轮机英语听力与会话口语评估练习.docx
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轮机英语听力与会话口语评估练习
口述题
第一章公共用语
1.Theengineroom.
（1）Positionoftheengineroomonboard.
（2）Typeofmachineryintheengineroom.
（3）Featureofmarinemachineryintheengineroom.
Theengineroomistheheartofaship.Itisgenerallylocatedatthesternneartheshipbottom.Intheengineroom,therearealotofmachineryandsystems,suchasthemainengine,thegeneraterengine,boilers,pumps,therefrigeratingsystem,andtheairconditioningsystem.Themainengine,alsocalledthemainpropulsionplant，isthelargestandmostimportantone.Themodernimprovementofcontrolsystemsresultsinmachineryspaceremainingunattendedforlongperiods.ThatisUMS
2（Theenginedepartment.
（1）Introductionoftheimportanceoftheenginedepartmentonboard.
（2）Introductionofpersonneloftheenginedepartment.
（3）Descriptionoftheenginedepartment.
Theenginedepartmenttakesinchargeoftheengineroom.Theycanmakethemachineryespeciallymainengineworkingsmoothly,andanti pollution.
Thechiefengineercommandsthedepartment.Thesecondengineer,thethirdengineerandthefourthallworkunderhisorder.Therearealsosomemotormeninthedepartment.Thecaptainisresponsibleforthewholeship.
Oneofmajorresponsibilitiesofenginedepartmentistokeepthemachineryrunningsafelybyproperoperationandmaintenance.Crewmembersoftheenginedepartmentshouldoverhaul,operateandmaintaintheequipmentstrictlybytherules.Wealwayskeepthemachinesinourengineroomingoodorder.
3.Self-introduction.
1）.Youreducationbackground
2）.Yourworkingexperience
3）Yourfamily
Mynameis„Iam„yearsold.Icomefrom„.Iamsingle.IgraduatedfromGuangZhou
MarineTechnicalSchoolin2003.Ihavebeenworkingonboardasanengineerforabout5years.Inmysparetime,Ilikelisteningtothemusic,readingbooksanddoingsomeexercises.Ilikemyjobverymuch.
4.Yourdailyworkonboard
1）Yourpositiononboard.
2）Yourdutiesduringwatch-keeping
3）yourexperience.
Iworkasanengineeronboard.Ilikethelifeonboard.Mymainworkistokeepallthepipesandpumpsingoodcondition.SometimesIhavetodosomerepairworksuchasrepairingtheaircompressororpumpcylinders.Asmyexperiencethemostcommonproblemisthepumpcylinders.
5.Watch-keepingintheengineroom
1）Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.
2）Hehastokeepeverythingingoodorder.
3）Heisgoingtohandovertheshift.
Theengineerondutyworksfor4hourseachwatch.Heshallbeabletoserviceallthemachinery.Hehastomaintainthemachineryingoodworkingcondition.Iamanengineeronboard.Iaminchargeofdeckmachinery,allpumps,lifeboat,dieselengineandsoon.SometimesIhavetodosomerepairwork.Whensomethinggoeswrong,Ihavetocheckandremedyit.
6.Couldyouintroduceyourself?
（1）What’syourname?
（2）Wheredidyougraduate?
（3）Whateducationdegreedoyouhave?
Mynameis„„Iam„yearsold.Igraduatedfrom„..University.Imajoredin
Engineering.Ihavebachelordegreenow.
第二章机舱日常业务
1.Pleasedescribethedifferencebetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.（SeeFig.2-1andFig.2-2）
Therearemanydifferencesbetweenthedieselengineandthegasolineengine.Forexample:
（1）thegasolineengineisoperatedwithfour-stroke,butthedieselenginecouldeitherbeoperatedbyfourortwo.
（2）Thedieselengineisstartedbycompressedairorelectricmotor,butthegasolineengineisnormallystartedbymotorandfiredbysparkplug.
（3）Thedieselengineisalargetypeusually,itcouldproducemuchmorepowerthanthegasolineengine,andithashighmechanismefficiency,soit'sthemostcommonlyusedengineonboardship2.XiaoWangisacadetoftheenginedepartment,whojustgraduatedfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducealltheengineroomtohim?
Theengineroomistheheartoftheship.Therearealotofmachinesthere.Thesemachinesprovidepowerorassistantfortheship'spropulsion,orthepowerofdailyusedforthecrew（dailylighting/cooking„）.Themainenginewhichistheheart
oftheengineroom,itcansupplypowerfortheship'spropulsion,soyoumustespeciallytotakecareofit.Thedonkeyenginelikeboilerswhichisusedforproducingsteam,aircompressorsarealsoimportant.Withoutthemtheshipcan'toperate.Soasacadetoftheenginedepartment,youshouldbefamiliarwiththem,andkeepthemingoodrunningcondition.
3.XiaoZhangisathree-yearstudentmajoringinmarineengineeringfromShanghaiMaritimeUniversity.Howdoyouintroducetheequipmentandmachineryintheengineroom?
Therearemanymachinesintheengineroom.Themainengineistheheartoftheengineroom;itcouldsupplypowerforthevessel'spropulsion.Therearealotofdonkeyenginesintheengineroom:
boilersforproducingsteam,freshwatergeneratorisusedtoproducefreshwaterfromseawater,aircompressorisusedtosupply
compressedair„.Soasoneofenginedepartment,youshouldbefamiliarwiththem,andkeepthemingoodrunningcondition.
4.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutthedisposaloftheshaftinganddieselengine.（SeeFig.2-3）
Thepowerofthedieselengineistransmittedtothepropellerthroughthetransmissionsystem.Theitemsoftransmissionsystemincludevariousshafts,suchasthethrustshaft,oneormoreintermediateshaftsandtailshaft.Theseshaftsaresupportedbythethrustblock,intermediatebearingsandthesterntubebearing.Thepropellerconsistsofabosswithseveralblades.Thethrustistransmittedalongtheshaftingtothethrustblockandfinallytoshipstructure.
5.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingabouttheprobabilityofmedium-speedandhigh-speeddieselengine.（SeeFig.2-4）
Whentheshipissailingatfullspeed,itneedsfourenginesrunning.Whentheshipissailingathalfspeed,itrequirestwoenginesrunning.Whiletheshipisoperatingatabout30%offullspeed,oneengineisenoughtomeetitspowerrequirement.Thatis,theshipcanbeoperatedwithsingleengine,doubleengines,orfourenginesaccordingtheloadcondition.Generally,whentheshipissailingatseaspeed,ithasfourenginesrunning,whileitapproachesthewharf,ithastwoinrunning.6.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstructureofthemainengine.（SeeFig.2-5）
Thestructureofthemainengineisasfollows:
（1）theconstructionmainlyincludesbedplate,frame,cylinders,pistons,connectingrod,mainbearingandcrankshaft.
（2）Thecrankshaftrestsinmainbearingsbuiltintocrossgirdersofthebedplate.OnthetopofAframethereisascavengingairbox.Thebedplate,framesandcylinderblocksaresecuredtogetherbylongtie-rods.
（3）Apistonconsistsofalowerpartcalledpistonskirtandanupperpartcalledpistoncrown.
7.Lookattheillustrationandsaysomethingaboutstressstatusofthemovingparts.（SeeFig.2-6）
Themovingpartsshownintheillustrationmainlyincludethepiston,theconnectingrod,andthecrankshaft.Theseareallcritical/mainpartsoftheengine.Accordingtothespecificconditionshowninthepicture,thepistonisundercompressionforce,theconnectingrodisundertensionstressandcompressionforce,whilethecrankshaftisunderthetorsionforces.
8.Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypeofpistonheadshapeindieselengine.（SeeFig.2-7）
knurledpiston圆顶活塞domeheadpiston凸顶活塞flatheadpiston平顶活塞crown
headpiston（convexheadpiston）凹顶活塞concaveheadpiston阶梯顶活
塞
9.Lookattheillustrationandsaythetypesofpistonring（SeeFig.
2-8）Pistonsareusuallyequippedwithpistonrings.Therearedifferentkindsofpistonringsinused.Forexample:
Inaccordancewithsub sectionshape按断面形状分,itcan
bedividedintothefollowingtypes:
halfkeystonering半梯形环Rectangularring
矩形环ChamferRing倒角环Twistedring扭曲环andsoon.Bystructure，itcanbe
dividedintotwomaintypes:
Scrapingoilring刮油环,GasRing气环,differentkinds
ofpistonringhasdifferentfunctions,butallinallitincludingthefunctionofsealing,conditioningoil,Thermalconductivity（heat）,Direction（bearing）密封、
调节机油（控油）、导热（传热）、导向（支承）
10.Pleasedescribethelubricatingmodeofmainengine.
Largemarinedieselenginesofcrossheadconstructiongenerallyhavetwosystemsoflubrication:
atotallylosssystemfeedingthecylindersandacirculatingsystemlubricatingtherunninggearandcoolingthepistons.Oilissuppliedtothecylinderlinerwallandpistonringsbymeansofmechanicallubricators.Thelubeoiltothevariousmovingpartsenablestheformationofanoilfilmwhichreducesfrictionandwear.
11.Talkabouttheworkingprincipleof（oil）purifieraccordingtothepicturegiven.（SeeFig.2-9）
Oilpurifiersareusedonboardshiptotreatfueloilandlubricatingoil.Theoiltobepurifiedisfirstallowedtosettleinasettlingtank.Anylargeparticleswillsettleoutandcanbedrainedeverywatch.Aftertheoilhastimetosettle,itispassedthroughfinemeshedwirefilterstoremoveanycoarseparticles（油经过沉淀后，再通过细滤器去除大颗粒杂质）.Theoilisthensenttotheoil
purifier.
Anoilpurifierusescentrifugalforceforseparatingdirtorwaterfromoil.Oiltobepurifiedisallowedtoenterthebowlwhileitisrotating.Theheaviercomponentsintheoilarethusforcedoutwards.Thesolidparticlesthataretoofinetoberemovedbyfiltrationareforcedtowardsthecircumferenceofthebowl.（Oilpurifiersusuallymaintainalayerofwaterinsidethebowltoactasasealfortheoil.Withoutthewaterlayertoactasseal,theoilcanflowouttogetherwiththeparticlesandbelost.Therewillbearingthatactslikeabarrierbetweentheoillayerandthewaterlayer.Thisringisknown
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