阅读理解训练Finding the Main Idea#优选.docx

阅读理解训练Finding the Main Idea#优选.docx

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阅读理解训练FindingtheMainIdea#优选

FindingtheMainIdea:

theauthor'smessageaboutthetopic.

Wherearethemainideasfound?

Itiseasytoidentifyamainideathatisdirectlyexpressedinthetext.

∙Mainideasareoftenfoundatthebeginningofparagraphs.Thefirstsentenceoftenexplainsthesubjectbeingdiscussedinthepassage.

∙Mainideasarealsofoundintheconcludingsentencesofaparagraph.Themainideacanbeexpressedasasummationoftheinformationintheparagraphaswellasalinktotheinformationinthenextparagraph.

Themainideaisnotalwaysclearlystated.Itismoredifficulttoidentifyamainideawhenitisinferredorimplied.Itcanbeimpliedthroughotherwordsintheparagraph.Animpliedmainideacanbefoundinseveralways.

∙Severalsentencesinaparagraphcanimplythemainideabyintroducingfactsaboutthetopicbeforeactuallystatingthetopic.

∙Impliedideascanbedrawnfromfacts,reasons,orexamplesthatgivehintsorsuggestionsconcerningthemainidea.Thesehintswillbecluesleadingyoutodiscoverthemainideaintheselectedtext.

∙Trythepassagebelowtoseeifyoucanpickoutthemainidea.

"Tomanyparents,theinfant'scryingmaybemainlyanirritation,especiallyifitcontinuesforlongperiods.Butcryingservesimportantfunctionsforthechildaswellasfortheparents.Forthechild,cryinghelpsimprovelungcapacityandtherespiratorysystem.Perhapsmoreimportant,thecryservesasasignalofdistress.Whenbabiescry,theyindicatethattheyarehungryorinpain,andthisisimportantinformationforparents."

Usethehintsbelowtodeterminethecorrectmainideaofthisparagraph.

Afterreadingaparagraphask,"Whatpointistheauthormakinginthispassage?

"

Askthefollowingquestions:

∙Who-Doesthispassagediscussapersonorgroupofpeople?

∙When-Doestheinformationcontainareferencetotime?

∙Where-Doesthetextnameaplace?

∙Why-Doyoufindareasonorexplanationforsomethingthathappened?

∙How-Doesthisinformationindicateamethodoratheory?

HowcanIdetermineifIhaveselectedthecorrectmainideaofaparagraph?

Ifyouareabletosummarizetheinformationinthepassageinyourownwords,youhaveabsorbedthecorrectmainidea.Toaccomplishthisgoal,trythestepslistedbelowafterreadingashortsectionofyourtextbook.

∙Writeashortsummaryinyourownwordsaboutwhatyouhaveread.

∙Doesyoursummaryagreewiththisgeneraltopic?

∙Doesyoursummarycontainthesameideasbeingexpressedbytheauthor?

∙Couldyouwriteaheadline（ortextbooksubheading）thatwouldexpressyoursummaryinlessthanfivewords?

Ifyouareabletorephraseyourchoiceofatopicsentenceintoaquestionandthendetermineifthepassageanswersyourquestion,youhavebeensuccessfulatselectingamainidea.

Answers:

1Thecloudsweredarkpurple.

2Thunderbecamelouderandlouder.

3Theraindropsfelloneafteranother.

Themainideasentenceofaparagraphtellswhattheparagraphisabout.Theothersentencesaredetails.Readthestoryandfindthemainidea.

1.Whenyoutakeamultiple-choicetest,doyoueverchangeyouranswers?

Somescientiststhinkthatitisasmartthingtodo.Theyfoundoutthatmoststudentswhochangetheiranswersmaketherightdecisionandmakebetterscoresontheirtests.

Thestorymainlytells_______

howtostudyfortests

whatscientiststhinkaboutanswers

howtoscorebetteronamultiple-choicetest

whichanswerstochangeonatest

2.Becauselambsaresometimeseatenbycoyotes,ranchersmayhuntortrapthecoyotes.However,killingcoyotesmayupsetnature'sbalance.Scientistshavefoundawaytoprotectsheepwithoutkillingcoyotes.Coyotesarefedlambmeattreatedwithadrug.Whentheyeatthemeat,theygetsick.Later,coyoteswon'tevengonearlambs.They'llhuntrabbitsinstead.

Thisstorymainlytells_______

whycoyotespreferrabbitstolambs

whykillingcoyotesupsetsnature'sbalance

howscientistsprotectsheepandcoyotes

whatkindofpeopledon'tlikecoyotes

3.DollyMadisonwasthewifeofPresidentJamesMadison.ShewasquiteabraveFirstLady.WhentheWhiteHouseburneddown,Dollyrescuedimportantgovernmentpapers.ShealsosavedtheportraitofGeorgeWashingtonthathangsintheEastRoomtoday.

Thisstorymainlytells_______

whoDollyMadison'shusbandwas

howtheWhiteHouseburneddown

aboutDolleyMadison'scourageousacts

wheretheportraitofGeorgeWashingtonhangs

4.Everyyearhungrydeerdomillionsofdollars'worthofdamagetoyoungpinetrees.ScientistsinWashingtonhavefoundawaytoprotectthetrees.Theyuseasubstancecalledselenium.Seleniumproducesabadsmellwhendissolved.Abitofthiselementisputinthegroundneartrees.Raindissolvestheselenium,andthetreesabsorbit.Thebadsmellkeepsthedeerawayuntilthetreesarefullygrown.

Thisstorymainlytells_______

howmuchdamagedeerdototrees

howtreescanbeprotectedfromdeer

whatseleniumis

whydeereatpinetrees

5.Inreallife,rattlesnakestrytoavoidpeopleandseldomattack.Mostpeoplearebittenonlyaftertheysteponthesesnakes.Arattlesnakemaynoteveninjectitspoisonwhenitbites.Infact,moreAmericansdiefrominsectstingsthanfromsnakebites!

Thisstorymainlytells_______

howrattlesnakesaren'tasdangerousaseveryonebelieves

whyinsectskillpeople

whenrattlesnakesusetheirpoison

howsnakesbite

6.Imaginetestingglassbythrowingchickensatit?

Sometimesfastmovingairplanesflythroughflocksofbirds.Ifthebirdshitthewindshieldofaplane,theglasscouldshatterandcauseacrash.Airplanemanufacturershavemadeachickencannonthatfiresrubberchickensatglasswindshields.Ifthewindshielddoesn'tbreakwhentherubberchickenhitsit,thedesignersknowthattheglasscanwithstandtheforceofarealcrash.

Thisstorymainlytells_______

whybirdscanbedangeroustoairplanes

howachickcannontestsglass

howbigabirdhastobetodamageanairplane

howthechickencannonworks

7.Thediamondisahardelementthatcancutthroughalmostanymetal.Thatiswhyitisoftenusedforindustrialpurposes.Wholediamondstonesaresetintotools.Dustfromcrusheddiamondstonesisusedforcoatingtheedgesoftools.Caremustbetakenwhenexposingdiamondstoextremeheatbecauseheatcanturnthemintographite.Graphiteisthesoftmaterialusedinthemanufactureofleadforpencils.

Thisstorymainlytells_______

howtoturnadiamondintoagraphite

howdiamondsareusedinindustry

howdiamonddustcoatstooledges

whendiamondsareusedinpencils

8.AlfredNobelinventeddynamitetohelpbuilders,butitwasusedforwar,whichmadehimfeelveryguiltyaboutthemisuseofhisinvention.Hewasarichman,sohesetupa$9millionfund.Todaythefundisusedtorewardpeoplewhohaveimprovedhumanlife.NobelPrizesareawardedinsixfields,includingpeace,medicine,andchemistry.

Thisstorymainlytells_______

whattheNobelPrizesareawardedfor

whyNobelfoundedtheNobelPrizefund

howmuchmoneywassetasideforrewards

whatinventionAlfredNobelcreated

9.ThetemperatureofAntarticaoncefellto128degreesbelowzeroFahrenheit.Inthesummertime,temperaturesaveragewellbelowfreezing.Mostofthelandiscoveredwithicethatisupto2milesthick.Onlyafewstrongmossesandsturdyspiderscanliveonthisbigblockofice.Sinceverylittlesnoworrainfallsthere,Antarticaisadesert.

Thisstorymainlytells_______

aboutadesertwithextremelycoldtemperatures

whichplantsandinsectsliveinAntartica

howmuchsnowandrainfallthere

howlowthetemperatureoncefell

10.TheMarineshadaprobleminWorldWarII.Ordersweresentincode,buttheenemykeptlearningthecode.Nothingcouldbekeptsecret.ThensomeonethoughttheNavajosoldierscouldhelptheMarines.SinceveryfewotherpeoplecouldspeakNavajo,thislanguagewasusedasacode.NooneontheenemysideknewNavajo,sothemessagesstayedsecret.

Thisstorymainlytells_______

howNavajopeoplekeptsecrets

whenthesecretcodewasused

howtheMarinesusedNavajoasacode

whytheoriginalcodehadtobechanged

11.Sharkshaveakeensenseofhearingandcansmellbloodfromalmost2,000yardsaway.Sharksalsohaveaspecialsystemofchannelsintheirskinthathelpsthemfeelthevibrationsofasplashingswimmer.Weknowthatinclearwater,sharkscanseedinnerfromabout50feetaway.Ifyoueverspotashark,alwaysswimawaysmoothly!

Thisstorymainlytells_______

howwellsharkshear

whysharkshavepoorvision

howsharkssensefood

whentoswimawaysmoothly

12.Trousersarearecentstyleinthehistoryoffashion.Menworetightsundershort,loosepantsuntiltheearly1800swhenthefirstrealpantsformenappeared.Untilthe1940sfewwomenworelongpants.DuringWorldWarII,womenfactoryworkersstartedwearinglongpants.Thefashioncaughton.

Thestorymainlytells_______

thatlongpantsareasomewhatnewfashion

whenmenstoppedwearingpantaloons

whoworetights

whywomendon'tweartrousers

13.Ascientistbelievesthatmillionsofanimalshavediedevery26millionyears.Hethinksthatcometsareresponsibleforthosedeaths.CometswouldexplodeonimpactastheyslammedintoEarth.DustfromtheexplosionsblockedlightandheatfromtheSun.PlantsandanimalsonEarthcouldnotwithstandsuchconditions,sotheydied.

Thisstorymainlytells_______

howoftenanimalsdied

whycometsmaycomenearEarth

wherethedustcomesfrom

aboutapossiblecauseofanim