湖北大学考博英语真题.docx

湖北大学考博英语真题.docx

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湖北大学考博英语真题

湖北大学真题2007年

（总分100,考试时间90分钟）

PartⅠReadingComprehension

Directions:

Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.

ThedomesticeconomyintheUnitedStatesexpandedinaremarkablyvigorousandsteadyfashion.Therevivalinconsumerconfidencewasreflectedinthehigherproportionofincomesspentforgoodsandservicesandthemarkedincreaseinconsumerwillingnesstotakeoninstallmentdebt.Aparallelstrengtheninginbusinesspsychologywasmanifestedinastepped-uprateofplantandequipmentspendingandagradualpickupinexpensesforinventory.Confidenceintheeconomywasalsoreflectedinthestrengthofthestockmarketandinthestabilityofthebondmarket.Fortheyearsasawhole,consumerandbusinesssentimentbenefitedfromtheeaseinEast-Westtensions.

Thebasesofthebusinessexpansionweretobefoundmainlyinthestimulativemonetaryandfiscalpoliciesthathadbeenpursued.Moreover,therestorationofsounderliquiditypositionsandtightermanagementcontrolofproductionefficiencyhadalsohelpedlaythegroundworkforastrongexpansion.Inaddition,theeconomicpolicymovesmadebythePresidenthadservedtorenewoptimismonthebusinessoutlookwhileboostinghopesthatinflationwouldbebroughtundermoreeffectivecontrol.Final]y,ofcourse,theeconomywasabletogrowasvigorouslyasitdidbecausesufficientleewayexistedintermsofidlemenandmachines.

TheUnitedStatesbalanceofpaymentsdeficitdeclinedsharply.Nevertheless,byanyothertest,thedeficitremainedverylarge,andtherewasactuallyasubstantialdeteriorationinourtradeaccounttoasizabledeficit,almosttwo-thirdsofwhichwaswithJapan.Whiletheoveralltradeperformanceproveddisappointing,therearestillgoodreasonsforexpectingthedelayedimpactofdevaluationtoproduceintimeasignificantstrengtheninginourtradepicture.GiventhesizeoftheJapanesecomponentofourtradedeficit,however,theoutcomewilldependimportantlyontheextentofthecorrectivemeasuresundertakenbyJapan.AlsoimportantwillbeourowneffortsintheUnitedStatestofashioninternalpoliciesconsistentwithanimprovementinourexternalbalance.

Theunderlyingtaskofpublicpolicyfortheyearahead--andindeedforthelongerrun--remainedafamiliarone:

tostriketherightbalancebetweenencouraginghealthyeconomicgrowthandavoidinginflationarypressures.Withtheeconomyshowingsustainedandvigorousgrowth,andwiththecurrencycrisishighlightingtheneedtoimproveourcompetitivepostureinternationally,theemphasisseemedtobeshiftingtotheproblemofinflation.ThePhaseThreeProgramofwageandpricerestraintcancontributetoreducinginflation.Unlessproductivitygrowthisunexpectedlylarge;however,theexpansionofrealoutputmusteventuallybegintoslowdowntotheeconomy'slargerrungrowthpotentialifgeneralizeddemandpressuresonpricesaretobeavoided.

1.Theauthormentionsincreasedinstallmentdebtinthefirstparagraphinordertoshow______.

Athecontinuingexpansionoftheeconomy

Bthegrowthofconsumerpurchasingpower

Ctheconsumers'confidenceintheeconomy

Dthesoaringconsumerincomesforspending

2.Paragraph2mainlydealswith______.

AeconomicpolicymeasuressuggestedbythePresident

Bthecausesofbusinessdevelopmentfortheperiod

Cthestimulativemonetaryandfiscalpolices

Dtherevivalofstrongerliquiditypositions

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthattheauthor'sattitudetowardthereductionoftheinternationalpaymentsdeficitseems______.

Abitter-sweet

Bpessimistic

Csympathetic

Ddoubtful

4.Partofthepublicpolicytask,asoutlinedinthetext,isto______.

Apreventpaymentsdeficit

BdevaluetheAmericandollar

Cavoidinflationarypressures

Dincreasethebalanceoftrade

5.ItcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatthePhaseThreeProgramcontained______.

Adevaluationofthedollar

Bproductivitymeasures

Creducedgovernmentspending

Dwageandpricecontrols

Educationisoneofthekeywordsofourtime.Aman,withoutaneducation,manyofusbelieve,isanunfortunatevictimofadversecircumstancesdeprivedofoneofthegreatesttwentieth-centuryopportunities.Convincedoftheimportanceofeducation,modernstates"invest"ininstitutionsoflearningtogetback"interest"intheformofalargegroupofenlightenedyoungmenandwomenwhoarepotentialleaders.Education,withitscyclesofinstructionsocarefullyworkedout,ispunctuatedbytextbooks--thosepurchasablewellsofwisdom--whatwouldcivilizationbelikewithoutitsbenefits?

Somuchiscertain:

thatwewouldhavedoctorsandpreachers,lawyersanddefendants,marriagesandbirths;butourspiritualoutlookwouldbedifferent.Wewouldlaylessstresson"factsandfigures"andmoreonagoodmemory,onappliedpsychology,andonthecapacityofamantogetalongwithhisfellowcitizens.Ifoureducationalsystemwerefashionedafteritsbooklesspastwewouldhavethemostdemocraticformof"college"imaginable.Amongthepeoplewhomweliketocallsavagesallknowledgeinheritedbytraditionissharedbyall;itistaughttoeverymemberofthetribesothatinthisrespecteverybodyisequallyequippedforlife.

Itistheidealconditionofthe"equalstart"whichonlyourmostprogressiveformsofmodemeducationtrytoregain.Inprimitiveculturestheobligationtoseekandtoreceivethetraditionalinstructionisbindingtoall.Thereareno"illiterates"--ifthetermcanbeappliedtopeoplewithoutascript--whileourowncompulsoryschoolattendancebecamelawinGermanyin1642,inFrancein1806,andinEngland1876,andisstillnon-existentinanumberof"civilized"nations.Thisshowshowlongitwasbeforewedeemeditnecessarytomakesurethat'allourchildrencouldshareintheknowledgeaccumulatedbythe"happyfew"duringthepastcenturies.

Educationinthewildernessisnotamatterofmonetarymeans.Allareentitledtoanequalstart.Thereisnoneofthehurrywhich,inoursociety,oftenhampersthefulldevelopmentofagrowingpersonality.There,achildgrowsupundertheever-presentattentionofhisparents,thereforethejunglesandthegrasslandsknowofno"juveniledelinquency".Nonecessityofmakingalivingawayfromhomeresultsinneglectofchildrenandnofatherisconfrontedwithhisinabilityto"buy"aneducationforhischild.

6.Theword"interest"inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

Apleasure

Breturns

Cshare

Dknowledge

7.Accordingtothepassage,theauthorseemstobe______.

Aagainsttheeducationintheveryearlyhistorictimes

Binfavoroftheeducationalpracticeinprimitivecultures

Cquitehappytoseeanequalstartforeveryone

Dpositiveaboutourpresenteducationalinstruction

8.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.

Atheaimof"equalstart"hasalreadybeenreachedamongsavages

Bsavagesinancienttimesaremorecivilizedthanmodernpeople

Cthemodemeducationsystemismoredemocraticthanbefore

Dtherearenoilliteratesincivilizednationsintoday'ssociety

9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

AEducationcan'tworkwithoutthebenefitsoftextbooks.

BWehavenotyetdecidedonoureducationalmodels.

CCompulsoryschoolingisnotexistentinallnations.

DOurspiritualoutlookisbetternowthanbefore.

10.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.

AEducationandModernCivilization

BTheSignificanceofModernEducation

CEducationalInvestmentandtheProfitItBrings

DEducation:

AComparisonbetweenPastandPresent

Allcultureshavesomesystemofmeasuringduration,orkeepingtime,butinWesternindustrializedsocieties,wekeeptrackoftimeinwhatseemstootherpeoplesalmostanobsessivefashion.Weviewtimeasmotiononaspace,akindoflinearprogressionmeasuredbytheclockandthecalendar.Thisperceptioncontributestooursenseofhistoryandthekeepingofrecords,whicharetypicalaspectsofWesterncultures.

Althoughourperceptionsoftimeseemnaturaltous,wemustnotassumethatotherculturesoperateonthesametimesystem.Forinstance,whyshouldweassumethataHopiraisedintheHopiculturewouldhavethesameintuitionsabouttimethatwehave?

InHopihistory,ifrecordshadbeenwritten,wewouldfindadifferentsetofculturalandenvironmentalinfluencesworkingtogether.TheHopipeopleareapeacefulagriculturalsocietyisolatedbygeographicfeatureandnomadenemiesinalandoflittlerainfall.Theiragricultureissuccessfulonlybythegreatestperseverance.Extensivepreparationsareneededtoensurecropgrowth.ThustheHopivaluepersistenceandrepetitioninactivity.Theyhaveasenseofthecumulativevalueofnumerous,small,repeatedmovements,fortothemsuchmovementsarenotwastedbutarestoreduptomakechangesinlaterevents.TheHopihavenointuitionoftimeasmotion,asasmoothflowinglineonwhicheverythingintheuniverseproceedsatanequalrateawayfromapast,throughapresent,intoaforeseeablefuture.

LongandcarefulstudyoftheHopilanguagehasrevealedthatitcontainsnowords,grammaticalforms,constructions,orexpressionsthatrefertowhatwecalltime-thepast,present,orfuture-ortothedurationorlastingaspectoftime.TotheHopi,"time"isa"gettinglater"ofeverythingthathasbeendone,sothatpastandpresentmergetogether.TheHopidonots