考研英语真题.docx

考研英语真题.docx

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考研英语真题

2010年考研英语真题

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Dnecclious:

　　Readthcfollowingtext.Choosethebcslword（s）foreachnumbcredblank.andmark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　In1924American'NationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineertosuperviseaseriesofexperimentsatatelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawhtorePlantnear

　　ChicagoIthopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorEgnting__1__workorsproductivityInstead，thestudiesended__2__givingtheirnametothe“Hawhthome

　　effect”theextremelyinflentlcelldeatheveey__3__tobemgexpenmenteduponchangedsubjects’behavior

　　Theideaarosebecauseofthe__4__behaviorofthewomenintheplato.Accordmgto__5__ofthecxpetmems.their.houriyoutputrosewhenhghtmgWaS

　　increased.butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot__6__whatwasdoneintheexpenment.__7__sometmgwaschanged.produchntyroseA（n）__8__thatthey

　　werebemgexperimenteduponseemedtobe__9__t0alterworkers'bchamor__10__uself

　　Afterseveraldecades，thesaliledatawere__11__toeconometrictheanalysisHawthorneexperimentshasanothersurprisestorej2一thedescnpuonsonrecord，no

　　systematic__13__wasfoundthatlcvclsofproduchxntywererelatedtochangesinlighting

　　Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingthec~enmentsmaybehaveletto__14__interpretationofwhathapped.__15__，tighringwasalwayschangedon

　　aSundayWhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output__16__rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand__17__toriseforthenextcoupleofdays__18__,，

　　acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexpenmentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentupOnMonday,workers__19__tobeduigentforthefirstfew

　　daysoftheweekinanycase，before__21__aplateauandthenslackeningoffThissuggeststhatthealleged”Hawthorneeffect“ishardtoptndown

　1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]exlracted[D]restored

　2[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]Off

　3[A]Wuth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

　4.[A]conVoversial[B]perplexing[c]mischieous[D]ambiguous

　5.[A]reqtttrents[B]cxplanalions[C]accounts[D]assements

　　6[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

　　7[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

　　8.[A]awarerress[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

　　9.[A]suitale[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

　　11[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

　12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliarto

　　13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

　　14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]retiable[D]wasleadmg

　　15.[A]Incontast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

　　16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

　　17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued

20.[A]breaking[B]chrnbing[C]surpassmg[D]hiting

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions：

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text2

　　Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshaveseengranledforwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazoncomreceivedoneforits“one-click”onlinepayment

　　systernMerrillLynchgotlegalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinvenlorpatentedatochniqueforlyingabox

　　Nowthenation’stoppatentcourtappearscompletelyreadytoscalehackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeencontroversiale,versincetheywerefirst

　　authorized10yearsagoInamovethathasintellectual-propertylawyersabuzztheU.ScourtofAppealsforthefederalctrcuitsalditwoulduseaparticularcasetO

　　conductabroadreviewofbusiness-methodpatents.InreBijskl,asthecaseisknown,is“averybigdeal”，saysDermis'DCrouchoftheUniversityofMissoun

　　Schooloflaw.It“hasthepotentialtoelinateanentireclassofpatmts”

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramaticabout-facebecauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthatintroducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-calledstateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpoolingmutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosioninbusiness-methodpatentfilings,initiallybyemerginginternetcompaniestryingtostakeoutexclusivepinhtstospecifictypesofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestablishedcompaniesracedtoaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles,ifonlyasadefensivemoveagainstrivalsthatmightbentthemtothepunch.In2005,IBMnotedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300business-methodpatentsdespitethafactthatitquestionedthelegalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWallStreetinvestmentfilmsarmedthemselveswithpatentsforfinancialproducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposingthepractice。

　　TheBilskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodforhedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissuedanunusualorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyall12ofthecourt’sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,andthatoneissueitwantstoevalusteiswetheritshould“reconsider”itsstatestreetBankruling。

　　TheFederalCircuit’sactioncomesinthewakeofaseriesofrecentdecisionsbythesupreme.Countthathasnurrowedthescopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexamplethejusticessignaledthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheldfor“inventions”thatareobvious.ThejudgesontheFederalcircuitare“reactiontotheanti_patenttrendatthesupremecourt”saysHaroleCwegner,apartendattorneyandprofessorataeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchool。

　　26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcernbecauseof

　　[A]theirlimitedvaluetobusiness

　　[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

　　[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

　　[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization

　　27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBilskicase?

　　[A]Itsrullingcomplieswiththecourtdecisions

　　[B]Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

　　[C]IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit

　　[D]ItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S。

　　28.Theword“about-face”（Line1,Paro3）mostprobablymeans

　　[A]lossofgoodwill

　　[B]increaseofhostility

　　[C]changeofattitude

　　[D]changeofauiuled

29.Welearnfromthelasttwopamgraphsthatbusiness-meihodPateats

　　[A]areimmunetolegalchallenges

　　[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

　　[C]lowertheesteemforpateatholders

　　[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks

　30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

　　[A]Aloomingthreattobvamess-melhcdpatents

　　[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

　　[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents

　　[D]Aprevailingtreadagainstbusiness-methodpatents

　Text3

　　InhisbookTheTippingPoinlMalcohnaladuellalouesthatsocialepidemicsaredliveninlargepartbytheactingofatinyminorityofspecial

　　individuals,oftencalledinfluentialswhoareunusuallinformed,persuasive,orweconnectTheideaisintuitivelycompellingbutitdoesn'texplainhowideasactuallyspread。

　　Thesupposedimportanceofinftuentialsderivesfromaplansiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheoryuntestedthelrycalledthe"tow-stepflowofcommunication"Information

　　llowsfromthemediatotheinftuentialsandfromthentoereryoneelse.Marketershaveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecameitsuggeststhatiftheycanjustfindand

　　influencetheinfluentials,thoseselectpeoplewilldomostoftheworkforthemThetheoryalsoseemstoexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofpeoplewas

　　wearingpromotingordevelopingwhaterveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaidattentionAnecdotalevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththeideathatonlycertainspecial

　　peoplecalldrivetrends

　　IntheirrecentworkhoweyersomeresearchershavecomeupwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpactonsocialepidemicsthanisgenetallysupposedIn

　　facttheydon’tseemtoberequiredofall

　　Theresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobserratingaboutsocialinfluencewiththeexceptionofafewcelebritieslikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsizepresenceisprimanrillyafunctionofmedianotinterpersonalinfluence-enenthemostinfluentialmembersofapopulationsimplydon'tinteractwiththatmanyothersYetitispreciselythesenon-celebringinfluentialswhoaccordingtothetwo-step-flowtheoryaresupposedtodrivesocialenidemicsbyinflucencinytheirfriendsandcolleaguesdirectly.Forasocialepidemictooccurhowevereachpersonsosffectedmusttheninflucencehisorherownacquaintances,whomustinturninfluencetheirsandsoonandjusthowmanyotherspayattentiontoeachofthesepeoplehaslittletodowiththeinitialinfluential.Ifpeopleinthenetworkjusttwodegreesremovedfromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistantforexamplefromtheinitialinfluentialproveresistant,forexamplethecasecadeofchangewon'tpropagateveryfaroraffectmanypeople。

　　Buildingonthebasictruthaboutinterpersonalinfluencetheresearchersstudiedthedynamicsofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingofpopulationsmanipulatinganumberofvariablesrelatingtopeople’sabilifytoinfluenceothersandtheirtendencetobe

31.BycitingthebookTheTippingPointtheauthorintendsto

　　[A]analyzetheconsequencesofsocialepidemics

　　[B]discussinfluentials’funcitioninspreadingideas

　[C]exemplifypeople’sintuitiveresponsetosocialepidemics

　　[D]describetheessentialcharacteristicsofinfluentials

32.Theauthorsuggeststhatthe“two-step-flowtheory”

　　[A]servesasasolutiontomarketingproblems

　　[B]hashelpedexplaincertainprevalenttrends

　　[C]haswonsupportfrominfluentials

[D]requiressolidevidenceforitsvalidity

33.whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentyshowsthat