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专转本英语练习及写作指导
2009年江苏专转本英语专项习题(阅读二)
[日期:
2008-08-26]
来源:
江苏专转本 作者:
51zzb
[字体:
大中小]
PassageThree
AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn'thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:
"So,howhaveyoubeen?
"Andtheboy-whocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold-replied."Frankly,I'vebeenfeelingalittledepressedlately.''
Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn'tfindoutwewere"depressed"untilwewereinhighschool.
Theevidenceofachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrendon'tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.
Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists,Why?
Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnate(天生的)biologicalstates,butalsoonpatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialrotetoanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:
traditionally,wetellsixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromfifthgraders.
Inthelast30years.however,asecret-revelation(揭示)machinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision,Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately(不加区分地),toallviewersalike,betheychildrenoradults.Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures.
Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolveacomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedandpractices.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.
11.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis________.
A)asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachild
B)somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchild
C)aninevitablehasofchildren'smentaldevelopment
D)amentalscalepresentinallhumans,includingchildren
12.Traditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld________.
A)throughcontactwithsocietyC)naturallyandbybiologicalinstinct
B)graduallyandunderguidanceD)throughexposuretosocialinformation
13.Thephenomenonthattoday'schildrenseemadultlikeisattributedbytheauthorto________.
A)thewidespreadinfluenceoftelevision
B)thepoorarrangementofteachingcontent
C)thefastpaceofhumanintellectualdevelopment
D)theconstantlyrisingstandardofliving
14.Whyistheauthorinfavorofcommunicationthroughprintforchildren?
A)Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation.
B)Itdevelopschildren'sinterestinreadingandwriting.
C)Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpracticemore.
D)Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn.
15.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeintoday'schildren?
A)Hefeelsamusedbychairprematurebehavior.
B)Hethinksitisaphenomenonworthyofnote.
C)Heconsidersitapositivedevelopment.
D)Heseemstobeupsetaboutit.
PassageFour
"Opinion"isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn'tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mosttoattachgreatimportancetoit."Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,''and''Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,''arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother'sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.
Isthatlabelaccurate?
Isitintoleranttochallengeanother'sopinion?
Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.Forexample,youmayaskafriend''WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?
"Andhemayreply,"Inmyopinion,they'reugly."Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes,''It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste."
Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,AnewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotshaletheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes,Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.
Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.
Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?
Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.
16.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE,accordingtotheauthor?
A)Everyonehasarighttoholdhisownopinion.
B)Freeexpressionofopinionsoftenleadstoconfusion.
C)Mostpeopletendtobecarelessinformingtheiropinions.
D)Casualuseoftheword"opinion"oftenbringsaboutquarrels.
17.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingwouldbelaboredasintolerant?
A)Someonewhoturnsadeafeartoothers'opinions.
B)Someonewhocan'tputupwithothers'tastes.
C)Someonewhovaluesonlytheirownopinions.
D)Someonewhoseopinionharm.otherpeople.
18.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat________.
A)itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrand
B)oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinions
C)personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallenged
D)itisunwisetoexpressone'slikesanddislikesinpublic
19.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferenceinthat________.
A)itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourt
B)itreflectspubliclikeanddislikes
C)itisaresultofalotofcontroversy
D)itisbasedoncarefulthought
20.Asindicatedinthepassage,beingfreetoactonone'sopinion________.
A)meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople'scriticism
B)meansthatonecanimposehispre6ereaccsonothers
C)doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwill
D)doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidence
答案:
11——15BBADB
16——20ABCDC
专转本英语写作技巧
[日期:
2008-08-30]
来源:
江苏专转本 作者:
51zzb
[字体:
大中小]
开头万能公式:
1.开头万能公式一:
名人名言
有人问了,“我没有记住名言,怎么办?
尤其是英语名言?
”,很好办:
编!
原理:
我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的,包括我们欣赏的文章也是,所以尽管编,但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!
而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!
对吧?
经典句型:
Aproberbsays,“Youareonlyyoungonce.”(适用于已记住的名言)
Itgoeswithoutsayingthatwecannotbeyoungforever.(适用于自编名言)
更多经典句型:
Aseveryoneknows,Noonecandenythat…
2.开头万能公式二:
数字统计
原理:
要想更有说服力,就应该用实际的数字来说明。
原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的,可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一,但编无妨,只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。
所以不妨试用下面的句型:
Accordingtoarecentsurvey,about78.9%ofthecollegestudentswantedtofurthertheirstudyaftertheirgraduation.
看起来这个数字文邹邹的,其实都是编造出来的,下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造:
Honesty
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。
TravelbyBike
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。
Youth
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。
Five-dayWorkWeekBetterthanSix-dayWork?
根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。
更多句型:
Arecentstatisticsshowsthat…
写作绝招
结尾万能公式:
1.结尾万能公式一:
如此结论
说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。
也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!
比如下面的例子:
Obviously(此为过渡短语),wecandrawtheconclusionthatgoodmannersarisefrompolitenessandrespectforothers.
如果读者很难“显而见之”,但说无妨,就当读者的眼光太浅罢了!
更多过渡短语:
tosumup,inconclusion,inbrief,onaccountofthis,thus
更多句型:
Thus,itcanbeconcludedthat…,Therefore,wecanfindthat…
2.结尾万能公式二:
如此建议
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话,那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了,因为这里虽然也是废话,但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。
拽!
Obviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典,因为考官本来经常考这个句型,而如果我们自己写出来,你说考官会怎么想呢?
更多句型:
Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.
Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.
写作绝招写作的“七项基本原则”:
一、长短句原则
工作还得一张一驰呢,老让读者读长句,累死人!
写一个短小精辟的句子,相反,却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。
而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主题:
Asacreature,Ieat;asaman,Iread.Althoughoneactionistomeettheprimaryneedofmybodyandtheotheristosatisfytheintellectualneedofmind,theyareinawayquitesimilar.
如此可见,长短句结合,抑扬顿挫,岂不爽哉?
牢记!
强烈建议:
在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短,且先长后短;在文章主体部分,要先用一个短句解释主要意思,然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式,定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!
文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。
二、主题句原则
国有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。
否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感!
相信各位读过一些破烂文学,故意把主体隐藏在文章之内,结果造成我们稀里糊涂!
不知所云!
所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句,放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾,让读者一目了然,必会平安无事!
特别提示:
隐藏主体句可是要冒险的!
Tobeginwith,youmustworkhardatyourlessonsandbefullypreparedbeforetheexam(主题句).Withoutsufficientpreparation,youcanhardlyexpecttoanswerallthequestionscorrectly.
三、一二三原则
领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点…如此罗嗦。
可毕竟还是条理清楚。
考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚,条理自然。
破解方法很简单,只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。
1)first,second,third,last(不推荐,原因:
俗)
2)firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally(不推荐,原因:
俗)
3)thefirst,thesecond,thethird,thelast(不推荐,原因:
俗)
4)inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,inthethirdplace,lastly(不推荐,原因:
俗)
5)tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally(强烈推荐)
6)tostartwith,next,inaddition,finall