北京市六区高三一模英语分类汇编阅读理解D.docx

北京市六区高三一模英语分类汇编阅读理解D.docx

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北京市六区高三一模英语分类汇编阅读理解D

2018北京六区高三一模英语分类汇编--阅读理解D

【海淀一模】

D

EudaimoniaisanAncientGreekword,particularlystressedbythephilosophersPlatoandAristotle,whichdeservesfarmoreattentionthanithasbecauseitcorrectstheshortfalls（缺失）inoneofthemostcentral,buttroublingwordsinourmodemlanguage:

happiness.

Whenwenowadaystrytoclearlyexpressthepurposeofourlives，itistheword“happiness”thatwecommonlyturnto.Wetellourselvesandothersthatthemostimportantprincipleforourjobs,ourrelationshipsandtheconductofourday-to-daylivesisthepursuitofhappiness.Itsoundslikeaninnocentenoughidea,buttoomuchrelianceonthetermmeansthatwefrequentlyunfairlytendtoquitor,atleast,heavilyquestionagreatmanychallengingbutworthwhilesituations.TheAncientGreeksdidnotbelievethatthepurposeoflifewastobehappy;theyproposedthatitwastoachieveEudaimonia,awordwhichhasbeenbesttranslatedas“fulfilment”.

Whatdistinguisheshappinessfromfulfilmentispain.Itisverypossibletobefulfilledand—atthesametime—underpressure,sufferingphysicallyormentally,overburdenedand,quitefrequently,inanirritable（易怒的）mood.Thisisaslightpsychologicaldifferencethatishardfortheword“happiness”tocapture,forit’strickytospeakofbeinghappyyetunhappy,orhappyyetsuffering.However,suchacombinationisreadilyaccommodatedwithintherespectedandnoble-soundingideaofEudaimonia.

Thewordencouragesustotrustthatmanyoflife’smostworthwhileprojectswillsometimesbeinconflictwithcontentment,andyetwillbeworthpursuing.Properlyexploringourprofessionaltalents,managingahousehold,keepingarelationshipgoing,creatinganewbusinessventureorengaginginpolitics...noneofthesegoalsarelikelytoleaveuscheerfulandgrinningonadailybasis.Theywill,infact,involveusinallmannerofchallengesthatwilldeeplyexhaustandweakenus,provoke（激怒）andwoundus.Andyetwewillperhaps,attheendofourlives,stillfeelthatthetaskswereworthundertaking.Throughthem,we’llhaveachievedsomethingdeeperandmoreinterestingthanhappiness.

WiththewordEudaimoniainmind,wecanstopimaginingthatweareaimingforapain-free

existence—andthenblamingourselvesunfairlyforbeinginabadmood.We’llknowthatwearetryingtodosomethingfarmoreimportantthansmileallthetime:

we'restrivingtodojusticetoourfullhumanpotential.

47.Whatdoweknowabout“Eudaimonia”fromthepassage?

A.ItwasfirstcreatedbytwoGreekphilosophers.

B.Ithasreceivedalotofattentionfromthepublic.

C.Itstillhassomeshortfallsthatneedtobecorrected.

D.ItwasregardedasthepurposeoflifeinancientGreece.

48.AccordingtoParagraph3,happiness.

A.istheoppositeoffulfillment

B.isfreefromphysicalormentalpain

C.stressesthepsychologicaldifference

D.servesasarespectedandnoblelifegoal

49.Wecanleamfromthepassagethat.

A.aimingforhappinessmayleadtowrongself-blaming

B.goalsthatwoundandweakenusresultinhappiness

C.challengesleadingtocontentmentareworthundertaking

D.feelingfulfilledmeansweshouldavoidtoughsituations

50.Thepassageencouragesthereadersto.

A.findfulfillmentwithalleffortsB.seekforapain-freeexistence

C.keepoptimisticwhateverhappensD.balancehappinessandsuffering

47.D48.B49.A50.A

【西城一模】

D

Ownershipusedtobeaboutasstraightforwardaswritingacheque.Ifyouboughtsomething,youownedit.Ifitbroke,youfixedit.Ifyounolongerwantedit,yousolditorthrewitaway.Inthedigitalage,however,ownershiphasbecomemoreslippery.Sincethecomingofsmartphones,consumershavebeenforcedtoacceptthattheydonotcontrolthesoftwareintheirdevices;theyareonlylicensedtouseit.Asadigitalchainiswrappedevermoretightlyaroundmoredevices,suchascarsandthermostats,whoownsandwhocontrolswhichobjectsisbecomingaproblem.Buyersshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheirmostbasicpropertyrightsareunderthreat.

Thetrendisnotalwaysharmful.Manufacturersseekingtorestrictwhatownersdowithincreasinglycomplextechnologyhavegoodreasonstoprotecttheircopyright,ensurethattheirmachinesdonotbreakdown,supportenvironmentalstandardsandpreventhacking.Sometimescompaniesusetheircontroloveraproduct’ssoftwarefortheowners’benefit.WhenHurricaneIrmahitFloridathismonth,Teslaremotelyupdatedthesoftwarecontrollingthebatteriesofsomemodelstogiveownersmorerangetoescapethestorm.

Butthemoredigitalstringsareattachedtogoods,themorethebalanceofcontrolleanstowardsproducersandawayfromowners.Thatcanbeinconvenient.Pickingacarishardenough,butharderstillifyouhavetodiguptheinstructionsthattellyouhowuseislimitedandwhatdatayoumustgive.Iftheproductsareintentionallydesignednottolastlong,itcanalsobeexpensive.Already,itemsfromsmartphonestowashingmachineshavebecomeextremelyhardtofix,meaningthattheyarethrownawayinsteadofbeingrepaired.

Privacyisalsoatrisk.UsersbecometerrifiedwheniRobot,aroboticvacuumcleaner,notonlycleansthefloorbutalsocreatesadigitalmapoftheinsideofahomethatcanthenbesoldtoadvertisers（thoughthemanufacturersaysithasnointentionofdoingso）.Caseslikethisshouldremindpeoplehowjealouslytheyoughttoprotecttheirpropertyrightsandcontrolwhousesthedatathatiscollected.

Ownershipisnotabouttogoaway,butitsmeaningischanging.Thisrequirescarefulinspection.Devices,byandlarge,aresoldonthebasisthattheyenablepeopletodowhattheywant.Totheextenttheyarecontrolledbysomebodyelse,thatfreedomiscompromised.

47.Whatbenefitdoesitbringtocustomersifcompaniescontroltheownershipofproducts?

A.Itprovidesthemwithknowledgetopreventhacking.

B.Itgivesthemthechancetobeprotectedfromdanger.

C.Itenablesthemtoownthecopyrightoftheproducts.

D.Ithelpsthemknowmoreaboutcomplextechnology.

48.Theunderlinedwords“thatfreedom”inthelastparagraphrefertothefreedomto_____.

A.controlotherpeopleB.sharetheownership

C.inspectdevicesatanytimeD.usedevicesasonewishes

49.Theauthormayagree_____.

A.customersshouldbuyfewerdigitaldevices

B.producersshouldcontrolpropertyrights

C.propertyrightsneedtobeprotected

D.betteraftersalesserviceisrequired

50.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?

I:

IntroductionP:

PointSp:

Sub-point（次要点）C:

Conclusion

47.B48.D49.C50.A

【朝阳一模】第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

D

IsPositiveThinkingPowerful?

The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike“Ineverdoanythingright”intopositiveoneslike“Icansucceed”.ButwasthepositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?

Istherepowerinpositivethinking?

ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:

itcansimplystresshowunhappytheyare.Thestudy’sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbyusingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedback（反馈）whichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourfriendwhoisnotverycleverthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you’rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inthe1990s,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonconductedanexperiment.Theparticipantswereaskedtowriteessaysopposingfinancialsupportforthedisabled,expressinglittlesympathyforthem.Whentheseparticipantswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.

Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students’self-respect.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,“Iamlovable.”Thosewithlowself-respectdidn’tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-approval.Infact,theirfeelingsturnedsignificantlyworsethanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren’turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.

Thestudyprovidessupportfornewerformsforpsychotherapy（心理治疗）thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation（静思）techniques,onthecontrary,canteachpeopletorealizetheirshortcomingsfromalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.

67.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?

A.Therecanbenosimplesolutionstopsychologicalproblems.

B.Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydoharmtopeople.

C.Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.

D.Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.

68.TheunderlinedpartinParagraph2probablymeans______.

A.youarepointingoutthemistakeshehasmade

B.youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough

C.youarestressingthefactthatheisnotintelligent

D.youarenottryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults

69.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?

A.Self-approvalcanbringapositivechangetoone’sfeelings.

B.Peoplewithlowself-respectseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.

C.Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyimprovetheirself-respect.

D.Forcingpeopletothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowerth