高考英语阅读理解综合练习题含答案解析.docx

高考英语阅读理解综合练习题含答案解析.docx

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高考英语阅读理解综合练习题含答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Atypicalchildplaysmanyroles,suchasfriend,neighbor,sonordaughter.Simplyremindingchildrenofthatfactcanleadtobetterproblem-solvingandmoreflexiblethinking,accordingtonewresearchfromDukeUniversity.

   Betterproblem-solvingwasjustonepositivefindingofthestudy,saidleadauthorSarahGaither,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyandneuroscienceatDuke.Afterthinkingabouttheirownvariousidentities,childrenalsoshowedmoreflexiblethinkingaboutraceandothersocialgroupings—abehaviorthatcouldbevaluableinanincreasinglydiversesociety.

   Inaseriesofexperiments,Gaitherandhercolleagueslookedat196children,ages6and7.Inanexperiment,onegroupofchildrenwasremindedthattheyhadvariousidentities,suchasson,daughter,readerorhelper.Asecondgroupofchildrenwasremindedoftheirmultiplephysicalattributes,suchasamouth,armsandlegs.Allthechildrenthenneededtohandleafewtasks

   Childrenwhowereremindedoftheirvariousidentitiesshowedstrongerproblem-solvingandcreativethinkingskills.Whenshownpicturesofabearstaringathoney-filledbeehive（蜂窝）highupinatree,thesechildrenhadmorecreativeideasforhowthebearmightgetthehoney,suchasturningoverabowlsothatitbecameastool（凳子）.Inotherwords,theysawanewuseforthebowl.Childrenwhowereremindedoftheirmultiplerolesalsoshowedmoreflexiblethinkingaboutsocialgroupings.Whenaskedtocategorizedifferentphotosoffaces,theysuggestedmanywaystoSpso.Theyidentifiedsmilingfacessuchasunsmilingones,andoldandyoungfaces.Theotherchildren,meanwhile,primarilygroupedpeople'sfacesbyraceandgender（性别）.

   The-studysuggestswaystopromoteflexiblethinkingfortheyoung,whichcouldbeespeciallyvaluableforteachers."Gaithersaid.

   "Wehavethistendencyinoursocietytoonlythinkaboutourselvesinconnectionwithoneimportantgroupatatime,"Gaithersaid."Whenkidsthinkthattheyhavevariousidentities,theyshowgreaterabilities."

（1）Whatareallthekidsaskedtodointheexperiments?

A.Playdifferentkindsofroles.

B.Remindothersoftheirroles.

C.Approachseveraltasks.

D.Classifyagroupoftasks.

（2）Howdoestheauthormainlyclarifytheconclusionsofthestudyinparagraph4?

A.Bygivingexamples.

B.Byusingexperts'words.

C.Bylistingafewfigures.

D.Byshowingcauseandeffect.

（3）WhatcanwelearnfromSarahGaither'swords?

A.Improving5kidsflexiblethinkingabilityisimportantteaching.

B.Kidstendtobehaveselflesslyafterthinkingabouttheirroles.

C.Kids'creativethinkingabilityiseasytodiscoveranddevelop.

D.Teachersaresupposedtomakethemostofthekids'flexibility.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Kids'SocialAbilitiesAreConsistentwith.TheirEducation.

B.ConsideringTheirVariousRolesImprovesKids'Abilities.

C.KidsHaveaVarietyofIdentitiesinTheirDailyLife.

D.Problem-solvingAbilityIsNecessaryforMostKids.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了让孩子知道自己有不同的角色可以提高孩子解决问题的能力和创造性思维能力。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Allthechildrenthenneededtohandleafewtasks.”可知，所有的孩子都被要求处理一些任务。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段可推断，第四段主要使用了两个例子来阐明实验得出的结论。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“Thestudysuggestssimplewaystopromoteflexiblethinkingfortheyoung,whichcouldbeespeciallyvaluableforteachers,，Gathersad.”可知,提高孩子的灵活思维的方法对于老师是有价值的。

由此可推断,提高孩子的灵活性思维能力在教育中是很重要的事。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文呢绍了孩子考虑自己的不同的角色可以提高孩子解决问题的能力和创造性思维能力。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgebynow.TheEarthisn'tflat.Nope,yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie.TheholesatthetopofBicbiropensaretheresothat,ifyouswallowoneaccidentally,youcanstillbreatheandwon'tchoketodeath.It'sdebatablewhetherthatlastonethereiscommonknowledgeornot.AquickGooglesearchofthefact,rewrittenasaquestion,showsarticlesaddressingthispointgoingbackseveralyears,withthelatest（re）appearingjustthisweekoveronScienceAlert.Wesupposeit'soneofthosethingsthatcomeupfromtimetotime,likewhatwouldhappenifyouattackYellowstonewithanuclearweapon（notmuch,asitturnsout）.

   IfyoujumpovertoBic'swebsite,undertheirFAQs（frequentlyaskedquestions）,itquiteclearlystates:

"ThereasonthatsomeBIC®penshaveaholeintheircapistopreventthecapfromcompletelyobstructingtheairwayifaccidentallybreathedin.ThisisrequestedbytheinternationalsafetystandardsISO11540,exceptforincaseswherethecapisconsideredtoolargetobeachokingrisk."

   That'sratherlovelyofthem.Inappreciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsycustomers,wethoughtwe'dshareafewmorerandomfactsaboutBicthatareprobablygoingtocomeupinapubquizoneday.Didyouknow,forexample,thateachBicballpointpencanproduceatleast2kilometers（1.2miles）ofinkbeforeitbeginstorunout?

Infact,in2018,7,250kilometers（4,505miles）ofwritingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gelpens（中性笔）,androllerstomakesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard.

   ThebestpartoftheBicsite,however,isthisrathercuriousfact:

"100percentofpenballsaremadethroughahighly-controlledprocess."Asopposedtoahighlyuncontrolledprocess,involvingexplosionsandbouncycastlesandtotalchaos,wesuppose.

（1）WhydoestheauthormentionthecaseofYellowstone?

A. Tolistthefacts.                                                 

B. Toprovehispoint.

C. Tocomparethetwosituations.                       

D. Toemphasizetheimportanceofsafety.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"obstructing"inparagraph2mean?

A. Block.                             

B. Open.                             

C. Transform.                             

D. Narrow.

（3）Whywerethewritingtestsonpenscarriedout?

A. Toworkouttheirlifespan.                               

B. Toassuretheirgoodquality.

C. Toprovesomerandomfacts.                          

D. Tocomparedifferentpenswitheachother.

（4）Inwhattonedoestheauthordevelopthetext?

A. Critical.                             B. Acid.                             C. Humorous.                             D. Serious.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，毕克笔的笔帽上有一个小孔是为了防止那些粗心的使用者不小心吞下而窒息死亡。

这真是粗心使用者的生命通道。

（1）考查推理判断。

毕克笔的笔帽上留一个小孔的原因，且这个问题会被偶尔问到，就像如果你用核武器攻击黄石公园会发生什么事这个问题一样，作者是在举例证明他的观点，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

此处意为当使用者不慎把笔帽吞下时，笔帽上的小孔就是为了阻止笔帽完全阻塞气管而引起窒息，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"Infact,in2018,7,250kilometers（4,505miles）ofwritingtestsonsuchpenswerecarriedoutonballpointpens,gelpens（中性笔）,androllerstomakesuretheyworkedtothehigheststandard."可知，举行书写测试的目的是为了确保笔能够达到最高的标准，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的"Somethingsshouldjustbecommonknowledgebynow.TheEarthisn'tflat.Nope,yourhairandnailsdon'tgrowafteryoudie."和第三段中的"That'sratherlovelyofthem.Inappreciationoftheirwanttonotkillofftheirmoreclumsycustomers"等作者的行文措辞可知，作者笔调轻松幽默，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   AscienceteacherfromruralKenyawhogivesawaymostofhissalarytohelppoorerstudentshasbeenawardedtheworld'sbestteacherand$1million,beating10,000nominationsfrom179countries.PeterTabichi,36,amathsandphysicsteacheratKerikosecondaryschoolinPwaniVillage,haswontheVarkeyFoundationGlobalTeacherPrize2019.

   Tabichigivesaway80%ofhisincometohelpthepooreststudentsatthepoorly-equippedandovercrowdedschoolwhocouldnototherwiseafforduniformsandbooks.Morethan90%ofhisstudentsarefrompoorfamiliesandalmostathirdareorphansorhaveonlyoneparent.Drugabuse,teenagepregnancies,leavingofftheirstudies,youngmarriagesandsuicidearecommon.Studentshavetowalk7kmalongroadsthatcanbecomeimpassableintherainyseasontoreachtheschoolandtheareacanbeaffectedbydroughtandstarvation.

   Despiteonlyhavingonecomputer,apoorInternetconnectionandastudent-teacherratioof58:

1,Tabichistarteda"talentnurturingclub"andexpandedtheschool'sscienceclub,helpingstudentsdesignresearchprojectsofsuchqualitythatmanynowqualifyfornationalcompetitions.

   HisstudentshavetakenpartininternationalsciencecompetitionsandwonanawardfromtheRoyalSocietyofChemistryafterusinglocalplantlifetogenerateelectricity.Tabichiandfourcolleaguesalsogivestrugglingstudentsone-to-onetuitioninmathsandscience,visitingstudents'homesandmeetingtheirfamiliestoidentifythechallengestheyface.

   Acceptingtheprize,TabichisaidAfrica'syoungpeoplewouldnolongerbeheldbackbylowexpectations."Africawillproducescientists,engineersandentrepreneurswhosenameswillbeonedayfamousineverycorneroftheworld."hesaid.

（1）WhatmadePeterTabichiwintheprizein2019?

A. Givingaway$1milliontoeducation.            

B. Teachinginsecondaryschoolsfor36years.

C. FightingdroughtandstarvationinAfrica.     D. HelpingthepoorerstudentsinruralKenya.

（2）WhydidTabichistartthe"talentnurturingclub"?

A. Tocontributemostofhisincome.

B. Toexpandnationalcompetitions.

C. Toguidestudentstodesignresearchprojects.

D. Toencouragestudentstograspopportunities.

（3）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeterTabichiasateacher?

A. Independent.                      

B. Caring.                      

C. Humorous.                      

D. Interesting.

（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A. Africaneducationcostisexpectedtogetlower.

B. Africa