剑桥雅思4听力原文.docx

剑桥雅思4听力原文.docx

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剑桥雅思4听力原文

剑桥雅思4听力原文

test1_section1

M:

Goodmorning!

W:

Goodmorning!

HowcanIhelpyou?

M:

Iunderstandthattheschoolorganizes…umm,tripstodifferent…

W:

Yes.Werunfiveeverymonth,threeduringweekendsandtwoWednesdayafternoontrips.

M:

Whatsortofplaces?

W:

Well.Obviously,itvaries,butalwaysplacesofhistoricalinterestandalsowhichoffersavarietyofshopping,becauseourstudentsalwaysaskaboutthat.Andthenwegoforoneswhereweknowthereareguidedtoursbecausethisgivesagoodfocusforthevisit.

M:

Doyoutravelfar?

W:

Well,weareluckyhereobviouslybecauseweareabletosaythatallourvisitsarelessthanthreehoursdrive.

M:

Howmuchdotheycost?

W:

Againitvaries,between5and15poundsahead,dependingondistance.

M:

Ahha

W:

Ohandwedooffertoarrangespecialtripsif,youknow,therearemorethan12people.

M:

Ohright.I’llkeepthatinmind.Andwhatarethetimesnormally?

W:

Wetrytokeepitprettyfixedsothatthestudentsgettoknowthepattern.Weleaveat8.30a.m.andreturnat6p.m.Wefigureit’sbesttokeepthedayfairlyshort.

M:

Ohyesandthenhowdowereserveaplace?

W:

Yousignyournameonthenoticeboard.Doyouknowwhereitis?

M:

Ahha.Isawitthismorning.

W:

Andwedoaskthatyousignupthreedaysinadvancesoweknowwe’vegotenoughpeopleinterestedtorunitandwecancancelifnecessarywithfullrefundofcourse.

M:

That’sfine.Thanks.

M:

Andwhatvisitsubplanforthisterm?

W:

Right.Well.I’mafraidtheschedulehasn’tbeenprintedoutyet.Butwehaveconfirmedthedatesandplanedtheoptionalextravisits,whichyoucanalsobookinadvanceifyouwantto.

M:

Ohthat’sallright.AndifyoucanjustgivesomeideasoftheweekendonessoIcan,youknow,workoutthentoseefriendsandsuchI…

W:

Ohsure.Well,errthefirstoneisSt.Ives.That’sonthe13thofFebruaryandwewillhaveonly16placesavailablebecausewe’regoingbyminibus.Andthat’sthedayintownwiththeoptionalextraofvisitingtheHepworthMuseum.

M:

Allright.Yesah.Thatsoundsgood.

W:

Andthenthere’saLondontriponthe16thofFebruary.Andwewillbetakingamediumsizecoachsotherewillbe45placesonthat.Andlet’sseetheoptionalextraistheTowerofLondon.

M:

Oh,I’vealreadybeenthere.

M:

Andyoumightgetanextensionoftimetofinishyourassignmentforme?

W:

Ifthat’spossible.ButIdon’tknow…

M:

Well.Yesit’spossible.Butextensionsarenormallygivenonlyformedicalorcompassionatereasons.Otherwise,that’sreallyaquestionoforganizingyourstudyandwedon’tlikegivinganextensiontoastudentwhosimplydidn’tplantheworkproperly.Whatdidyougetforyourfirstassignment?

W:

Igot87percent.

M:

Umm.Yes,youdidverywellindeed.Soobviouslyyoucanproducegoodwork.

W:

Idon’tthinkIneedtoomuchextratime,aslongasIcangetholdofsomeimportantreferences.

M:

Well,sinceyoudidsowellinyourfirstassignment,I’mpreparedtogiveyouanextratwoweeksforthisone.So,thatwillmeanyouneedtosubmititaboutamonthfromnow.

W:

Ohthankyou.

M:

Nowwhataboutthereadingmaterials?

Soyoucheckoutthejournalarticlesinthelist?

W:

Oh,no,notyet.TherewereabouttwentyofthemIwasn’tsurewhichonesshouldbemostusefulorallimportant.

M:

Wellthey’realluseful,butIdon’texpectanyonetoreadthemallbecauseanumberofthemdealwiththesameissues.Andletmegiveyousomesuggestions.ThearticlebyAndersonandHawkerisreallyworthreading.

W:

Right.I’llreadthatone.

M:

YoushouldalsoreadthearticlebyJacksonbutjustlookatthepartattheresearchmethodologyhowtheydidit.

W:

Ok,Jackson,Igotthat.

M:

AndifyouhavetimetheonebyRobertssaysveryalotofthingsalthoughit’snotessential.

W:

Ok.Ifit’susefulI’lltrywiththatone.

M:

NowtheonebyMorris.Iwouldn’tborrowwiththatatthisstageifIwereyou.

W:

Ok,Iwon’tborrowwithMorris.Ohnow,someonetoldmethatthearticlebyCooperisimportant.

M:

Ohyes,butjustlookatthelastpartwhereitdiscussestheresearchresult.

W:

Andlastthere’sForster.Ican’tthinkwhyIincludedthatone.That’snotbadandcouldbesomehelpbutnotthatmuch.

M:

Nowlet’sdealwiththeassignmentquestion.What’stheproblemthere?

W:

It’sgraphfrompage2.

M:

Itseemstobetheproblemisjustaboutthebargraphshowingreasonswhypeopleschangewheretheylive.

W:

WellI’vegotaphotocopybutthereasonsatthebottomaremissing.

M:

Ok.Lookatthefirstbaronthegraph.Nowthatindicatesthenumberofpeoplewhomovebecausetheywantmorespace.

W:

Oh,Isee.Barone.Ok,nowwhat’saboutthenextbar?

M:

Bartwoistodowiththepeoplewholivenearbydisturbingthemsotheychosetomoveawaytosomewherequieter.Nowlet’slookatbarNo.3.Anotherreasonpeoplechangetheirplacesoflivingisbecausetheywanttobeclosertothecity.

W:

Ok.Proximitytothecityistheissue.

M:

NowbarNo.4referstoproblemswhentheownerofthepropertywon’thelpfixthingsgowrong.Inotherwords,theownerisnothelpfulandsothetenantsmoveout.

W:

Ok,nowwhataboutBar5.

M:

Bar5isaboutthosepeoplewhomovebecausetheyneedabusortraintogetamongthecityortogotowork.

W:

Ok,andBar6?

M:

BarNo.6ismid-resting.Thatreasonwasgivenquitealot.Peoplemoveinbecausetheywantedtobeinamoreattractiveneighbourhood.

W:

Ohyes.Thankyouverymuch.

test1_section4

Goodday,ladiesandgentlemen.I'vebeenaskedtodaytotalktoyouabouttheurbanlandscape.There'retwomajorareasthatI'llfocusoninmytalk:

howvegetationcanhaveasignificanteffectonurbanclimateandhowwecanbetterplanourcitiesusingtreestoprovideamorecomfortableenvironmentforustoliving.

Treescanhaveasignificantimpactonourcities.Theycanmakeourcities,asawhole,abitlesswindyorabitmorewindyasthatwhatyouwant.Theycanmakeitabitcoolerifit'sahotsummerdayinanAustraliancityortheycanmakeitabitmorehumidifit'sadryinlandcity.Onthelocalscale,thatisaparticularareawithinthecity,treescanmakethelocalareamoreshady,cooler,morehumidandmuchlesswindy.Infact,treesandplantingsofvariousofkindscanbeusedtomakecitystreetsactuallylessdangerousinparticularareas.

Howdotreesdothat,you'llask?

Well,themaindifferencebetweenatreeandabuildingisatreehasgotaninternalmechanismtokeepthetemperatureregulated.Itevaporateswaterthroughitsleaves.Andthatmeansthetemperatureoftheleavesisneververyfarfromourownbodytemperature.Thetemperatureofabuildingsurfaceonahotsunnydaycaneasilybe20degreesmorethanourtemperature.Trees,ontheotherhand,remaincoolerthanbuildingsbecausetheysweat.Thismeanstheycanhumidifytheairandcoolit,apropertywhichcanbeexploitedtoimprovethelocalclimate.

Treescanalsohelpbreaktheforceofthewinds.Thereasonthathighbuildingsmaykeepwindieratgroundlevelisthatasthewindgoeshigherandhigher,itgoesfasterandfaster.Whenthewindhitsthebuilding,ithastogosomewhere.Someofitgoesoverthetopandsomegoesaroundthesidesofthebuilding,forcingthosehighlevelwindsdowntogroundlevel.Thatdoesn'thappenwhenyouhavetrees.Treesfilterthewindandconsiderablyreduceitpreventingthoseverylargestrongguststhatyousooftenfindaroundtallbuildings.

Anotherprobleminbuilt-upareasisthetrafficnoiseisintensifiedbytallbuildings.Byplantingabeltoftreesatthesideoftheroad,youcanmakethingsalittlequieterbutmuchofthevehiclenoisestillgoesthroughthetrees.Treescanalsohelpreducetheamountofnoiseinthesurroundings,althoughtheeffectisnotaslargeaspeoplewouldliketothink.Lowfrequencynoise,inparticular,justgoesthroughthetreesasthattheyaren'tthere.

Althoughtreescansignificantlyimprovethelocalclimate,theydo,however,takeupalotofspace.There'reroutesystemtoconsiderandbranchesblockingthewindowsandsoon.Itmaythereforebedifficulttofittreesintothelocallandscape.There'snotagreatdealyoucandoifyouhavewhatwecallastreetcanyon,awholesetofhigh-risesenclosedinthenarrowstreet.Treesneedwatertogrow.Theyalsoneedsomesunlighttogrowandyouneedroomtoputthem.Ifyouhavethechanceofknockingbuildingsdownandreplacingthem,thensuddenlyyoucanstartlookingatdifferentwaystodesignthestreetsandtointroduce...（End）

test2_section1

W:

Oh,Peter,thereyou're.It'sbeenages.Whatcatchessolong?

M:

Sorry,I'msolate,Sally.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?

W:

Halfanhour.Butitdoesn'tmatter.IhadacoffeeandIhadbeenreadingthisguidebookfortourists.Sitdown.

M:

Umm.

W:

Youlookveryhotandtired.Whatwouldyouliketodrink?

M:

I'dlovereallychillmineralwaterorsomething.Wouldyouhaveanothercoffee?

W:

Yes,I'll.Thewaitresswillbebackinamoment.Whyareyousolate.Didsomethinghappen?

M:

Yes.YouknowIwenttothebanktocashsomethingtraveller'scheques.WelltheexchangeratewaslookingveryhealthybutIwenttothetellertheytoldmethatthecomputersystemwastemporarilydown.Sotheycouldn'tdoanytransactions.TheysaidtheproblemwouldbefixedinafewminutessoIwaited.AndthenIstartedtalkingtoanotherguyinthebankandIforgotthetime.

W:

Oh,really?

Someoneyoumetinthebank.Doesheworkthere?

M:

No,hewasatourist,fromNY.HisnameisHenry.Andhe'sbeenhereforaweek,buthe'smovingontoGermanytomorrow.He'sanarchitectandhe'sspendingfourweekstravellingalongEurope.

W:

Justlikeus?

M:

Yes