English-novelists-of-realistic-traditionPPT推荐.ppt

English-novelists-of-realistic-traditionPPT推荐.ppt

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EnglishNovelistsofRealisticTradition,TheRiseoftheEnglishNovel,“Thenovelisthemostimportantgiftofbourgeois,orcapitalist,civilizationtotheworldsimaginativeculture.”（RalphFox:

@#@TheNovelandThePeople）ThemodernEuropeannovelbeganaftertheRenaissance,withCervantessDonQuixote.ThemodernEnglishnovelbegantwocenturieslater,inthe18thcentury.,Theriseandgrowthoftherealisticnovelisthemostprominentachievementof18thcenturyEnglishliterature,whichhasgiventheworldsuchnovelistsasDefoe,Swift,Richardson,Fielding,SmollettandSterne.,Thesewriterslivedinaperiodofrapidgrowthofcapitalism.Itwas“abrutalworld,theworldofconqueringcapitalism,theperiodwhentheEnglishsquirewascrushingtheEnglishpeasantoutofexistence,whentheEnglishadventurerwasstealingthewealthoftheIndiesbymeansashorribleastheywereimmoral,andwhenthataccumulationofstolenwealthwasbeingmadeinthecountrywhichwastomakepossibletheindustrialrevolution.”（Ibid.）,Defoe,DanielDefoe（1660-1731）wasborninLondon,thesonofabutcher.Hisparentssethimapartfortheministry,buthegaveuptheideaofbecomingapreacher.,Afterschooling,hebecameahosier,andbetween1678-1683travelledinSpain,Italy,France,andGermanyasamerchant.Intheyearof1685DefoetookpartintheDukeofMonmouthsrebellionagainstJamesandnarrowlyescapedpunishment.,DefoewasakindofJack-of-all-trades.Hewasamerchant,solider,economist,politician,journalist,pamphleteer,publicistandnovelist.Hisversatilityfillsuswithwonder.Hewasgreatinatleasttwooccupations:

@#@journalismandauthorship.HisplaceinEnglishliteraturewasmadeforhimbyhisnovels,PlotSummary,Omitted,RobinsonCrusoe,ThewritersoftheEnlightenmentattachedgreatimportancetothemouldingofcharacterandtoeducationthroughtheinfluenceofvariedenvironment.,ThecharacterosRobinsonCrusoeisrepresentativeoftheEnglishbourgeoisieattheearlierstagesofitsdevelopment.Heismostpracticalandexact,alwaysreligiousandatthesametimemindfulofhisownprofit.,DefoesOtherNovels,CaptainSingletonColonelJacqueMollFlanders,JonathanSwift,Works,ATaleofTubTheBattleoftheBooksTheDrapiersLettersTheModestProposalGuilliversTravels,Gulliverstravels,LilliputBrobdingnagLaputahouyhnms,iput,SwiftsStyle,SwiftisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose.Hislanguageissimple,clearandvigorous.Hesaid,“properwordsinproperplaces,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle.”Heseemstohavenodifficultyinfindingwordstoexpressexactlytheimpressionwhichhewishestoconvey.,Insimple,directandpreciseprose,SwiftisalmostunsurpassedinEnglishliterature.ItisagreateducationtoreadSwiftsprose.Swiftisamastersatirist,andhisironyisdeadly.,HenryFielding,HenryFieldingwasbornin1707,inthefamilyofapoor,retiredgeneral.HewaseducatedatEtonandLeydenuniversity.Buthisfamilywassopoorthathewascompelledtoleavetheuniversityafterayearandahalfofstudies.,Sohebegantosupporthimselffromhisveryyouthbywritingforthestage,andsoonbecameoneofthemostpopularplaywrightsinLondon.（FieldingasaPlaywright）In1734,hemarriedCharlotteCradock,whomhelovedtenderlyandusedasamodelincreatinghisidealwomencharactersinhisworks.,From1742onward,Fieldingwrotefournovels,forwhichhehasbeenremembered.HisfirstnovelJosephAndrewswaspublishedin1742.HisJonathanWildappearedin1743.itwasapoliticalsatire.,In1749,hefinishedhisgreatnovelTomJones.Ittookhim“somethousandsofhours”intheintervalsofotheroccupationsduringsicknessandtrouble.InthisnovelFieldinghadpackedallhisyouthandprimeoflife.Bythistime,hisexperiencehadbroughthimintocontactwithnearlyallkindsofmenandwomeninallcircumstances.HeshowsinTomJonesthewholeofthelifeof18thcenturyEnglandashesawit.,Amelia（1751）washislastnovel.,TomJones,TheStory:

@#@,Characterization:

@#@,TomJones,theFoundling,isahansomeyoungman.Heisfrankandopen,kind,disinterested,andthoughquick-tempered,devoidofmalice.Hisoutstandingqualityis“goodnature”and“goodnessofheart”.Good-heartedasheis,Tomisveryfarfrombeingamodelcharacter.,Blifil:

@#@incharpcontrastwiththecharacterofTomisthatofBlifil,thevillainofthestory.Blifilis“sober,discreetandpiousbeyondhisage,”extremely“carefulofhismoney,”andskilledinbringinghimselfintofavourwithhispatronbyarespectfulappearanceandreadyflattery;@#@butinhisheartheis“stronglyattachedtotheinterestonlyofonesingleperson,”i.e.himself.,Sophia:

@#@SophiaWestern,theheroineofthebook,isthe“someretshireangel.”sheisherfathers“littledarling,”andshereturnsallhisaffectionwithangelictenderness.Toher,“herfatherswordwasalaw”inalmosteverything.Ononepoint,however,shestandsoutagainsthiminflexiblynothingcaninducehertomarryamanwhomshedislikes.,InherrelationwithherloverTom,sheisalsoadmirable.SophiawasfieldingsidealofwhatanamiableEnglishgirlshouldbe.Buthedidnotmakeher“perfectlyperfect.”,Summary,FieldingthemanFieldingasthefounderoftheEnglishrealisticnovelSomeFeaturesofFieldingsnovels,