Book1Unit 5.docx

Book1Unit 5.docx

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Book1Unit5

Unit5

SectionATheBattleAgainstAIDS

Objectives

1.SharetheknowledgeofandviewsonAIDS.

2.Acquiretheskillofreadingformajordetails.

3.Practicenewexpressions.

4.Writeparagraphsoftheproblem-solutionpatternandinvitationletters.

BackgroundInformation

AIDS

AIDSstandsforAcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome.Itisdefinedasoccurringinpeoplewithantibodies（抗体）toaviruscalledHumanImmuno-deficiencyVirus（HIV）,whichisthoughttohaveoriginatedinAfricanmonkeysandpassedtohumanpopulationsduringthetwentiethcentury.

HIVspreadsthroughwithinfectedblood,infectedsexualpartners,orwithinthewombofaninfectedpregnantmother.Afterinfectingaperson,HIVcanremainhiddeninthebodyforalongorashortperiodoftimeuntilitbecomesactiveanddevelopsintoAIDS,forwhichnoknowncureexists.

AIDSisaglobal,humanepidemic.TheWorldHealthOrganizationandUNAIDSestimatedthatbetween2.8and3.5millionpeoplewithAIDSdiedin2004.Anestimated22millionpeoplewithAIDShavediedsince1981.However,thesestatisticsareonlyestimates,asitisnotknownhowmanypeoplehaveactuallydiedofAIDS.

Latino（s）

IntheUnitedStates,Latinoreferstonon-Anglo-AmericancitizenswhoarelivingintheUnitedStatesofAmericaandareofLatinAmericanbackground.LatinosarethefastestgrowinggroupintheUSandexpectedtomorethandoubleinsizeby2020.

Warming-up（20minutes）

I.Knowledge

Whatdoesthisdesignstandfor?

ThisistheRedRibbon.Itisaninternationalsymbol（标志）ofAIDSawareness.Peopleweartheribbon,particularlyaroundWorldAIDSDay,toshowcareandconcern（关注）aboutHIVandAIDS.

1.WhatisAIDS?

AcquiredImmureDeficiencySyndrome（后天性免疫缺陷综合症）.Itisadiseasethatlimitsthebody’sabilitytofightinfection.ApersonwithAIDShasaveryweakimmunesystem,turningnormallymildorrarediseasesintopotentiallyfatalconditions.

2.WhatisHIV?

HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus（人类免疫缺陷病毒）.AIDSisdifferentfromHIVinthattheformerusuallycausesdeathwhile

HIVmayleadtoAIDS.

3.WhatdoyouknowaboutWorldAIDSDay?

December,1stwasestablishedasWorldAIDSDayin1988.Itistheinternationaldayofcoordinateaction（协调行动）againstAIDS.

4.HowmanywayscanHIVspread?

•contactwithinfectedblood

•mother-to-child

•sex

5.Whoismostlikelytobecomeinfected?

AnyonecanbecomeinfectedwithHIV.HIVistransmittedsexuallyorthroughdrugusebycontaminatedblood.

II.Movie＆Discussion

Watchthevideoclipandthendiscussinpairs.

WordstoConquer

•counselor律师；法律顾问

•congratulation祝贺；恭喜

•befired被解雇的

•sue控告；起诉

•representation代表；代理

DiscussinPairs

•HaveyouevermetapatientofAIDS?

•WhatwillyoucalltomindwhentalkingaboutAIDS?

•ChooseoneofthefollowingtodowhenbeingwithanAIDSpatient.Puttheminanorderfromthefirsttothelastaccordingtoyourwill，andwhichweshouldnotdo:

Shareabook;

Shareashaver

Swimminginapool

Kiss

Eatatthesametable

Shakehands

Hug

Dancetogether

Sitsidebyside

Textunderstanding（15minutes）

I.Understanding

1.MatchtheNumbers（Paras.1-2）

e__killedsince1970s

d__killedinthepastfewyears

a__expectedtodie

c__infectedwithHIVvirus

b__black&LatinosdiagnosedwithHIV

a.185,000

b.nearly500,000

c.onemillion

d.102,000

e.204,000

2.TicktheRight（Paras.3-6）

WhatarecorrectabouttheSouthCarolinaAIDSEducationNetwork?

a.Itisagovernmentorganization.

b.ItcombatsthespreadofAIDS.

c.Itgetsalotofmoney.

d.Itoperatesprogramsoutofabeautyshop.

e.Itusesvideosandpublications.

f.Hairdressers’arenotinthenetwork.

3.ExplaintheMethods（Paras.7-13）

Workinpairsandexplainmethods1-3withthehelpofthekeywordsinthefollowingcharts:

Method1

speaktoyourcommunity

Problem

alowliteracyrate

Solution

drawpictures,familiarfacesandlanguage

Evaluation

moreeffect

Method2

trainteenagers

Problem

spreadfastest

Solution

establish,program

Evaluation

simple,better,adult,help

Method3

redefine

Problem

misinformation

Solution

emphasize,regardless

II.StructureAnalysis

A.TheWritingModelofthePassage:

Problem+Solution+Evaluation+Summary

Thebasicstructureofthispatternisproblem-solution-evaluation.Therearesomepossibledifferencesinthepatternbutthebasicpartsareproblemsandsolutions.

Canyoulistsometypicalexpressionsforthispattern?

Thetypicalexpressionsforthispattern:

expressions

function

•theproblem,

•thequestion

•introduceaproblem

•tosolve…,

•thesolution

•introducethesolution

•theresult,

•asaresult

•introduceresult,effectorevaluation

Now,findtheproblem,solutionandevaluationofthispassage.

Tips

TheProblem:

1.AIDShaskilledmanyAmericans,andstillmanywiththeHIVvirusareexpectedtodie.（Para.1）

2.WomenandyouthinsomecommunitiesaremakingupthefastestsegmentofpeoplewithAIDS.（Para.2）

3.Americangovernmentshavebeenslowinstoppingthespreadofthedisease.（Para.3）

TheSolution:

Anumberoflocalorganizationshaveemerged.

TheSouthCarolinaAIDSEducationNetworkisoneofthem.（Para.3-4）

1.Theorganizationoperatesitseducationalprogramsoutofabeautyshop.（Paras.4-5）

2.Thenetworkbeganhelpingthehairstylistssetupsimilarprogramsintheirshops.（Para.6）

3.Ithasdevelopedseveraltechniquesusefultoothergroupsdoingsimilarwork.（Para.7）

Speaktoyourcommunityinawaytheycanhear.（Para.8-9）

Trainteenagerstoeducatetheirpeers.（Para.10）

Redefine“atrisk”toincludewomenfromdifferentbackgroundsandmarriagestatus.（Para.11-12）

TheEvaluation:

Theseprogramsarenottheonlysolutionstothecrisisbut,untilthereisacureforAIDS,

theyareonlysafemeasuresagainstthevirus.（Para.13）

TheSummary:

Wemustnotletcultural,racial,orsocialbarriersdistractusfromthejobthatmustbedone.Norcanweletpoliticalinefficiencystopusfromourtask.Everyonemustbecomeaneducatorandlearntolive.（Para.14）

B.Thewaytodevelopparagraphs:

AGeneralStatement+Problem-solution-evaluation

ThewriterlistssomewaysofwinningthewaragainstAIDS.Eachmethodispresentedinageneralstatement.Hetriestoarguefortheideainaproblem-solution-evaluationway.

Method2:

Trainteenagerstoeducatetheirpeers.

Theproblem

Thesolution

Theevaluation

Theproblem

AIDSisspreadingfastestamongteenagersintheruralSouth.

Thesolution

Establishan“AIDSBusters”program.

Theprogramtrainsyouth（from8to26）togointothecommunityandteachAIDSlessonstotheirpeers.

Theevaluation

•Youngpeoplemakethelessonssimple.

•TheyexplaintheriskofcatchingAIDStotheirfriendsmuchbetterthananadultcan.

•Theyhelpparentsunderstandthepeerpressuretheirchildrenexperience.

Newwordsandexpressions

acquire

vt.getorgainsth.获得

Heacquiredaknowledgeofthelanguagebycarefulstudy.

他通过认真学习掌握了这门语言。

immune

1.safefromadiseaseorillness免疫的

Onceyou'vehadthedisease,youwillbeimmuneto/againstitforlife.

一旦你得了这种病，你就会对这种病终身免疫。

2.notaffectedbysth.不受影响的

beimmunetocriticism/opposition

不为批评/反对所动摇

immunity:

n.免疫力

deficiency

n.[C,U]thestateofhavingnoneornotenoughof不足；缺乏

TheweaknessiscausedbyadeficiencyofVitaminC.

这种衰弱是由于缺乏维生素C而引起的。

deficient:

a.缺乏的，不足的

反义词antonym

sufficiency:

n.充足；充裕

sufficient:

a.充分的；充足的

diagnose

vt.findoutwhatillnesssb.hasbyexaminingthem诊断

diagnosethetumor（肿瘤）asbenign（良性）

诊断该肿瘤为良性的

diagnosis:

n.诊断；确定毛病

infect

vt.causesb.tohaveadisease感染

infectsb.withsth

HewasshockedwhenheknewhewasinfectedwiththeHIVvirus.

当他知道自己染上艾滋病病毒时感到很震惊。

virus

n.1.[C]alivingthingwhichcancauseadisease病毒

theflu/rabies/AIDSvirus

流感/狂犬病/艾滋病病毒

2.[C]aprogramthatentersacomputeranddestroysinformation计算机病毒

Theanti-virusprogramisveryuseful.

这种杀毒程序很有用。

rural

a.oforlikethecountryside农村的；乡村的

ruralareas/scenes/smells/accents

农村地区、乡村风光、乡土气息、乡下口音

Antonym

urban:

a.都市的；城市的

urbanareas市区

constitute

vt.makeup;form组成，构成

Sevendaysconstituteaweek.

一周有7天。

Similarphrases:

bemadeupof:

Aweekismadeupofsevendays.

consistof:

Aweekconsistsofsevendays.

becomposedof:

Aweekiscomposedofsevendays.

comprise:

Sevendayscompriseaweek.

Aweekiscomprisedofsevendays.

alarm

vt.causesuddenfearorworry使惊恐,使担心

Thenewsthatwarmightbreakoutalarmedthepeople.

战争可能爆发的消息使人们惊恐不安。

bealarmedby担心；害怕

I’mratheralarmed（tohear）thatyou’replanningtoleavethecompany.

n.[U]suddenfearandworry惊慌

Hearingascream,shesatupinalarm.

听到尖叫声，她慌忙坐了起来。

alarming:

a.frighteningorworrying令人惊恐的；令人担心的

federal

联邦的，联邦制的

federalgovernment/republic

联邦政府/共和国

implement

vt.carryoutorputcertaindecisionsintopractice实施，执行

Thegovernmentpromisedtoimplementanewprogramtocontrolpollution.

政府承诺要执行新的计划来控制污染。

Similarphrases:

carryout

putintoforce/effect

organization

n.（BrEorganisation）

[C]agroupofpeoplewithaspecialpurpose组织，机构

WTO

WorldTradeOrganization世界贸易组织

WHO

WorldHealthOrganization世界卫生组织

emerge

vi.appearorcomeoutfromsomewhere浮现，出现

emergefrom

从（水中等）出来、现出、露出

Themoonemergedfrombehindtheclouds.

月亮从云层后露出来。

combat

vt.takeactiontostopsth.badorharmful与...斗争

combat（against/with）sb./sth.

combatenemy/disease/terrorism

与敌人、疾病、恐怖主义作斗争

n.[U]fighting,esp.duringawar战斗

armed/unarmedcombat.

武装、非武装斗争

resource

n.[C]（