阅读理解训练findingthemainidea.docx
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阅读理解训练findingthemainidea
FindingtheMainIdea:
theauthor'smessage
aboutthetopic.
Wherearethemainideasfound
Itiseasytoidentifyamainideathatis
directlyexpressedinthetext.
Mainideasareoftenfoundatthe
beginningofparagraphs.Thefirstsentenceoftenexplainsthesubjectbeingdiscussedinthepassage.
Mainideasarealsofoundinthe
concludingsentencesofaparagraph.Themainideacanbeexpressedasasummationoftheinformationintheparagraphaswellasalinktotheinformationinthenextparagraph.
Themainideaisnotalwaysclearlystated.Itismoredifficulttoidentifyamainideawhenitisinferredorimplied.Itcanbeimpliedthroughotherwordsintheparagraph.Animpliedmainideacanbefoundinseveralways.
Severalsentencesinaparagraphcan
implythemainideabyintroducingfactsaboutthetopicbeforeactuallystatingthetopic.
Impliedideascanbedrawnfromfacts,reasons,orexamplesthatgivehintsorsuggestionsconcerningthemainidea.Thesehintswillbecluesleadingyoutodiscoverthemainideaintheselectedtext.
Trythepassagebelowtoseeifyoucanpickoutthemainidea.
"Tomanyparents,theinfant'scrying
maybemainlyanirritation,especiallyifitcontinuesforlongperiods.Butcryingservesimportantfunctionsforthechildaswellasfortheparents.Forthechild,cryinghelpsimprovelungcapacityandtherespiratorysystem.Perhapsmoreimportant,thecryservesasasignalofdistress.Whenbabiescry,theyindicatethattheyarehungryorinpain,andthisisimportantinformationforparents."
Usethehintsbelowtodeterminethecorrect
mainideaofthisparagraph.
Afterreadingaparagraphask,"Whatpointis
theauthormakinginthispassage"
Askthefollowingquestions:
HowcanIdetermineifIhaveselectedthecorrectmainideaofaparagraph
Ifyouareabletosummarizetheinformationinthepassageinyourownwords,youhaveabsorbedthecorrectmainidea.Toaccomplishthisgoal,trythestepslistedbelowafterreadingashortsectionofyourtextbook.
Writeashortsummaryinyourownwordsaboutwhatyouhaveread.
Doesyoursummaryagreewiththis
generaltopic
Doesyoursummarycontainthesameideasbeingexpressedbytheauthor
Couldyouwriteaheadline(or
textbooksubheading)thatwouldexpressyoursummaryinlessthanfivewords
Themainideasentenceofaparagraphtellswhattheparagraphisabout.Theothersentencesaredetails.Readthestoryandfindthemainidea.
1.Whenyoutakea
multiple-choicetest,doyoueverchangeyouranswersSomescientiststhinkthat
itisasmartthingtodo.Theyfoundoutthatmoststudentswhochangetheiranswersmaketherightdecisionandmakebetterscoresontheirtests.
Thestorymainlytells
howtostudyfortests
what
scientists
think
about
answers
how
toscore
better
ona
multiple-choicetest
whichanswerstochangeonatest
2.Becauselambsaresometimeseatenbycoyotes,ranchersmayhuntor
trapthecoyotes.However,killingcoyotesmayupsetnature'sbalanee.
Scientistshavefoundawaytoprotectsheepwithoutkillingcoyotes.Coyotesarefedlambmeattreatedwithadrug.
Whentheyeatthemeat,theygetsick.
Later,coyoteswon'tevengonearlambs.They'llhuntrabbitsinstead.
Thisstorymainlytells
whycoyotespreferrabbitstolambswhykillingcoyotesupsets
nature'sbalanee
howscientistsprotectsheepandcoyotes
whatkindofpeopledon'tlikecoyotes
3.DollyMadisonwasthewifeofPresidentJamesMadison.Shewasquite
abraveFirstLady.WhentheWhiteHouseburneddown,Dollyrescuedimportantgovernmentpapers.ShealsosavedtheportraitofGeorgeWashingtonthathangsintheEastRoomtoday.
Thisstorymainlytells
whoDollyMadison'shusbandwashowtheWhiteHouseburneddownaboutDolleyMadison'scourageousacts
wheretheportraitofGeorgeWashingtonhangs
4.Everyyearhungrydeerdo
millionsofdollars'worthofdamageto
youngpinetrees.Scientistsin
Washingtonhavefoundawaytoprotectthetrees.Theyuseasubstaneecalledselenium.Seleniumproducesabadsmellwhendissolved.Abitofthiselementisputinthegroundneartrees.Raindissolvestheselenium,andthetreesabsorbit.Thebadsmellkeepsthedeerawayuntilthetreesarefullygrown.
Thisstorymainlytells
howmuchdamagedeerdototrees
howtreescanbeprotectedfromdeer
whatseleniumis
whydeereatpinetrees
5.Inreallife,rattlesnakestry
toavoidpeopleandseldomattack.Mostpeoplearebittenonlyaftertheysteponthesesnakes.Arattlesnakemaynoteveninjectitspoisonwhenitbites.Infact,moreAmericansdiefrominsectstingsthanfromsnakebites!
thewindshielddoesn'tbreakwhenthe
rubberchickenhitsit,thedesigners
knowthattheglasscanwithstandthe
forceofarealcrash.
Thisstorymainlytells
whybirdscanbedangeroustoairplanes
howachickcannontestsglass
howbigabirdhastobetodamage
anairplane
Thisstorymainlytells
howthechickencannonworks
howrattlesnakes
aren'tas
dangerousaseveryonebelieves
7.Thediamondisahardelement
whyinsectskillpeoplethatcancutthroughalmostanymetal.
whenrattlesnakesusetheirpoisonhowsnakesbite
6.Imaginetestingglassby
throwingchickensatitSometimesfastmovingairplanesflythroughflocksofbirds.Ifthebirdshitthewindshieldofaplane,theglasscouldshatterandcauseacrash.Airplanemanufacturershavemadeachickencannonthatfiresrubberchickensatglasswindshields.If
Thatiswhyitisoftenusedforindustrialpurposes.Wholediamond
stonesaresetintotools.Dustfrom
crusheddiamondstonesisusedforcoatingtheedgesoftools.Caremustbetakenwhenexposingdiamondstoextremeheatbecauseheatcanturntheminto
graphite.Graphiteisthesoftmaterialusedinthemanufactureofleadforpencils.
Thisstorymainlytells
howtoturnadiamondintoagraphite
howdiamondsareusedinindustryhowdiamonddustcoatstooledgeswhendiamondsareusedinpencils
8.AlfredNobelinventeddynamite
tohelpbuilders,butitwasusedforwar,whichmadehimfeelveryguiltyaboutthemisuseofhisinvention.Hewasarichman,sohesetupa$9millionfund.Today
thefundisusedtorewardpeoplewhohaveimprovedhumanlife.NobelPrizesareawardedinsixfields,including
peace,medicine,andchemistry.
Thisstorymainlytells
whattheNobelPrizesareawarded
for
whyNobelfoundedtheNobelPrize
fund
howmuchmoneywassetasideforrewards
whatinventionAlfredNobel
created
9.ThetemperatureofAntartica
oncefellto128degreesbelowzeroFahrenheit.Inthesummertime,temperaturesaveragewellbelowfreezing.Mostofthelandiscovered
withicethatisupto2milesthick.Onlyafewstrongmossesandsturdyspiderscanliveonthisbigblockofice.Sinceverylittlesnoworrainfallsthere,
Antarticaisadesert.
Thisstorymainlytells
aboutadesertwithextremelycoldtemperatures
whichplantsandinsectslivein
Antartica
howmuchsnowandrainfallthere
howlowthetemperatureoncefell
10.TheMarineshadaproblemin
WorldWarII.Ordersweresentincode,buttheenemykeptlearningthecode.
otherpeoplecouldspeakNavajo,this
Nothingcouldbekeptsecret.ThensomeonethoughttheNavajosoldierscouldhelptheMarines.Sinceveryfew
Ianguagewasusedasacode.NooneontheenemysideknewNavajo,sothemessagesstayedsecret.
Thisstorymainlytells
howNavajopeoplekeptsecrets
whenthesecretcodewasused
howtheMarinesusedNavajoasa
code
whytheoriginalcodehadtobe
changed
11.Sharkshaveakeensenseof
hearingandcansmellbloodfromalmost2,000yardsaway.Sharksalsohaveaspecialsystemofchannelsintheirskinthathelpsthemfeelthevibrationsofasplashingswimmer.Weknowthatin
clearwater,sharkscanseedinnerfromabout50feetaway.Ifyoueverspotashark,alwaysswimawaysmoothly!
Thisstorymainlytells
howwellsharkshear
whysharkshavepoorvision
howsharkssensefood
whentoswimawaysmoothly
12.Trousersarearecentstyleinthehistoryoffashion.Menworetightsundershort,loosepantsuntiltheearly1800swhenthefirstrealpantsformenappeared.Untilthe1940sfewwomenworelongpants.DuringWorldWarII,womenfactoryworkersstartedwearinglongpants.Thefashioncaughton.
Thestorymainlytells
thatlongpantsareasomewhatnewfashion
whenmenstoppedwearing
pantaloons
whoworetights
whywomendon'tweartrousers
13.A
scientist
believes
that
millionsofanimalshavediedevery26
millionyears
Hethinks
thatcometsare
responsible
forthose
deaths.
Comets
wouldexplode
onimpact
asthey
slammed
intoEarth.
Dustfrom
theexplosions
blockedlight
andheat
fromthe
Sun.
PlantsandanimalsonEarthcouldnotwithstandsuchconditions,sotheydied.
Thisstorymainlytells
howoftenanimalsdied
whycometsmaycomenearEarth
wherethedustcomesfrom
aboutapossiblecauseofanimal
deathsinthepast
14.TherareChinesepandalivesontender,youngbambooshoots.Mostbambooplantsdierightafterflowering.
Withoutthebamboothepandasstarve.Becausesomepeoplefearthattherarepandasmaydieout,insomeplacesfoodisgiventothehungryanimals.Some
pandasareairliftedtoplaceswherebambooisstillplentiful.
Thisstorymainlytells
whattheChinesepandasusuallyeathowthebambooplantsflowerhowpeoplearekeepingpandasalivewhypandassometimesstarvetodeath
15.BobGeldoftalkedtothetopmusicaltalentsoftheworldandasked
themtosinga