中西饮食差异英文论文.docx

中西饮食差异英文论文.docx

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中西饮食差异英文论文

学号________________

密级________________

本科毕业论文

中西饮食习惯差异

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二○一一年二月

BACHELOR'SDEGREETHESIS

OFWUHANUNIVERSITY

DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternEatingHabits

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February2011

郑重申明

本人呈交的学位论文，是在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，所有数据、图片资料真实可靠。

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本学位论文的知识产权归属于培养单位。

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摘要

饮食是人类生存与发展的必需，与每个人的生活密切相关。

但由于中西方传统文化的差异，导致了中西方在饮食习惯上出现差异。

本文从饮食观念、饮食方式、对象三方面出发，研究中西饮食习惯的差异。

关键词：

饮食观念；方式；对象；

ABSTRACT

Dietisthenecessityinthelifeandalsothedevelopmentofhumanbeings.BecauseofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculturaltraditions,theChineseandthewesternaredifferentineatinghabits.Thepaperstudiesthedifferencesthroughtheconceptoftwodifferentdiets,differentdietarypatterns，anddifferentobjects.

Keywords:

Dietaryconcept;dietarypatterns;objects

Contents

ChapterOne:

ChapterTwo:

ChapterThree:

ChapterOne:

Introduction

Thereisasayingthat“Tothepeoplefoodstuffisall-important”,sofoodisthebasisforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofhumanrace.Tothedevelopmentofdietaryculture,Chinaandthewesterncountrieshavemadeasignificantcontribution.Bothofthemhaveformedtheirownuniqueeatingculturesystem.Asoneofthefourworldancientnations,ChinahasalongdietaryhistoryalmostaslongasChinesecivilization.TheremoteChinesehavepaidmuchattentiontoeating.AndnowtheChinesearepursuingbeautyofdiet.ButthisdifferenceismorerationalconceptoftheWesterndiet.Therefore,itisnowonderthattherearemanydifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternineatinghabits,becauseofthedifferentconcepts,dietarypatterns,objects.Butbothofthemhavetheadvantagesanddisadvantages.SowecancombinethegoodChineseeatinghabitswiththewest’stocreatethebesteatinghabits.Also,wecanmakeafurthercommunicationwitheachotherthoughstudyingtheseculturaldifferences.

ChapterTwo

2.1.TheConceptofTwoDifferentDiets

Manydietinghabitdifferencesaremainlyaboutraw,tastesandcookmethods.Theyareaffectedbyregionalcharacteristics,climateenvironmentandcustoms.Differentculturesinfluenttheconceptsofthedietsindifferentcountries.IwillintroduceyousomethingabouttheChinaandwesterncountries.

Chinesedietisasenseofbeauty.Anoldsayingisthat:

“Foodiseatingwell-deservedforhumanbeings.”ItisthebasictheoryofChinesedieatryculture.forexample,manyChinesefestivalsarelinkedtosomespecialfood.TheyalwayseatZongziduringDragonBoatFestivaltocommemoratethepatriotQuYuan.Anotherexample,thecustomofeatingthefestivespecialty:

cakesshapedlikethemoonissharedbyalloftheChinese.Althoughournationareenterintoagriculturesocietyinearlytimes,lowproductivityforthousandsofyearsandmanydisatersinhistorymadeChinesepaymuchattentiontoeating.SotheChinesetriedtheirbesttosolvetheproblemofhungry.Theynotonlydidthis,butalsobegantopursuitthebeautyofdiet.ItisacklnowledgedthattheChiesedietisakindofart.Whentheyarecooking,theymusttaketheflavor,color,materialsandsoonintoconsideration.Reconcileisthemostimportantthing.Itincludesthegoodcollocationofcolor,materialsandthegoodcontrolofthetasteandtemperature.Theycancookaccordingtoimagination.Inaddition,theChineseusuallykeephealthythougheating.Becausetheybelievefoodisbetterthanmedicine.Forexample,eatingtomatoescanprotectagainstsunburnanditisnoteasilytohaveblackeyes.

ComparedwithChinesediet,thewesterndietisarationalconcept.Ononehand,italwaysignoresthecolor,flavorandshapeofthefood.Whatitcaresaboutisthattheintakeofcalories,proteinandvitaminsineveryday.Inotherword,whatthemostimportantishowmuchthenutritiontheytakeineveryday.It’sonwonderthatthewesternersarestrongerthanChinese.Butontheotherhand,itbecomesanobstacletodietaryculture.Theignoranceofthecollocationofcolor,materialsandthegoodcontroloftheflavorandtemperaturemakethefoodtastedsimple,alsodothedietaryculture.Itcansayitisnoarttoappreciateofthewesterndietevenifitissoluxurious.Forexample,inadishof“FrenchMuttonchops”,onesideispotatomudwithmuttonchops;anothersideisripebeansplusafewtabletsoftomatoes.Althoughthecolorofdishisclear,thetastesofthevariousmaterialsareseparated,sotheentireflavorissimple.

Intheend,withthebusylifeinwesterncountry,manypeoplehavealittletimetoeat,sofast-foodisbecomingtheirtrend.However,Chineseliketoeatathomeinatraditionalway.Theytaketheunitedideaasthehappything,suchas“springfestival”.

2.2.TwoDifferentDietaryPatterns

TheChinesedietarypatternisverydifferentfromtheWestern’s,andthesedifferencesmayaffectthenationalcharacteristics.TheprominentdifferenceisthatinChina,thereonlybeonepatternsittingtogetherandsharingonefeastinacelebration,nomatterwhat.Chinesealwaysuseroundtablewhilehavingameal,whichcreatesaunityandcourtesyofforminsomedegree.Deliciousdishesareputinthecentreofthetable,whicharetheobjectsforpeopletoenjoyandtaste,andalsotheintermediateofcommunication.Peopletoastandtalkwitheachotherandsharethedishes.Itreflectsthemutualrespectbetweenpeopleandshowsthevirtuesofcomityinfaceofthegoodthings.Thispatternconformsofournational“unity”mentality,althoughithastheobviousshortcomingsfromthehealthpointofview.SothispatternisverypopularinChina.Forexample,especiallyatNewYear’sEve,Chinesepeoplealwayssittogetherandshareabigdinner.Theytalkalotandalwaystakefoodtoeachother,whichisalsoawaytofacilitatingtheemotionalexchanges.

ComparedtoChinesedietarypatterns,westernbanquetsaretotallydifferentinsomepoints.Themaindifferenceisbuffetdinnerwhichgainspopularinwest.Onthetable,allthefoodisput.Peoplecangetthefoodtheywantwhowillnotbefixedintheirplaces.Theycanwalkastheylike.Thisformcanfacilitatepersonalemotionalexchanges,whichalsoreflectswesternersarepusuitingoffreedomandindividuality.Anditisalsoahealthywaytoeat,foreatingthemselves.ButitmaylackoftheatmosphereofharmonyandunitylikeChinesedinnerpattern.

Exceptthepatternsaidabove,thereisanotherdifference.Whenhavingameal,theChinesealwaysusechopstickswhichcalled“KuaiZi”inChinese.Itisusedasthemaintablewareformorethan3000years,whichplaysanimportantroleinChinesefoodculture.UnderthecultureguidanceofConfucianism,chopsticksrepresentgentlenessandbenevolence,themainmoralteachingsofConfucianism.AccordingtoU.S.nutritionist,ProfessorHermansaid,“WhenChineseusechopstickstoeat,whichneedstousedozensofmusclesandjointsmo.Soitisnoexaggerationtocallitas‘Fitnessactivities’.”Whilethetablewareusedinwesterncountriescan’tachievethisfunction.ToeatandtasteChinesefood,usingchopsticksmightbetheonlyandalsothebestway.

InsteadofthechopsticksusedinChina,knifeandforkareusedasthemaintablewareinwesterncountries.Atfirst,theyonlyuseknife.Theknifeinearlytimesismadeofstoneandbone.Later,itdevelopedtobronzeknifeandironknife.Oneknifecan’tbecalledtablewareinaserioussenselikechopsticks.Becauseithasmanyuses,likeslaughtering,dissectingandcuttingthehuntingfood.Westernersmusttaketheknifewiththem,fortheydon’thaveafixedhomeinalargeranchorgrassland.Untiltheymoveintocities,knivesarewelcomedinkitchen.Andthenitbecomesthemaintablewareinthewest.Westernersliketoeatblocksofmeatwhicharen’talwaysripeandalsobreads.Theyoftenuseknivestocutthemintopiecesorsmallone,anduseforkstoputthemintomouth.Knifeandforkareusuallythoughttorepresentasortofauthority,tyrannicalandresemblecoldweapons.

2.3:

DifferentinObjects

Thereisacommonphenomenonthatthewesternersgenerallylookverystrong,high,andhavelonglegs,developedmuscles.Onthecontrary,theChineselookshort,thin,andhavenarrowshoulders,yellowskin,andweekbodyinthelarge.Thesedifferencesaremainlycausedbydifferentdietaries.

TalkingtowhatthefoodtheChineseeat,wemayusetheword“Vegetarian”todescribethem.Inotherword,inChina,peoplegenerallyeatvegetables.TheagriculturalstructureofChinaisbreeding.Thestaplefoodisriceandnoodle,andnon-staplefoodisvegetablewithalittlemeat.Theword“dish”isforthesoundinChina,whichhassomelinkswiththeplants.Asamatteroffact,vegetabledishisthemainfoodinChinese’sdailylife.Whilethemeatdishesusuallyofferedonholidaysandinrichfamilies.WhydoChineseeatvegetables?

DatingbacktotheHanDynasty,BuddhismisimportedtoChina.UnderthehistoricalconditionsofChinathattime,BuddhismbegantotakerootinChinasociety.ItadvocatesvegetarianwhichaffectstheChinesedietaryalot.TheBuddhistsregardanimalsaspeopleandplantshavenosoul.Partlybecauseofthis,vegetariandietsdominateinthenormalstructureinChinaforthousandsofyears.

Exceptthis,itisreallyaseriousproblemthatChinacan’taffordenoughfoodtopeoplesometimes.Chinahasatotalareaof960squarekilometerswhoseagriculturalstructureisbreeding,amongtheseonlyanareaof18.26millionMuarecultivatedland.Inotherword,percapitalandareais1.3acres,becauseofa