高考语法全攻略之非谓语动词.docx

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高考语法全攻略之非谓语动词.docx

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高考语法全攻略之非谓语动词.docx

高考语法全攻略之非谓语动词

专题八：

非谓语动词

做题方法：

先看语态再看时态

一，非谓语动词的定义。

二，非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别。

动词分类：

1.助动词：

就是帮助动词构成时态，语态，否定，语气等而没有实际意义的一类动词

2.情态动词：

表示人的感情的一类动词。

3.系动词：

1）be动词2）soundtastesmell

4.实义动词（行为动词）vi.不及物vt.

三，非谓语动词的否定：

在非谓语动词前加否定

四，常见的不规则的非谓语动词形式：

todo,doing,done

1、不定式（n.adj.adv.作用）——（not）todosth.

2、动名词及现在分词（n.pron.作用）——（not）doingsth.SheisstudyingEnglish.（时态题）

3、过去分词（adj.adv.作用）——（not）done

TheteachertoldJimtogothere.

TheteachertoldJimnottogothere.

五，非谓语动词的常见形式和其所代表的含义。

成分

形式

主语

宾语

定语

状语

补语

todo一般式

是

tobedone被动

是

tohavedone完成不置于句首

较少

不太多

较少

是

tohavebeendone不置于句首

较少

不太多

较少

是

doing

是

beingdone

是

较少

是

havingdone

较少

是

较少

havingbeendone

较少

是

较少

Done过去分词

否

是

非谓语动词的完成式：

当非谓语动词先发生于谓语动词，常用完成式：

tohavedone/tohavebeendone/havingdone/havingbeendone

tohavedone/tohavebeendone多做补语一般多用于以下结构中且不置于句首：

besaid/reported/believed/consideredtohavedone/tohavebeendone

JanewassaidtohavegonetoAmerica.

LiLeiwasreportedtohavebeenadmittedintoakeyuniversity.

Youweresillynottohavelockedyourcar.

beingdone常与after连用做状语

非谓语动词的各种形式

主动和被动

时间上的含义

是以谓语动词为参照时间

在句中的意义

句中常见的位置

todo

主动

将来，

作目的状语时翻译成“为了”

一般不与主句隔开

tobedone

被动

将来

作目的状语时翻译成“为了“

tohavedone

主动

完成,过去

一般不在句首

tohavebeendone

被动

完成,过去

doing

主动

进行，伴随

“正在”或“结果”

做结果状语时表示“结果”

beingdone

被动

进行

“正在”或“结果”

havingdone

主动

完成

“在….之后“

常在句首

havingbeendone

被动

完成

“在….之后“

done

被动

过去

主动，被动一般是指与主语的关系做状语定语常与主语保持一致作定语有时也是被修饰词保持一致做宾补常与宾语保持一致

六，在做非谓语动词题目的指导思想。

一语态二时间三意思四语序

七，各种非谓语动词形式在考题中的运用。

（一）动词不定式的各种形式及其使用

1，todosth和tobedone

不定式作状语表示目的

1.Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.

A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep

2.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner即将到来,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_____presentsformydad

AbuyB.tobuyCbuyingDtohavebought

4.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear, ____reduceunemploymentpressures.

A.help B.tohavehelped C.tohelp D.havinghelped

5.Thechildrenallturned_____thefamousactressassheenteredtheclassroom.

A.lookedat B.tolookat C.tolookingat D.lookat

6.______theprojectintime,thestaffwereworkingatweekends.

A.Competing B.HavingcompletedC.Tohavecompleted D.Tocomplete

8.______,youneedtogiveallyouhaveandtryyourbest.

ABeingawinnerBTobeawinner CBeawinnerDHavingbeenawinner

9._________theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.

A.Completing B.Complete C.Completed D.Tocomplete

不定式做后置定语表示将来的动作

Thewayofdoingsth./todosth.

1.Theability_____anideaisasimportantastheideaitself

AexpressingBexpressedCtoexpressDtocover

2.Thatistheonlywaywecanimaginetheoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.

A.reducingB.toreduceC.reduced

D.reduce

4.Ihavealotofreadings_____beforetheendofthisterm.

A.completingB.tocomplete

C.completedD.beingcompleted

5.Withtheworldchangingfast,wehavesomethingnew___withallbyourselveseveryday.

A.deal B.dealt C.todeal D.dealing

6.Ifthere'salotofwork______.I'mhappytojustkeeponuntilitisfinished.

A.todo B.tobedoing C.done D.doing

7.---Thelastone________paysthemeal.

---Agreed!

A.arrived B.arrives C.toarrive D.arriving

不定式作状语表示结果（与前面的句子不构成因果关系）

Todo/tobedone做结果状语多于only搭配表示不好的结果

1.Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.

A.tofind B.finding C.found D.tohavefound

2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_________thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.

A.totell B.tobetold C.telling D.told

关于句式It＋is＋形容词＋（for/ofsb/sth）＋todosth的句型转换

Be+性质形容词+不定式，形容词修饰不定式时，主动表被动。

1．Inmanypeople’sopinion，thatcompany，thoughrelativelysmall，ispleasant．

A．todealwithB．dealingwithC．tobedealtwithDdealtwith

2.Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.

A．findingB．tofindC．findD．tobefound

It’sastonishedofustodosth.

3.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood________.

A.tobebreathed B.tobreathe C.breathingD.beingbreathed

4.it’simportantforthefiguresregularly.

A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated

5. Nowadayspeoplesometimesseparatetheirwastetomakeit形式宾语easierforit ________.

A.reusing B.reused C.reuses D.tobereused

关于固定句式中不定式的使用

1.Ittookalongtimefortheconnectionbetweenbodytemperatureandillness_______.

A.tomake B.tobemade C.making D.beingmade

2.Itremains________whetherJim’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.

A.seen B.tobeseen C.seeing D.tosee

Itremainstobeseenwhether…会怎样留待以后再说

2,tohavedonesth和tohavebeendone

22.AIDSissaid________thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.

A.thatitis B.tobe C.thatishasbeen D.tohavebeen

25.Policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto____sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.

A.havebeenmissing B.havegotlost C.bemissing D.getlost

20.----IsBobstillperforming?

----I’mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial

A.tohaveleft B.toleave C.tohavebeenleft D.tobeleft

6.Youweresillynot____yourcar.

A.tolock B.tohavelocked C.locking D.havinglocked

19.Thefluisbelieved______byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.

A.causing B.beingcaused C.tobecaused D.tohavecaused

（二）动词ing的各种形式及其在句中的使用

1,doingsth主动进行伴随

作状语相当于when或与when搭配

1.When______differentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.

A.compared B.beingcompared C.comparing D.havingcompared

2._______inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.

A.Towalk. B.Walking C.Walked D.Havingwalked

3.atmyclassmates'faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.

A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked

4.thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.

A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached

51.Lucy’snewjobpaidtwiceasmuchasshehadmade____intherestaurant.

A.working B.work C.towork D.worked

作状语表示伴随

1．Thelawyerlistenedwithfullattention，tomissanypoint．

A．nottryingB．tryingnotC．totrynotDnottotry

2Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,suppliestoYushuQinghaiprovinceaftertheearthquake.

A.sendingB.tosendC.havingsentD.tohavesent

3.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob, ______outofthewindow.

A.looking B.tolook C.looked D.havinglooked

4.Doyouwakeupeverymorning__________energeticandreadyday?

AfeelBtofeelCfeelingDfelt

5.aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.

A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering

6.Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyoufeet.

A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept

7.hehadwonderfulchildhood,_____withhismothertoallcornersoftheword

A.travelB.totravelC.traveledD.traveling

8.Theladywalkedaroundtheshops, aneyeoutforbargains.

A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.tokeep

9.Don’tsitthere________nothing.Comeandhelpmewiththistable.

A.do B.todo C.doing D.anddoing

10.Mysister,aninexperiencedrider,wasfoundsittingonthebicycle______tobalanceit.

A.havingtried B.trying C.totry D.tried

作定语多表示进行或主动doing常做后置定语修饰n.与修饰词是主动关系

1．Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse．

A．roseB．risingC．toriseD．risen

2.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.

A.forced B.forcing C.tobeforced D.havingforced

3．Recentlyasurvey_______pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.

A．comparedB．comparingC．comparesD．beingcompared

4.Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand__lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.

A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighing（vi无被动同measurevi测量）

5.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket_____thedesert.

A.covering B.covered C.cover D.tocover

6.Lookoverthere-there’saverylong,windingpath_____uptothehouse.

A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead

7.Therearehundredsofvisitors___infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.

A.waited B.towait C.waiting D.wait

doing做结果状语表示前因后果（不定式不表前因后果）

1.MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,__itmucheasierforpeopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.

A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade

2.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth.seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.

A.causedB.havingcausedC.causingD.tocause

3.Thenewsshockedthepublic,___togreatconcernaboutstudents’safetyatschool.

A.havingledB.ledCleadingD.tolead

4.InApril,2009,PresidentHuinspectedthewarshipsinQingdao, _____the60th

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