高考英语阅读理解C专练5篇.docx

高考英语阅读理解C专练5篇.docx

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2020版《3年高考2年模拟》（二轮）专有资源

Passage1（2017江苏,C）

阅读理解C专练5篇

12/12

Anewcommoditybringsaboutahighlyprofitable,fast-growingindustry,urgingantitrust（反垄断）regulatorstostepintocheckthosewhocontrolitsflow.Acenturyago,the

resourceinquestionwasoil.Nowsimilarconcernsarebeingraisedbythegiants（巨头）thatdeal

indata,theoilofthedigitalage.ThemostvaluablefirmsareGoogle,Amazon,FacebookandMicrosoft.Alllookunstoppable.

Suchsituationshaveledtocallsforthetechgiantstobebrokenup.Butsizealoneisnotacrime.Thegiants’successhasbenefitedconsumers.Fewwanttolivewithoutsearchenginesoraquickdelivery.Farfromchargingconsumershighprices,manyoftheseservicesarefree（userspay,ineffect,byhandingoveryetmoredata）.Andtheappearanceofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.

Butthereiscauseforconcern.Theinternethasmadedataabundant,all-presentandfarmorevaluable,changingthenatureofdataandcompetition.Googleinitiallyusedthedatacollectedfromuserstotargetadvertisingbetter.Butrecentlyithasdiscoveredthatdatacanbeturnedintonewservices:

translationandvisualrecognition,tobesoldtoothercompanies.Internetcompanies’controlofdatagivesthemenormouspower.Sotheyhavea“God’seyeview”ofactivitiesintheirownmarketsandbeyond.

Thisnatureofdatamakestheantitrustmeasuresofthepastlessuseful.BreakingupfirmslikeGoogleintofivesmalloneswouldnotstopremakingthemselves:

intime,oneofthemwouldbecomegreatagain.Arethinkisrequired—andasanewapproachstartstobecomeapparent,twoideasstandout.

Thefirstisthatantitrustauthoritiesneedtomovefromtheindustrialageintothe21stcentury.Whenconsideringamerger（兼并）,forexample,theyhavetraditionallyusedsizetodeterminewhentostepin.Theynowneedtotakeintoaccounttheextentoffirms’dataassets（资

产）whenassessingtheimpactofdeals.Thepurchasepricecouldalsobeasignalthatanestablishedcompanyisbuyinganew-bornthreat.Whenthistakesplace,especiallywhena

new-borncompanyhasnorevenuetospeakof,theregulatorsshouldraiseredflags.

Thesecondprincipleistoloosenthecontrolthatprovidersofon-lineserviceshaveoverdataandgivemoretothosewhosupplythem.Companiescouldbeforcedtorevealtoconsumerswhatinformationtheyholdandhowmuchmoneytheymakefromit.Governmentscouldorderthesharingofcertainkindsofdata,withusers’consent.

Restartingantitrustfortheinformationagewillnotbeeasy.Butifgovernmentsdon’twantadataeconomycontrolledbyafewgiants,theymustactsoon.

1.Whyisthereacalltobreakupgiants?

A.Theyhavecontrolledthedatamarket.

B.Theycollectenormousprivatedata.

C.Theynolongerprovidefreeservices.

D.Theydismissedsomenew-borngiants.

2.WhatdoesthetechnologicalinnovationinParagraph3indicate?

A.Datagiants’technologyisveryexpensive.

B.Google’sideaispopularamongdatafirms.

C.Datacanstrengthengiants’controllingposition.

D.Datacanbeturnedintonewservicesorproducts.

3.Bypayingattentiontofirms’dataassets,antitrustregulatorscould .A.killanewthreat B.avoidthesizetrap

C.favourbiggerfirms D.chargehigherprices

4.Whatisthepurposeoflooseningthegiants’controlofdata?

A.Bigcompaniescouldrelievedatasecuritypressure.

B.Governmentscouldrelievetheirfinancialpressure.C.Consumerscouldbetterprotecttheirprivacy.

D.Smallcompaniescouldgetmoreopportunities.

答案

[语篇解读]本文为说明文,属于社科类文章。

文章说明了人们在受益于大数据的同时,还成就了一些通过数据发财的商业巨头。

为了防止这些巨头控制某一领域和市场,政府需要采取行动。

1.A 推理判断题。

根据第二段第一句中的“Suchsituation”可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场,故答案为A项。

2.C 细节理解题。

根据第三段最后两句可知答案是C项。

3.B 细节理解题。

根据第五段第二、三句可知选B项。

4.D 推理判断题。

根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,故选D

项。

Passage2（2018江苏,C）

Ifyouwanttodisturbthecarindustry,you’dbetterhaveafewbilliondollars:

Mom-and-popcarmakersareunlikelytobeatthebiggestcarcompanies.Butinagriculture,smallfarmerscangetthebestofthemajorplayers.Byconnectingdirectlywithcustomers,andbyrespondingquickly

tochangesinthemarketsaswellasintheecosystems（生态系统）,smallfarmerscankeeponestepaheadofthebigguys.Astheco-founderoftheNationalYoungFarmersCoalition（NYFC,美国青年农会）andafamilyfarmermyself,Ihaveafront-rowseattotheinnovationsamong

smallfarmersthataretransformingtheindustry.

Forexample,taketheQuickCutGreensHarvester,atooldevelopedjustacoupleofyearsagobyayoungfarmer,JonathanDysinger,inTennessee,withasmallloanfromalocalSlowMoneygroup.Itenablessmall-scalefarmerstoharvest175poundsofgreenvegetablesperhour—ahugeimprovementoverharvestingjustafewdozenpoundsbyhand—suddenlymakingitpossibleforthelittleguystocompetewithlargefarmsofCalifornia.Beforethetoolcameout,smallfarmerscouldn’ttouchthepriceperpoundofferedbyCaliforniafarms.Butnow,withthecombinationofabetterpricepointandagenerallyfresherproduct,theycanstayinbusiness.

Thesustainablesuccessofsmallfarmers,though,won’thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.Onecrucialfactorissecureaccesstoland.Competitionfrominvestors,developers,andestablishedlargefarmersmakesowningone’sownlandunattainableformanynewfarmers.From2004to2013,agriculturallandvaluesdoubled,andtheycontinuetoriseinmanyregions.

Anotherchallengeformorethanamillionofthemostqualifiedfarmworkersandmanagersisanon-existentpathtocitizenship—thegreatestbarriertobuildingafarmoftheirown.Withfarmersovertheageof65outnumbering（多于）farmersyoungerthan35bysixtoone,andwith

two-thirdsofthenation’sfarmlandinneedofanewfarmer,wemustclearthepathfortalentedpeoplewillingtogrowthenation’sfood.

Therearesolutionsthatcouldlightapathtowardamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy,butfarmerscan’tclumsilyputthemtogetherbeforeus.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation,aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmersfromallbackgrounds.WithanewfarmbilltobedebatedinCongress,consumersmusttakeastandwithyoungfarmers.

1.Theauthormentionscarindustryatthebeginningofthepassagetointroduce .A.theprogressmadeincarindustry

B.aspecialfeatureofagriculture

C.atrendofdevelopmentinagricultureD.theimportanceofinvestingincarindustry

2.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoillustratewiththeexampleinparagraph2?

A.Loanstosmalllocalfarmersarenecessary.

B.Technologyisvitalforagriculturaldevelopment.C.Competitionbetweensmallandbigfarmsisfierce.D.Smallfarmersmaygainsomeadvantagesoverbigones.3.Whatisthedifficultyforthosenewfarmers?

A.Togainmorefinancialaid.

B.Tohiregoodfarmmanagers.

C.Tohavefarmsoftheirown.

D.Towinoldfarmers’support.

4.Whatshouldfarmersdoforamoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy?

A.SeeksupportbeyondNYFC.

B.Expandfarmlandconservation.C.BecomemembersofNYFC.

D.Investmoretoimprovetechnology.

答案

[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。

小规模农场主通过自身对行业的快速反应、使用快速收割机等手段在效率方面也不输于大规模农场主。

但是现在的农业也面临一些困难,为了有一个更可持续的、更公平的农业经济局面,美国青年农会要获得更多的支持。

1.B细节理解题。

题干意思是:

作者在文章开头提到汽车行业是为了引出。

根据第一段可知,作者提及汽车行业是为了引出农业的特点,故选B。

2.D推理判断题。

题干意思是:

在第二段通过举例作者想说明什么?

由第二段内容可知,作者举例说明了在使用快速收割工具前后,小规模耕作生产效率的变化。

故选D。

3.C细节理解题。

题干意思是:

对于新一代农民来说他们的困难是什么?

根据第三段第二句话“一个重要因素就是确保土地的利用。

”和第四段第一句话“对于超过一百万的最有资质的农民和经理的又一个挑战就是没有公民渠道——建设自己的农场的最大障碍。

”可知,应该选C项。

4.A 细节理解题。

根据题干关键词“amoresustainableandfairfarmeconomy（一个更可持续、更公平的农场经济）”可把答案定位在最后一段。

文章第一段最后一句说明了美国青年农会（NYFC）的功能,最后一段第二句话中的“当我们督促议会去加强农耕地保护的同时,我们需要更广泛的支持”可知答案应该选A。

Passage3（2015江苏,C）

Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.

Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.

Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor（e.g.,“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome”）toanexternalfactor（e.g.,“IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso”）.When

thathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.

Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?

Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemthey