上海市黄浦区届高三英语一模.docx

上海市黄浦区届高三英语一模.docx

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上海市黄浦区届高三英语一模

黄浦区2018学年第一学期期末质量试卷

高三英语

（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟）2018.12

Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions：

Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

JustHowBuggyisYourPhone?

Whatiteminyourhomecrawlswiththemostgerms?

Ifyousay___21___toiletseat,you'rewrong.Kit

thelist.Butcellphonesareprettydirtytoo.Theycontainaround10timesasmanygermsastoiletseats.Peopletouchtheirphones,laptops,andotherdigitaldevicesalldaylong,yetrarelycleanthem.

Inoneincident,athiefpaidaterriblepriceforstealingagermycellphone.HestoleitfromahospitalinUgandaduringawidespreadofthedeadlydiseaseEbola.Thephone'sthoewtnherftrebpeoforrted___22___（die）fromthedisease.Soon,

thethiefbeganshowingsymptomsandfinally___23___（confess）tothecrime.

___24___inthatunusualcaseacellphonecarrieddangerousbacteria,notallgermsarebad.Mostcausenoharm.Infact,theycouldprovidehelpfulinformation.Lookatthesurfaceofyourphonecarefully.Doyouseesomedirtymars?

you,”saysmicrobialecologistJarradHampto-nMarcell.“That'sbiologicalinformation.”

Itturnsoutthatthetypesofgermsthatyouapplyalloveryourphoneortabletaredifferentfrom___25___ofyourfriendsandfamily.They'relikeafingerprintthatcouldidentifyyou.Somedayinthefuture,investigatorsmayusethese

microbialfingerprintstosolvecrimes.Phonesanddigitaldevicesmaybeoneofthebestplacestolookforbuggyclues.

Ina2017study,researcherssampledarangeofsurfacesin22participants'homes,___26___countert

computerkeyboardsandmice.Thentheytriedtomatchthemicrobialfingerprintsoneachobjecttoitsowner.Theofficeequipmentwaseasiesttomatchtoitsowner.Inan___27___（early）study,adifferentgroupofresearchersfoundthattheycouldusemicrobialfingerprintstoidentifythepersonwho___28___（use）acomputerkeyboardevenafterthekeyboardsatuntouchedfortwoweeksatroomtemperature.

Oneday,microbialsignaturesmightshow___29___peoplehavegoneandwhattheyhavetouched.Theycouldprove___30___anunmarkeddeviceisyours.So,sure,yourphoneisprettygermy.Doesthatinspireyou,ordoesitjustbotheryou?

SectionB

Directions：

Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.

measurement

B.similar

C.remarkably

D.monetary

E.astronomyF.altered

G.

civilization

H.defined

I.independence

J.invariably

K.dominated

学习好帮手

TheNile

'.ThedeEpgeynpdtians

TheancientGreekwriterHerodotusoncedescribedEgypt-withsomeenvy-as‘thegiftoftheNileontheriverforfood,forwaterandforlife.TheAncientEgyptianswereabletocontrolandusetheNile,creatingtheearliestirrigationsystemsanddevelopingaprosperous___31___.

Snakingthroughthedeserts,theNilewouldfloodalmost___32___eachyearinJune.Oncethewatersubsided,arichdepositofsandwasleftbehind,makinganexcellenttopaoil.Seedsweresown,yieldingwheat,barley,beans,lentilsandleeks.DroughtcouldspelldisasterfortheEgyptians,soduringthedryseasons,theydugbasinsandchannelstodeliverwatertotheirland.Theyalsodevisedsimplechannelstotransferwateratthepeakoftheflood.

Anearlysystemof___33___aNilometer,wasusedtodeterminethesizeofthefloods.Later,duringtheNewKingdom,aliftingsystemcalledashadufwasusedtoraisewaterfromtheriver--___34___tothewayinwhichawellisusedtoday.

TheEgyptianstookupsomeoftheearliesttradingmissions.Withouta（n）___35___systemtheyexchangedgoods,bringingbacktimber,preciousstones,pottery,spicesandanimals.Theireffortsinmedicinewerealso___36___advanced:

surgeonsperformedoperationstoremovecysts（囊肿）.Mummificationgavethemgreatunderstandingofthehumanbody-yettheyalsoreliedheavilyonvariousmedicinestopreventdisease,anddiscoverieswereoftenconfusedwithsuperstition（迷信）.Andwhileagreatdealoftimewasdedicatedto___37___theEgyptiansthoughtthestarsweregods.th

Bythe16centuryEgyptwasundertheOttomanEmpireuntilBritainseizedcontrolin1882.WhatisnowmostlyArabicEgyptonlywon___38___fromBritainafterWorldWarⅡ.TheSuezCanal,openedin1869,thecountryasa

centerforworldtransportation.Butit,andthecompletionoftheAswanHighDamin1971___40___theecologyoftheNile,whichnowstrugglestosatisfythecountry'srapidlygrowingpopulation,currentlymore-tthhaenla7r6gemsitllionntheArabworld.

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions：

ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

KeepingTheTapsRunninginThirstyCities

Watercovers71%ofEarth'ssurfaceyetonly2%ofitisaccessibleascaesofufrreshwater.___41___onthislimited

resourcesisrising,atrendlikelytocontinue.

Itisimportanttorecognizethatitisnotjustcityresidentswho___42___water.Agriculture,industryandtourismoftenrequiremorewaterthanthemunicipalwatersupply.Globally,70%offreshwateris___43___foragriculture,butlocallyinheavilyirrigated（灌溉）areasthiscanincreateto90%.Ahealthyenvironmentalsorequiresfreshwater,andthequalityofavailablewaterisasimportantasits___44___.

Waterstressisnotalwayscausedbyphysicalshortagesindryareas.___45___forwaterresourcesbetweendifferentuserswithinrivercatchmentsorbasinscanalsobeacause.

Everythirstycityoperateswithinitsowncontext,___46___tothechallengeofprovidingadequatewatersupplies.CapeTown,___47___,hasfacedthreeyearsofdroughtduringwhichwinterrainsfailedtomaterialize.Attheendofthe2017rainyseasonthecityfacedthe___48___ofitsdamsrunningdryduring2018.Thedamswereonly37%full—inthesame

weekfouryearsbeforetheywerefulltothetop.InJanuary2018,itwas___49___thatCapeTownwouldreachDayZero,whenitwouldbeforcedtoturnoffthetaps,inApril.Thiswasdespitethecityreducingitswaterusebymorethanhalf,学习好帮手from1.2billionlitresadayin2015tofewerthan600millionlitres,andworking___50___withindustryandagriculturetoreducedemand.

OnFebruary1,theauthoritiesputinplaceastrictlimitof50litresofwaterperpersonperday.___51___,inBritainthisisconsideredenoughforafive-minuteshowerofhalfawashingmachinecycleonfullload.

Inaddition,abanwasplacedonusing___52___waterforgardens,watermanagementdeviceswereinstalledathouseholdwithahighwateruseandthewaterpressurewasreducedtocutdemandandleaks.Atthesame,thecitylaunchedamedia___53___tochangehabitsandintroducedhigherduties.Thisisnotwithoutitscosts;agricultureandtourism,bothsignificantareasofemployment,have___54___.Itisaclassicexampleoftheproblemofwatereconomics-thecostofwaterislowbutthecostofalackofwaterisveryhigh.

CrisessuchastheCapeTowndroughtareindangerofbecomingthenewnorm.The___55___ofDayZeromustserveasawake-upcallforcitiesacrosstheworldtodevelopcost-effectivewatermanagementstrategiestocopewithanuncertainfuture.

41.A.Impact

B.Pressure

C.Impression

D.Observation

42.A.recycle

B.waste

C.consume

D.apply

43.A.restored

B.abstracted

C.separated

D.preserved

44.A.change

B.source

C.origin

D.volume

45.A.Competition

B.Protection

C.Construction

D.Regulation

46.A.contributing

B.regarding

C.responding

D.referring

47.A.inaddition

B.forexample

C.onthecontrary

D.asaresult

48.A.prospect

B.illustration

C.symptom

D.security

49.A.reported

B.presented

C.predicted

D.explained

50.A.respectively

B.increasingly

C.restrictively

D.extensively

51.A.Bycomparison

B.Inotherwords

C.Tooursurprise

D.What'smore

52.A.feasible

B.drinkable

C.inevitable

D.influential

53.A.campaign

B.statement

C.presentation

D.advertisement

54.A.invaded

B.liberated

C.suffered

D.proceeded

55.A.change

B.theory

C.record

D.threat

SectionB

（A）

Despiteanadvertisementcampaign

suggestingwall-to-wall

specialeffects,“BridgeofTerabithiais”groundedin

realityfarmorethaninfantasy.AdaptingKatherinePaterson

-winningnov'el,sthaewascrdreenwritersDavidPatersonand

JeffStockwellhaveproducedathoughtfulandextremelyaffectingstoryofatransformativefriendshipbetweentwounusuallygiftedchildren.Theresultisamoviewhoseemotionaldepthcouldappealmoretoadultsthantotheirchildren.

JessAarons（JoshHutcherson）isasixthgraderwithfoursisters,financiallytensedparentsandatalentfordrawing.Anintroverted（内向的）kidwhoisregularlypickedonbytheschoolbuses,JessformsabondwithanewstudentnamedLeslie（AnnaSophiaRobb）,afreespiritwhoseparents,bothwriters,arefondlyneglectful.Anattractionbetweenoutsiders,theirfriendshipfeedsonherwordsandhispictures;togethertheycreateanimaginarykingdominthewoodsbehindtheirhomes,aworldtheycancontrolandwheretheirmindscanwanderfree.

Beautifullycapturingatimewhenabullyinschoolcanoccuraslargeasamonsterinanightmareandthe学习好帮手

encouragementofateachercanalterthecourseofalife,“BridgetoTerabithia”keepsthefantasyintmagicintheeveryday.GaborCsupo