医学专业英语词汇Combining Form词根词缀.docx

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医学专业英语词汇Combining Form词根词缀.docx

医学专业英语词汇CombiningForm词根词缀

CombiningForm

Meaning

Example(Definition)

aden/o

gland

adenopathy(glanddisease

carcin/o

cancer

carcinoma(canceroustumor)

cardi/o

heart

cardiac(pertainingtotheheart)

chem/o

chemical

chemotherapy(treatmentwithchemicals

cis/o

tocut

incision(processofcuttinginto)

dermat/o

skin

dermatology(studyoftheskin)

enter/o

smallintestines

pertainingtothesmallintestines

gastr/o

stomach

gastric(pertainingtothestomach)

gynec/o

female

gynecology(studyoffemales)

hemat/o

blood

pertainingtotheblood

hydr/o

water

hydrocele(protrusionofwater)

immune/o

immune

immunology(studyofimmunity)

laryng/o

voicebox

laryngeal(pertainingtothevoicebox)

morph/o

shape

morphology(studyofshape)

nephr/o

kidney

nephromegaly(enlargedkidney)

neur/o

nerve

neural(pertainingtoanerve)

ophthalm/o

eye

ophthalmic(pertainingtotheeye)

ot/o

ear

otic(pertainingtotheear)

path/o

disease

pathology(studyofdisease)

pulmon/o

lung

pulmonary(pertainingtothelungs)

rhin/o

nose

rhinoplasty(surgicalrepairofthenose)

ur/o

urine,urinarytract

urology(studyoftheurinarytract)

CommonPrefixes

Prefix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

a-

without,awayfrom

aphasia(withoutspeech)

an-

without

anoxia(withoutoxygen)

ante

before,infrontof

antepartum(beforebirth)

anti-

against

antibiotic(againstlife)

auto-

self

autograft(agraftfromone’sownbody)

brady-

slow

bradycardia(slowheartbeat)

dys-

painful,difficult

dyspnea(painfulbreathing)

endo-

within,inner

endoscope(instrumenttoviewwithin)

epi-

upon,over

epigastric(uponoroverthestomach)

eu-

normal,good

eupnea(normalbreathing)

hetero-

different

heterograft(agraftfromanotherperson’sbody)

homo-

same

homozygous(havingtwoidenticalgenes)

hydro-

water

hydrotherapy(watertherapy)

hyper-

over,above

hypertrophy(overdevelopment)

hypo-

under,below

hypoglossal(underthetongue)

infra-

under,beneath,below

infraorbital(below,undertheeyesocket)

inter-

among,between

intervertebral(betweenthevertebrae)

intra-

within,inside

intravenous(inside,withinavein)

macro-

large

macrocephalic(havingalargehead)

micro-

small

microcephalic(havingasmallhead)

neo-

new

neonate(newborn)

pan-

all

pancarditis(inflammationofalltheheart)

para-

beside,beyond,near

paranasal(nearoralongsidethenose)

per-

through

percutaneous(throughtheskin)

peri-

around

pericardial(aroundtheheart)

post-

after

postpartum(afterbirth)

pre-

before,infrontof

prefrontal(infrontofthefrontalbone)

pseudo-

false

pseudocyesis(falsepregnancy)

retro-

backward,behind

retrograde(movementinabackwardsdirection)

sub-

below,under

subcutaneous(under,belowtheskin)

super-

above,excess

supernumerary(abovethenormalnumber)

supra-

above

suprapubic(abovethepubicbone)

tachy-

rapid,fast

tachycardia(fastheartbeat)

trans-

through,across

transurethral(acrosstheurethra)

ultra-

beyond,excess

ultrasound(high-frequencysoundwaves)

NumberPrefixes

Prefix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

bi-

two

bilateral(twosides)

di-

two

diplegic(paralysisoftwoextremities)

hemi-

half

hemiplegia(paralysisofonesideofthebody)

mono-

one

monoplegia(paralysisofoneextremity)

multi-

many

multigravida(womanpregnantmorethanonce)

nulli-

none

nulligravida(womanwithnopregnancies)

poly-

many

polyuria(largeamountsofurine)

quad-

four

quadriplegia(paralysisofallfourextremities)

semi-

partial,half

semiconscious(partiallyconscious)

tri-

three

triceps(musclewiththreeheads)

uni-

one

unilateral(oneside)

CommonSuffixes

Suffix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

-algia

pain

gastralgia(stomachpain)

-cele

hernia,protrusion

cystocele(protrusionofthebladder)

-cise

cut

excise(tocutout)

-dynia

pain

cardiodynia(heartpain)

-ectasis

dilatation

bronchiectasis(dilatedbronchi)

-ectopia

displacement

corectopia(pupiloftheeyenotcentered)

--gen

thatwhichproduces

mutagen(thatwhichproducesmutations)

-genesis

produces,generates

osteogenesis(producesbone)

-genic

producing

carcinogenic(producingcancer)

-ia

state,condition

hemiplegia(conditionofbeinghalfparalyzed)

-iasis

abnormalcondition

lithiasis(abnormalconditionofstones)

-ism

stateof

hypothyroidism(stateoflowthyroid)

-itis

imflammation

cellulitis(inflammationofcells)

-logist

onewhostudies

cardiologist(onewhostudiestheheart)

-logy

studyof

cardiology(studyoftheheart)

-lysis

destruction

osteolysis(bonedestruction)

-malacia

abnormalsoftening

chondromalacia(abnormalcartilagesoftening)

-megaly

enlargement,large

cardiomegaly(enlargedheart)

-oma

tumor,mass

carcinoma(canceroustumor)

-osis

abnormalcondition

cyanosis(abnormalconditionofbeingblue)

-pathy

disease

myopathy(muscledisease)

-plasia

development,growth

dysplasia(abnormaldevelopment)

-plasm

formation,development

neoplasm(newformation)

-ptosis

drooping

proctoptosis(droopingrectum)

-rrhage

excessive,abnormalflow

hemorrhage(excessivebleeding)

-rrhea

discharge,flow

rhinorrhea(dischargefromthenose)

-rrhexis

rupture

hysterorrhexis(ruptureduterus)

-sclerosis

hardening

arteriosclerosis(hardeningofanartery)

-stenosis

narrowing

angiostenosis(narrowingofavessel)

-therapy

treatment

chemotherapy(treatmentwithchemicals)

-trophy

nourishment,development

hypertrophy(excessivedevelopment)

-uria

conditionoftheurine

hematuria(bloodintheurine)

SurgicalSuffixes

Suffix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

-centesis

puncturetowithdrawfluid

arthrocentesis(puncturetowithdrawfluidfromajoint)

-ectomy

surgicalremoval

gastrectomy(surgicallyremovethestomach)

-ostomy

surgicallycreateanopening

colostomy(surgicallycreateanopeningforthecolonthroughtheabdominalwall)

-otomy

cuttinginto

thoracotomy(cuttingintothechest)

-pexy

surgicalfixation

nephropexy(surgicalfixationofakidney)

-plasty

surgicalrepair

dermatoplasty(surgicalrepairoftheskin)

-rrhaphy

suture

myorrhaphy(suturetogethermuscle)

ProceduralSuffixes

Suffix

Meaning

Example(Definition)

-gram

recordorpicture

electrocardiogram(recordofheart’selectricity)

-graph

instrumentforrecording

electrocardiograph(instrumentforrecordingtheheart’selectricalactivity)

-graphy

processofrecording

electrocardiography(processofrecordingtheheart’selectricalactivity)

-meter

instrumentformeasuring

audiometer(instrumenttomeasurehearing)

-metry

processofmeasuring

audiometry(processofmeasuringhearing)

-scope

instrumentforviewing

gastroscope(instrumenttoviewstomach)

-scopy

processofvisuallyexamining

gastroscopy(processofvisuallyexaminingthestomach)

CombiningFormsCommonlyUsedinIntegumentarySystem

CombiningformMeaningExample

adip/ofatadipose

albin/owhitealbinism

caus/oburn,burningcausalgia

cutane/oskinsubcutaneous

derm/oskinepidermis

dermat/oskindermatitis

disphor/oprofusesweatingdiaphoresis

hidr/osweatanhidrosis

ichthy/oscaly,dryichthyosis

kerat/ohard,hornytissuekeratosis

leuk/owhiteleukoplakia

lip/ofatlipoma

melan/oblackmelanocyte

myc/ofungusdermatomycosis

onych/onailonycholysis

pil/ohairpilosebaceous

rhytid/owrinklerhytidoplasty

seb/ooilseborrhea

trich/ohairtrichomycosis

xanth/oyellowxanthoma

SuffixesCommonlyUsedinThisSystem

SuffixMeaningExample

-dermaskinscleroderma

-opsyviewofbiopsy

-plakiaaplateleukoplakia

-tomeinstrumentusedtocutdermatome

CombiningFormsCommonlyUsedinMusculoskeletalSystem

CombiningformMeaningExample

arthr/ojointarthrocentesis

articul/ojointarticulation

burs/osacbursitis

chondr/ocartilagechondroplasty

cost/oribcostectomy

crani/oskullcraniotomy

myel/obonemarrowmyelitis

orth/ostraightorthopedics

oste/oboneosteoporosis

spondyl/overtebra,backbonespondylarthritis

thorac/ochestthoracic

vertebr/overtebra,backboneintervertebral

fasci/ofasciafasciorrhaphy

my/omuscleelectromyogram

ten/otendontenodynia

tend/otendontendotomy

tendin/otendontendinitis

SuffixesCommonlyUsedinThisSystem

SuffixMeaningExample

-kinesiamovementdyskinesia

-porosisporousosteoporosis

-trophydevelopmenthypertrophy

-malaciaabnormalsofteningosteomalacia

Combiningform

Meaning

Example

angi/o

vessel

angioplasty

aort/o

aorta

aorticstenosis

arter/o,arteri/o

artery

arteriosclerosis

ather/o

yellowishplaque,fattysubstance

atherosclerosis

atri/o

atrium,upperheartchamber

atrioventricular

cardi/o

heart

cardiomyopathy

cholesterol/o

cholesterol

hypercholesterolemia

corn/o

heart

coronaryarteries

cyan/o

blue

cyanosis

ox/o

oxygen

hypoxia

pericardi/o

pericardium

pericardiocentesis

phleb/o

vein

phlebotomy

rrhythm/o

rhythm

arrhythmia

sphygm/o

pulse

sphygmomanometer

steth/o

chest

stethoscope

thromb/o

clot

thrombolysis

valvul/o,valv/o

valve

valvuloplasty

vas/o

vessel

vasoconstriction

vascul/o

vessel

vascular

ven/o

vein

venous

ventricul/o

ventricle,lowerheartchamber

ventriculotomy

PrefixesRelatingtotheCardiovascularSystem

Prefix

Meaning

Example

brady-

slow

bradycardia

tachy-

fast

tachycardia

SuffixesRelatingtotheCardiovascularSystem

Suffix

Meaning

Example

-manometer

Instrumenttomeasurepressure

sphygmomanometer

-ole

small

arteriol

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