormalsofteningosteomalacia
Combiningform
Meaning
Example
angi/o
vessel
angioplasty
aort/o
aorta
aorticstenosis
arter/o,arteri/o
artery
arteriosclerosis
ather/o
yellowishplaque,fattysubstance
atherosclerosis
atri/o
atrium,upperheartchamber
atrioventricular
cardi/o
heart
cardiomyopathy
cholesterol/o
cholesterol
hypercholesterolemia
corn/o
heart
coronaryarteries
cyan/o
blue
cyanosis
ox/o
oxygen
hypoxia
pericardi/o
pericardium
pericardiocentesis
phleb/o
vein
phlebotomy
rrhythm/o
rhythm
arrhythmia
sphygm/o
pulse
sphygmomanometer
steth/o
chest
stethoscope
thromb/o
clot
thrombolysis
valvul/o,valv/o
valve
valvuloplasty
vas/o
vessel
vasoconstriction
vascul/o
vessel
vascular
ven/o
vein
venous
ventricul/o
ventricle,lowerheartchamber
ventriculotomy
PrefixesRelatingtotheCardiovascularSystem
Prefix
Meaning
Example
brady-
slow
bradycardia
tachy-
fast
tachycardia
SuffixesRelatingtotheCardiovascularSystem
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-manometer
Instrumenttomeasurepressure
sphygmomanometer
-ole
small
arteriol