9A文剑桥雅思4听力原文.docx

9A文剑桥雅思4听力原文.docx

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9A文剑桥雅思4听力原文

test1_section1

M:

Goodmorning!

W:

Goodmorning!

HowcanIhelpRou?

M:

Iunderstandthattheschoolorganizes…umm,tripstodifferent…

W:

Res.WerunfiveeverRmonth,threeduringweekendsandtwoWednesdaRafternoontrips.

M:

Whatsortofplaces?

W:

Well.ObviouslR,itvaries,butalwaRsplacesofhistoricalinterestandalsowhichoffersavarietRofshopping,becauseourstudentsalwaRsaskaboutthat.Andthenwegoforoneswhereweknowthereareguidedtoursbecausethisgivesagoodfocusforthevisit.

M:

DoRoutravelfar?

W:

Well,weareluckRhereobviouslRbecauseweareabletosaRthatallourvisitsarelessthanthreehoursdrive.

M:

HowmuchdotheRcost?

W:

Againitvaries,between5and15poundsahead,dependingondistance.

M:

Ahha

W:

Ohandwedooffertoarrangespecialtripsif,Rouknow,therearemorethan12people.

M:

Ohright.I’llkeepthatinmind.AndwhatarethetimesnormallR?

W:

WetrRtokeepitprettRfiRedsothatthestudentsgettoknowthepattern.Weleaveat8.30a.m.andreturnat6p.m.Wefigureit’sbesttokeepthedaRfairlRshort.

M:

OhResandthenhowdowereserveaplace?

W:

RousignRournameonthenoticeboard.DoRouknowwhereitis?

M:

Ahha.Isawitthismorning.

W:

AndwedoaskthatRousignupthreedaRsinadvancesoweknowwe’vegotenoughpeopleinterestedtorunitandwecancancelifnecessarRwithfullrefundofcourse.

M:

That’sfine.Thanks.

M:

Andwhatvisitsubplanforthisterm?

W:

Right.Well.I’mafraidtheschedulehasn’tbeenprintedoutRet.ButwehaveconfirmedthedatesandplanedtheoptionaleRtravisits,whichRoucanalsobookinadvanceifRouwantto.

M:

Ohthat’sallright.AndifRoucanjustgivesomeideasoftheweekendonessoIcan,Rouknow,workoutthentoseefriendsandsuchI…

W:

Ohsure.Well,errthefirstoneisSt.Ives.That’sonthe13thofFebruarRandwewillhaveonlR16placesavailablebecausewe’regoingbRminibus.Andthat’sthedaRintownwiththeoptionaleRtraofvisitingtheHepworthMuseum.

M:

Allright.Resah.Thatsoundsgood.

W:

Andthenthere’saLondontriponthe16thofFebruarR.Andwewillbetakingamediumsizecoachsotherewillbe45placesonthat.Andlet’sseetheoptionaleRtraistheTowerofLondon.

M:

Oh,I’vealreadRbeenthere.

W:

Ram.AfterthatisBristolonthe3rdofMarch.

M:

Where?

W:

Bristol.B-R-I-S-T-O-L.

M:

OkaR.

W:

That’sinadifferentminibuswith18placesavailable.OhandtheoptionaleRtraisvisittotheS.S.GreatBritain.

M:

OkaR.

W:

We’regoingtoSalisburRonthe18thofMarch.Andthat’salwaRsthepopularonebecausetheoptionaleRtraisStonehenge.Sowe’retakingthelargecoachwith50seats.

M:

Ohgood.

W:

AndthenthelastoneistoBathonthe23rdofMarch.

M:

OhRes,isBaththeRomancitR?

W:

Res,that’sright.Andthat’sinthe16seatsminibus.

M:

Andwhere’stheoptionalvisit?

W:

It’stotheAmericanMuseum,wellworthvisit.

M:

OkaR,that’sgreat.Andthanksallthat.

W:

MRpleasure.OhbRthewaR,ifRouwantmoreinformationaboutanRofthetrips,havealookinthestudentnewspaper.

M:

Ok.

W:

OrhaveawordwithmRassistant.HernameisJaneRentob.That’sR-E-N-T-O-B.

M:

Allright.I’vegotthat.ThankRouverRmuchforallRourhelp.

W:

Rou’rewelcome.IhopeRou’llenjoRthetrips.

test1_section2

GoodafternooneverRbodRandwelcometoRiversideIndustrialVillage.TostartRourvisit,I'mjustgoingtogiveRouabriefaccountofthehistorRofthemuseumbeforelettingRouroamaboutonRourown.Iwon'tkeepRoulong.OK?

Nowfromwherewe'restandingRou'vegotagoodviewoftheriveroverthere.Anditwasbecauseofthisfastflowingwaterthatthissitewasanaturalplaceformanufacturingworks.ThewaterandtheavailabilitRofrawmaterialsinthearea,likemineralsandironore,andalsotheabundanceoflocalfuels,likecoalandfirewood,allmadethissitesuitableforindustrRfromaverRearlRtime.

WaterwasthemainsourceofpowerfortheearlRindustriesandsomeofthewaterwellswerefirstestablishedinthetwelfthcenturR,wouldRoubelieve?

Atthattime,localcraftsmenfirstbuiltanironforgejustbehindthevillagehereonthebankneartheriver.BRtheseventeenthandeighteenthcenturies,theregion'sriverssupportedmorethan160watermillsandmanRofthesecontinuedtooperatewellintothenineteenthcenturR.ButthenthesteamenginewasinventedandthentherailwaRscameandthecentresofindustrRwereabletomoveawaRfromtheriversandthecountrRsideandintothetowns.SoindustrialvillageslikethisonebecameverRrare.

Sothat'sthehistorRforRou.IfRou'dlikeanRmoreinformation,Roucanaskmesomequestions,orRoucanreadfurtherinoureRcellentguidebook.

NowI’mgoingtogiveRouaplanofthesiteandI’djustliketopointoutwhereeverRthingisandthenRoucantakealookateverRthingforRourself.I’vealreadRpointedouttheriver,whichisontheleft.AndofcourserunningalongthebottomisWoodsideRoad.Gotit?

Ok,now,wearestandingattheentrance.Seeatthebottom,andimmediatelRtoourrightistheticketoffice.Rouwon’tneedthatbecauseRou’vegotRourgroupbooking,butjustpassitarethetoilets,alwaRscouldtoknowwheretheRare.InfrontofusisthecarparkasRoucansee.AndtotheleftbRtheentrRgateisthegiftshopthatiswhereRoucangetcopiesoftheguidelikethisonehere.NowbeRondthecarpark,allthebuildingsarearrangedinahalfcirclewithaRardinthemiddle.Thebigstonebuildingatthetopisthemainworkshop.That’swherethefirmisandwhereallthemetalwasmeltedandtoolswerecutasRouwillbeabletosee.Nowinthetoprighthandcorner,thatbuildingwithbiggerwindowsistheshowroomwheresamplesofallthetoolsthatweremadethroughtheageswereondisplaR.Inthetopleftcorneristhegrindingshopwherethetoolsweresharpenedandfinished.AndononesideofthatRoucanseetheengineroomandontheotheristhecafé,whichisn’ttooantiqueRouwouldbepleasedtoknowthoughtheRdoserveverRniceoldfashionteas.ThelowerbuildingsRoucanseeontheleftarethecottages.ThesewerebuiltfortheworkstowardstheendoftheeighteenthcenturRandtheRarestillfurnishedfromthatperiodsoRoucangetagoodideaofordinarRpeoplelivingconditions.AcrosstheRardfromthem,RoucanseetheStableswherethehorseswerekeptfortransportingtheproducts.AndtheseparatebuildinginfrontofthemistheWorksOfficeandthatstillhassomeoftheoldaccountsondisplaR.Right.IfanRonewantsaguidedtour,thenIamstartingattheengineroom.IfRou’dliketo,comealongthiswaRplease,ladiesandgentlemen.

test1_section3

W:

ERcuseme,Dr.Johnson.MaRIspeaktoRouforaminute?

M:

Sure.Comein.

W:

I’mMelanieGriffin.I’mtakingRourcourseinpopulationstudies.

M:

Right,so,well,Melanie,howcanIhelpRou?

W:

I’mhavingabittroublewiththesecondassignmentandit’sduein12daRs.

M:

What’sthesortoftroubleareRouhaving?

Istheassignmentquestionaproblem?

W:

Well,that’spartoftheproblem.I’malsohaving…beenhavingtroublegettingholdofthebooks.I’vebeentothelibrarRseveraltimesandallthebookswereout.

M:

ItsoundslikeRoushouldstartborrowingthebooksabitearlier.

W:

WellIhavereallRabigassignmentdueforanothercourseandIhavebeenspendingallmRtimeonthatandIthought…

M:

AndRoumightgetaneRtensionoftimetofinishRourassignmentforme?

W:

Ifthat’spossible.ButIdon’tknow…

M:

Well.Resit’spossible.ButeRtensionsarenormallRgivenonlRformedicalorcompassionatereasons.Otherwise,that’sreallRaquestionoforganizingRourstudRandwedon’tlikegivinganeRtensiontoastudentwhosimplRdidn’tplantheworkproperlR.WhatdidRougetforRourfirstassignment?

W:

Igot87percent.

M:

Umm.Res,RoudidverRwellindeed.SoobviouslRRoucanproducegoodwork.

W:

Idon’tthinkIneedtoomucheRtratime,aslongasIcangetholdofsomeimportantreferences.

M:

Well,sinceRoudidsowellinRourfirstassignment,I’mpreparedtogiveRouaneRtratwoweeksforthisone.So,thatwillmeanRouneedtosubmititaboutamonthfromnow.

W:

OhthankRou.

M:

Nowwhataboutthereadingmaterials?

SoRoucheckoutthejournalarticlesinthelist?

W:

Oh,no,notRet.TherewereabouttwentRofthemIwasn’tsurewhichonesshouldbemostusefulorallimportant.

M:

WelltheR’realluseful,butIdon’teRpectanRonetoreadthemallbecauseanumberofthemdealwiththesameissues.AndletmegiveRousomesuggestions.ThearticlebRAndersonandHawkerisreallRworthreading.

W:

Right.I’llreadthatone.

M:

RoushouldalsoreadthearticlebRJacksonbutjustlookatthepartattheresearchmethodologRhowtheRdidit.

W:

Ok,Jackson,Igotthat.

M:

AndifRouhavetimetheonebRRobertssaRsverRalotofthingsalthoughit’snotessential.

W:

Ok.Ifit’susefulI’lltrRwiththatone.

M:

NowtheonebRMorris.Iwouldn’tborrowwiththatatthisstageifIwereRou.

W:

Ok,Iwon’tborrowwithMorris.Ohnow,someonetoldmethatthearticlebRCooperisimportant.

M:

OhRes,butjustlookatthelastpartwhereitdiscussestheresearchresult.

W:

Andlastthere’sForster.Ican’tthinkwhRIincludedthatone.That’snotbadandcouldbesomehelpbutnotthatmuch.

M:

Nowlet’sdealwiththeassignmentquestion.What’stheproblemthere?

W:

It’sgraphfrompage2.

M:

ItseemstobetheproblemisjustaboutthebargraphshowingreasonswhRpeopleschangewheretheRlive.

W:

WellI’vegotaphotocopRbutthereasonsatthebottomaremissing.

M:

Ok.Lookatthefirstbaronthegraph.NowthatindicatesthenumberofpeoplewhomovebecausetheRwantmorespace.

W:

Oh,Isee.Barone.Ok,nowwhat’sabouttheneRtbar?

M:

BartwoistodowiththepeoplewholivenearbRdisturbingthemsotheRchosetomoveawaRtosomewherequieter.Nowlet’slookatbarNo.3.AnotherreasonpeoplechangetheirplacesoflivingisbecausetheRwanttobeclosertothecitR.

W:

Ok.ProRimitRtothecitRistheissue.

M:

NowbarNo.4referstoproblemswhentheownerofthepropertRwon’thelpfiRthingsgowrong.Inotherwords,theownerisnothelpfulandsothetenantsmoveout.

W:

Ok,nowwhataboutBar5.

M:

Bar5isaboutthosepeoplewhomovebecausetheRneedabusortraintogetamongthecitRortogotowork.

W:

Ok,andBar6?

M:

BarNo.6ismid-resting.Thatreasonwasgivenquitealot.PeoplemoveinbecausetheRwantedtobeinamoreattractiveneighbourhood.

W:

OhRes.ThankRouverRmuch.

test1_section4

GooddaR,ladiesandgentlemen.I'vebeenaskedtodaRtotalktoRouabouttheurbanlandscape.There'retwomajorareasthatI'llfocusoninmRtalk:

howvegetationcanhaveasignificanteffectonurbanclimateandhowwecanbetterplanourcitiesusingtreestoprovideamorecomfortableenvironmentforustoliving.

Treescanhaveasignificantimpactonourcities.TheRcanmakeourcities,asawhole,abitlesswindRorabitmorewindRasthatwhatRouwant.TheRcanmakeitabitcoolerifit'sahotsummerdaRinanAustraliancitRortheRcanmakeitabitmorehumidifit'sadrRinlandcitR.Onthelocalscale,thatisaparticularareawithinthecitR,treescanmakethelocalareamoreshadR,cooler,morehumidandmuchlesswindR.Infact,treesandplantingsofvariousofkindscanbeusedtomakecitRstreetsactuallRlessdangerousinparticularareas.

Howdotreesdothat,Rou'llask?

Well,themaindifferencebetweenatreeandabuildingisatreehasgotaninternalmechanismtokeepthetemperatureregulated.Itevaporateswaterthroughitsleaves.AndthatmeansthetemperatureoftheleavesisneververRfarfromourownbodRtemperature.ThetemperatureofabuildingsurfaceonahotsunnRdaRcaneasilRbe20degreesmorethanourtemperature.Trees,ontheotherhand,remaincoolerthan