副词.docx
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副词
副词常见题型有选择填空、单词拼写、词形转换、句型转换和汉语句子翻译等。
做这类题时,必须首先了解副词的构成及各自的用法,比较等级的演变,疑问副词的用法,并根据题意选准级别及各种句式间的互变规律等。
名称
例词
在句子中的位置
时间
副词
today,early,soon,now,then,recently,still,now,late,tomorrow,before,ever,just
时间副词,尤其是表示具体时间的副词,一般放在句首或句尾。
例如:
Hewillbebacktomorrow.Yesterdayweallwenttothepark.
地点
副词
地点副词:
downstairs,here,
somewhere,there
地点副词常置于句尾,有时可置于句首,一般不置于句中。
几个地点状语连用时,大地方放在最后。
地点副词在时间副词之前。
Thechildrenareplayingdownstairs.Pleasegostraightdownthestreet.
HerepeoplearepracticingspeakingEnglish.
方向副词:
off,down,up,out
方式
副词
well,fast,carefully,slowly,quickly
常放在宾语/不及物动词之后。
Themonkeysateupthebananasquickly.
程度
副词
verymuch,still,too,enough,quite,almost,ratherlittle,yet,already
常放在动词、形容词或其他副词前面,very常与much连用并置于句末,enough放在所修饰形容词的后面,very,quite不能修饰动词。
频度
副词
often,usually,always,never,hardlysometimes,seldom,everyday,
常放在动词前,系动词、助动词、情态动词后。
sometimes常置句首。
SheisseldomoutonSundays.Ioftengooutforawalkaftersupper.
疑问
副词
how,when,where,why
主要用来引导特殊疑问句,放在句首.Whereareyougoingforvacation?
Whywereyoulateforourmeetinglastnight?
关系
副词
when,where,why
用来引导定语从句。
Wevisitedthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.
IneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.
连接
副词
how,when,where,why,whether
用来引导从句或与不定式连用。
That’swhyit’sonthenews.
Doyouknowhowtooperatethemachine?
(1)副词用法
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,有时也修饰名词,表示时间、地点、方式、程度、动作、频度等,在句中主要用作状语。
副词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语。
副词修饰形容词或另一个副词时,常放在修饰词之前;作定语,副词常常后置;修饰全句的副词,放在句首或句末。
1)时间副词
1.ago“之前”只能用于过去时,before用于过去时,也可用于完成时。
2.ever“曾经”一般要放在动词前面,用于疑问句或带if的肯定句中或含hardly等否定意义的肯定句中;它不用于现在完成时的简略回答,而要用Yes,Ihave或No,never表示。
hardlyever:
几乎从不
Theoldmanhardlyevergoesout.“Haveyoueverbeentothenewlibrary?
”“No,never”.
3.assoonas…“一…就”,as+形/副词+aspossible“尽可能…”
2)方式副词:
由形容词加+ly、分词加+ly或其他
被动语态中,方式副词一般放在be与谓语动词之间。
Englishiswidelyspokenintheworldtoday.
3)程度副词
1.already和yet的区别
already用于陈述句,一般用于句中,但不能和时间状语放在一起,译为“已经”;
Thetrainhasalreadyarrived.Ihavealreadyreadthebook.
yet用来谈某事在预料之中,用于疑问句时译为“已经”,但用在否定句中则译为“尚未,还没有”,一般都放于句末。
Haveyoufoundyourbookyet?
Ihavenotfinishedmy
homeworkyet.
2.“也”too肯定句尾,逗号隔开;also用于肯定句中;either用于否定句尾,也用逗号隔开;aswell句尾,不用逗号;
3.very修饰形、副词原级,much修饰形、副词比较级;more/most+原级
4.be(well)worthdoing“值得做某事”,主动形式表示被动含义
5.almost/nearly“几乎将近”,可互换,只almost+否定词almostno=hardlyany“几乎没有
6.abit与alittle修饰原级/比较级,可互换,alittle+名词=abit+of+名词(不可/复数)
但是,notabit(=notatall)意为“根本不”,notalittle意为“非常,不是一点”
4)频率副词
1.hard副词“努力地,猛烈地”形容词“硬的,困难的”,hardly是否定词,“几乎不”
2.sometimes(有时)sometime(某时)sometimes(数次)sometime(一些时间)
5)其他
1.how、what用于感叹句的用法:
how+形、副词what+名词
2.howsoon“多久以后”,用于将来时态,对in+一段时间提问;
howmuch“多么,多少”,对程度进行提问,也可以对数量或金钱提问
3.nomore、nolonger、not...anymore、no...anylonger“再也不”区别忽略不计
4.“更远”表距离farther与further同义,但further表“进一步、额外”等时不换
(2)形容词变为副词规则
1.一般直接加-ly:
quick―quickly;bad―badly,usual-usually
3.以y结尾且发音为[i]的把y变为i再加-ly,happy―happily;heavy―heavily;angry―angrily;
若读音为[aI],则直接加-ly,shy―shyly;dry―dryly
4.结尾是辅音字母加le的形容词去e加y:
terrible―terribly;possible―possibly;probable―probably
但,不是所有以-ly结尾的单词都是副词,某些名词后加-ly可转化为形容词,如sisterly,brotherly,friendly,comradely,lovely,lonely,costly,lively…monthly,而且有些词既是副词,又是形容词,如early,hourly,monthly,weekly…
(3)副词比较等级
1.一般在副词前加more/most变为比较级/最高级。
Clearly-moreclearly-mostclearly;easily-moreeasily-mosteasily
2.少数既可作形容词也可作副词的在词尾加-er/-est。
hard-harder-hardest;fast-faster-fastest
3.副词的原级
A.as+副词原级+as“与…一样”B.notas(so)+副词原级+as“与…不一样”
C.too+副词原级+todosth.“太…而不能”D.so+副词原级+that从句“如此…以致于…”
E.副词原级+enoughtodosth.“足够…能做…”
4.副词的比较级
A.A+动词+副词比较级+than+B
B.比较级+and+比较级,或是moreandmore+原级形式”:
“越来越…”,themore…themore…:
“越…就越…”
C.含有介词短语...ofthetwo或both/either/neither/twins/ofthetwo等表两者词时,用“the+比较级”
D.副词比较级前也可以用much,yet,even,still,far,any,agreatdeal,alittle,abit,alot等修饰
5.副词的最高级
A.三者或三者以上比较用最高级,并和in或of连用,in前后不同类,of前后同类
B.副词最高级前通常不加定冠词theC.能修饰最高级的有:
thevery,muchthe,far等
(4)同义句转换
A.原级与比较级互相转换:
notsoas...as..与...than...的转换
B.最高级与比较级互相转换:
the+最高级与thanany(other)+可单的转换
C.too...to,so...that,not...enoughto的转换D.favorite与like...best之间的转换
(1)时间副词
1.Ofalltheattendants(应试者),I’dliketoacceptTom____becauseofhisbadworkingrecords.【2007德州,25】
A.firstB.bestC.lastD.only
2.Bequick!
Thegamewillbegin______.【2013天津,27】
A.immediatelyB.recentlyC.carefullyD.Luckily
3.______aftertheexplosionhappenedinafactoryinDehui,JilinonJune3rd,alotoffiremenrushedtoputoutthefire.
A.SadlyB.SoftlyC.ShortlyD.Suddenlyshortlyafter“不久以后”
(2)地点副词
1.—Jack,Ihavetohaveatalkwithyourfathertoday.【2013山西,19】
—Sorry,MrsKing.Heisgoingonbusinessandwon’tbe________untilnextweek.
A.outB.awayC.back
(3)方式副词
1.Icarriedthebowlwithbothhands________,sothatIwouldn’tbreakit.【2013山东德州,21】
A.carefullyB.happilyC.quicklyD.carelessly
2.MyteacheraskedmeifIwasworriedaboutthetestandIsaid“No”.But______Iwas.【2006山东德州,34】
A.reallyB.hardlyC.badlyD.nearly
3.--Howmuchwillyoubepaid?
【2008山东德州,34】
--Judy,Idon'tdoitformoney,butforexperience.,it'svoluntary(志愿的)work.
A.HoweverB.BesidesC.FinallyD.Possibly
4.Thebagthatmygrandpamadeforme______getsoutofstyle,butitisstillthebestthinginmymind.【2011·山西,2】
A.usuallyB.normallyC.gradually
5.Thebabyissleeping.pleasespeak______.【2013山东聊城,27】
A.loudly.B.clearly.C.quietly.D.politely.
6.—Excuseme,wouldyoupleasespeakalittlemore?
【2013湖北襄阳,29】
—Sorry,Ithoughtyoucouldfollowme.
A.sadlyB.quicklyC.slowlyD.politely
7.Don’ttalk______.Yourgrandmotherissleepingnow.【2013广西贺州,40】
A.loudB.hardlyC.loudlyD.hard
8.Couldyoupleasespeakalittlemore_______?
Ican’tfollowyou.【2013浙江宁波,29】
A.quietlyB.quicklyC.loudlyD.slowly
9.Wecanhardlybelievethatyoulearntodanceso_.【2013河北,42】
A.quickB.quicklyC.usefulD.usefully
10.Itis______thatMr.Guosailedacrosstheworldbyhimself______withinabout130days【2013山东青岛,12】
A.terrified,successfulB.scary,successfullyC.amazing,successfullyD.convincing,successful
11.—Thegirlsaretalkingabouttheartfestival.【2013浙江温州,7】
—Yes.Theyhavesomanyfunthingstoshare.
A.easilyB.angrilyC.sadlyD.happily
12.MyoldneighborCharlesfelt_______afterhischildrenmovedout.【2013上海,39】
A.lonelyB.safelyC.angrilyD.happily
13.OnJune29,2012,China’sShenzhou-9spacecraftlanded________atthemainlandingareainnorthernChina’sInnerMongolia(内蒙古).【2013黑龙江绥化,25】
A.safeB.safelyC.safety
14—whyareyoudrivingso____.Tony?
I'mfeelingsick.【2012浙江丽水,23】
—Sorry,butthetrainisleavingin20minutes.Wehavetohurry.
A.oftenB.fastC.hardD.slowly
15.Hisgrandparentslive____inasmallhouse,buttheydon’tfeel_____.【2012贵州安顺,22】
A.lonely;aloneB.alone;lonelyC.lonely;lonelyD.alone;alone
16.Thesunisshining.You'dbetterwearsunglasseswhileyouareout.【2013漳州,18】
A.brightlyB.lightlyC.heavily
17.Sometimesitrains_________inGuizhouinsummer.【2013黔西南,121】
A.heavilyB.heavy
C.strongD.Strongly
18.Peoplecarelotaboutfoodsafety,fortheywanttoeat___________.【2013佛山,133】
A.healthB.healthyC.healthily
19.Ifyouareunderstress,youneedtotake_______careofyourbody.【2010山东德州,33】
A.especiallygoodB.goodespeciallyC.wellespeciallyD.especiallywell
20.ThecityofHarbinisbeautifulalltheyeararound,______inwinter.Icelanternsdecoratestreetsandattractplentyoftourists.【2013黑龙江哈尔滨,23】
A.especiallyB.generallyC.probably
21.Hishandbagwasstolenonhiswaybackhome._______,hiskeyswereonhim.【2009山东德州,28】
A.SurprisinglyB.SadlyC.LuckilyD.Hopefully
22.MyunclelosthisIDcardyesterdaymorning.___________,aschoolboyfounditandsentitbacktohimintheafternoon.【2013山东济南,42】
A.LoudlyB.ClearlyC.NearlyD.Luckily
23.Thefirelastnightdestroyedmanybuildings.,noonewaskilled.【2012浙江嘉兴,24】
A.ActuallyB.SimplyC.LuckilyD.Immediately
24.InChinaitisacustomtogivekidsluckymoney,______duringtheSpringFestival.【2011丽水,3】
A.finallyB.luckilyC.simplyD.especially
(5)频率副词
1.I________gotothetheatre,becauseIdon’tlikeoperasatall.【2011山东德州,22】
A.alwaysB.oftenC.sometimesD.never
2.IfeltabitcuriousandnervousbecauseIhad_____metthatfamousman.【2010山东德州,23】
A.everB.neverC.evenD.stll
3.—Howoftendoyouexercise?
—_______ever.BecauseIamverybusywithmywork.【2012·荆州,1】
A.HardlyB.NearlyC.AlwaysD.Almost
4.Speakaloud,please!
Ican________hearyou.【2013山东莱芜,32】
A.usuallyB.almostC.hardlyD.nearly
5.Davidwassoexcitedatthegoodnewsthathecouldsayaword.【2013山东临沂,24】
A.nearlyB.hardC.everD.hardly
6.Idon’tthinkfastfoodisgoodforourhealth,soI________eatit.【2013四川南充,25】
A.usuallyB.hardlyC.always
7.ShealwaysdoesverywellintheEnglishexams.Butshecan_____understandEnglish.【2013江西,27】
A.alwaysB.hardlyC.alreadyD.easily
8.—Didyougotothecinematosee3DTitaniclastnight?
—No,I______gotothecinema.Theticketsaretooexpensive.【2013湖北随州,28】
A.hardlyB.nearlyC.stillD.Only
9.—Lookatthebirdoverthere!
It’ssobeautiful!
—Wow!
It’sararecrane.Itappearsinthisarea.【2013江苏无锡,2】
A.alwaysB.usuallyC.seldomD.often
10.Myuncledoesn'tlikefastfood,sohe________eatsit.【2013江苏淮安,5】
A.alwaysB.oftenC.sometimesD.seldom
11.—Doyoulikeseeingamovieonyourmobilephone?
—No.I______dothatbecauseitmakesmeuncomfortable.【201