智能家居外文翻译.doc

智能家居外文翻译.doc

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S.Leeetal.:

APyroelectricInfraredSensor-basedIndoorLocation-AwareSystemfortheSmartHome

APyroelectricInfraredSensor-basedIndoorLocation-AwareSystemfortheSmartHome

SukLee,Member,IEEE,KyoungNamHa,KyungChangLee,Member,IEEE

Abstract—Smarthomeisexpectedtooffervariousintelligentservicesbyrecognizingresidentsalongwiththeirlifestyleandfeelings.Oneofthekeyissuesforrealizingthesmarthomeishowtodetectthelocationsofresidents.Currently,theresearcheffortisfocusedontwoapproaches:

terminal-basedandnon-terminal-basedmethods.Theterminal-basedmethodemploysatypeofdevicethatshouldbecarriedbytheresidentwhilethenon-terminal-basedmethodrequiresnosuchdevice.Thispaperpresentsanovelnon-terminal-basedapproachusinganarrayofpyroelectricinfraredsensors（PIRsensors）thatcandetectresidents.Thefeasibilityofthesystemisevaluatedexperimentallyonatestbed.

IndexTerms—smarthome,location-basedservice,pyroelectricinfraredsensor（PIRsensor）,location-recognitionalgorithm

I.INTRODUCTION

Thereisagrowinginterestinsmarthomeasawaytoofferaconvenient,comfortable,andsaferesidentialenvironment[1],[2].Ingeneral,thesmarthomeaimstoofferappropriateintelligentservicestoactivelyassistintheresident’slifesuchashousework,amusement,rest,andsleep.Hence,inordertoenhancetheresident’sconvenienceandsafety,devicessuchashomeappliances,multimediaappliances,andinternetappliancesshouldbeconnectedviaa

homenetworksystem,asshowninFig.1,andtheyshouldbecontrolledormonitoredremotelyusingatelevision（TV）orpersonaldigitalassistant（PDA）[3],[4].

Fig.1.Architectureofthehomenetworksystemforsmarthome

Especially,attentionhasbeenfocusedonlocation-basedservicesasawaytoofferhigh-qualityintelligentservices,whileconsideringhumanfactorssuchaspatternofliving,health,andfeelingsofaresident[5]-[7].Thatis,ifthesmarthomecanrecognizetheresident’spatternoflivingorhealth,thenhomeappliancesshouldbeabletoanticipatetheresident’sneedsandofferappropriateintelligentservicemoreactively.Forexample,inapassiveserviceenvironment,theresidentcontrolstheoperationoftheHVAC（heating,ventilating,andairconditioning）system,whilethesmarthomewouldcontrolthetemperatureandhumidityofaroomaccordingtotheresident’scondition.Variousindoorlocation-awaresystemshavebeendevelopedtorecognizetheresident’slocationinthesmarthomeorsmartoffice.Ingeneral,indoorlocation-awaresystemshavebeenclassifiedintothreetypesaccordingtothemeasurementtechnology:

triangulation,sceneanalysis,andproximitymethods[8].Thetriangulationmethodusesmultipledistancesfrommultipleknownpoints.ExamplesincludeActiveBadges[9],ActiveBats[10],andEasyLiving[11],whichuseinfraredsensors,ultrasonicsensors,andvisionsensors,respectively.Thesceneanalysismethodexaminesaviewfromaparticularvantagepoint.RepresentativeexamplesofthesceneanalysismethodareMotionStar[12],whichusesaDCmagnetictracker,andRADAR[13],whichusesIEEE802.11wirelesslocalareanetwork（LAN）.Finally,theproximitymethodmeasuresnearnesstoaknownsetofpoints.AnexampleoftheproximitymethodisSmartFloor[14],whichusespressuresensors.

Alternatively,indoorlocation-awaresystemscanbeclassifiedaccordingtotheneedforaterminalthatshouldbecarriedbytheresident.Terminal-basedmethods,suchasActiveBats,donotrecognizetheresident’slocationdirectly,butperceivethelocationofadevicecarriedbytheresident,suchasaninfraredtransceiverorradiofrequencyidentification（RFID）tag.Therefore,itisimpossibletorecognizetheresident’slocationifheorsheisnotcarryingthedevice.Incontrast,non-terminalmethodssuchasEasyLivingandSmartFloorcanfindtheresident’slocationwithoutsuchdevices.However,EasyLivingcanberegardedtoinvadetheresident’sprivacywhiletheSmartFloorhasdifficultywithextendibilityandmaintenance.

Thispaperpresentsanon-terminalbasedlocation-awaresystemthatusesanarrayofpyroelectricinfrared（PIR）sensors[15],[16].ThePIRsensorsontheceilingdetectthepresenceofaresidentandarelaidoutsothatdetectionareasofadjacentsensorsoverlap.BycombiningtheoutputsofmultiplePIRsensors,thesystemisabletolocatearesidentwithareasonabledegreeofaccuracy.Thissystemhasinherentadvantageofnon-terminalbasedmethodswhile

avoidingprivacyandextendibility,maintenanceissues.Inordertodemonstrateitsefficacy,anexperimentaltestbedhasbeenconstructed,andtheproposedsystemhasbeenevaluatedexperimentallyundervariousexperimentalconditions.Thispaperisorganizedintofoursections,includingthisintroduction.SectionIIpresentsthearchitectureofthePIRsensor-basedindoorlocation-awaresystem（PILAS）,andthelocation-recognitionalgorithm.SectionIIIdescribesaresident-detectionmethodusingPIRsensors,andevaluatestheperformanceofthesystemundervariousconditionsusinganexperimentaltestbed.Finally,asummaryandthe

conclusionsarepresentedinSectionIV.

II.ARCHITECTUREOFTHEPIRSENSOR-BASEDINDOOR

LOCATION-AWARESYSTEM

A.Frameworkofthesmarthome

Giventheindoorenvironmentofthesmarthome,anindoorlocation-awaresystemmustsatisfythefollowingrequirements.First,thelocation-awaresystemshouldbeimplementedata

relativelylowcostbecausemanysensorshavetobeinstalledinroomsofdifferentsizestodetecttheresidentinthesmarthome.Second,sensorinstallationmustbeflexiblebecausetheshapeofeachroomisdifferentandthereareobstaclessuchashomeappliancesandfurniture,whichpreventthenormaloperationofsensors.Thethirdrequirementisthatthesensorsforthelocation-awaresystemhavetoberobusttonoise,andshouldnotbeaffectedbytheirsurroundings.ThisisbecausethesmarthomecanmakeuseofvariouswirelesscommunicationmethodssuchaswirelessLANorradio-frequency（RF）systems,whichproduceelectromagneticnoise,ortheremaybesignificantchangesinlightortemperaturethatcanaffectsensorperformance.Finally,itisdesirablethatthesystem’saccuracyisadjustableaccordingtoroomtypes.

Amongmanysystemsthatsatisfytherequirement,thePIRsensor-basedsystemhasnotattractedmuchattentioneventhoughthesystemhasseveraladvantages.ThePIRsensors,whichhavebeenusedtoturnonalightwhenitdetectshumanmovement,arelessexpensivethanmanyothersensors.Inaddition,becausePIRsensorsdetecttheinfraredwavelengthemittedfromhumansbetween9.4~10.4μm,theyarereasonablyrobusttotheirsurroundings,intermsoftemperature,humidity,andelectromagneticnoise.Moreover,itispossibletocontrolthelocationaccuracyofthesystembyadjustingthesensingradiusofaPIRsensor,andPIRsensorsareeasilyinstalledontheceiling,wheretheyarenotaffectedbythestructureofaroomoranyobstacles.

Figure2showstheframeworkforthePILASinasmarthomethatofferslocation-basedintelligentservicestoaresident.Withinthisframework,variousdevicesareconnectedviaahomenetworksystem,includingPIRsensors,roomterminals,asmarthomeserver,andhomeappliances.Here,eachroomisregardedasacell,andtheappropriatenumberofPIRsensorsisinstalledontheceilingofeachcelltoprovidesufficientlocationaccuracyforthelocation-basedservices.EachPIRsensorattemptstodetecttheresidentataconstantperiod,andtransmitsitssensinginformationtoaroomterminalviathehomenetworksystem.

Fig.2.FrameworkofsmarthomeforthePILAS.

Consequently,theroomterminalrecognizestheresident’slocationbyintegratingthesensorinformationreceivedfromallofthesensorsbelongingtoonecell,andtransmitstheresident’slocationtothesmarthomeserverthatcontrolsthehomeappliancestoofferlocation-basedintelligentservicestotheresident.

Withinthisframework,thesmarthomeserverhasthefollowingfunctions.1）Thevirtualmapgeneratormakesavirtualmapofthesmarthome（generatingavirtualmap）,andwritesthelocationinformationoftheresident,whichisreceivedfromaroomterminal,onthevirtualmap（writingtheresident’slocation）.Then,itmakesamovingtrajectoryoftheresidentbyconnectingthesuccessivelocationsoftheresident（trackingtheresident’smovement）.2）Thehomeappliancecontrollertransmitscontrolcommandstohomeappliancesviathehomenetworksystemtoprovideintelligentservicestotheresident.3）Themovingpatternpredictorsavesthecurrentmovementtrajectoryoftheresident,thecurrentactionofhomeappliances,andparametersreflectingthecurrenthomeenvironmentsuchasthetime,temperature,humidity,andillumination.Afterstoringsufficientinformation,itmaybepossibletoofferhuman-orientedintelligentservicesinwhichthehomeappliancesspontaneouslyprovideservicestosatisfyhumanneeds.Forexample,ifthesmarthomeserver“knows”thattheresidentnormallywakesupat7:

00A.M.andtakesashower,itmaybepossibletoturnonthelampsandsomemusic.Inaddition,thetemperatureoftheshowerwatercanbesetautomaticallyfortheresident.

S.Lee等人：

基于热释电红外传感器的智能家居室内感应定位系统

基于热释电红外传感器的智能家居室内感应定位系统

SukLee，电机及电子学工程师联合会会员

KyoungNamHa,KyungChangLee,电机及电子学工程师联合会会员

摘要——智能家居，是一种可以通过识别具有不同生活习惯和感觉的住户来提供各种不同的智能服务。

而实现这样的功能其中最关键的问题之一就是如何确定住户的位置。

目前，研究工作只要集中于两种方法：

终端方式和非终端方式。

终端方式需要一种住户随身携带的设备，而非终端方式则不需要这样的设备。

本文提出一种使用可以探测到住户的热释电红外传感器（红外传感器）的新的非终端方式。

该系统的可行性已经通过了测试平台的实验性评估。

索引词——智能家居，定位服务，热释电红外传感器（红外传感器），定位识别算法

I.简介

现在由于人人都想有一个方便，舒适，安全的居住环境，因此大家对于智能家居表现的越来越感兴