个性化定制ASP NET Whidbey中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

个性化定制ASP NET Whidbey中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

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个性化定制ASPNETWhidbey中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文资料对照外文翻译

原文：

GetPersonalwithASP.NETWhidbey

ConfiguretheProvider

Withbothpersonalizationandmembership,thefirststepisconfiguringtheproviderthatyouwillusetostorethepersonalizationormembershipdata.ThoughyoucancreatetheMicrosoftAccessorMicrosoftSQLServer™databaseandaddthenecessaryconfigurationelementsmanually,theeasierwayistousetheASP.NETWebSiteAdministrationtool,Notethattoconfigureanapplicationsuccessfully,youmustbeloggedinusinganaccountwithadministratorrights（youalsocanlaunchMicrosoftVisualStudio®.NETwithanadministrator-levelaccountusingRunAs...andlaunchtheWebSiteAdministrationtoolfromthebuttoninSolutionExplorer）.

TheASP.NETWebSiteAdministrationtoolprovidesthemeanstoconfigurepersonalizationandmembershipfeatures（theMembershipdatastoreisconfiguredusingtheSecuritytab）,aswellasreportsanddata-accessfeatures.

TocreateanAccess.mdbfileforstoringpersonalizationdata,youneedtoopentheWebSiteAdministrationtool;thefile,namedAspNetDB.mdb,willbecreatedautomaticallyinafoldernamedDATA.AlthoughnotenabledinthebuildofVisualStudioagainstwhichthisarticlewaswritten,theWebSiteAdministrationtoolcontainsanentiresectiondevotedtoconfiguringpersonalizationsettings.Inalatersection,I'llwalkyouthroughaddingthenecessaryconfigurationsectionsbyhand.

YouconfiguretheprovidertouseformembershipservicesusingtheSecuritytaboftheWebSiteAdministrationtool.TheeasiestwaytoconfigurethemembershipprovideristoselecttheSecuritySetupWizard.I'llwalkyouthroughthisprocessmomentarily.

Atthispoint,themembershipdatabasewillbecreated,andthenecessaryconfigurationelementswillbeaddedtotheweb.configfile.Allyouneedtodofromhereisadduserstothedatabase（whichyoucandousingtheWebSiteAdministrationtool,orthemembershipAPIs）,setauthorizationrestrictionsonpagesasdesired,andcreatealoginpage.

Itisimportanttonotethatthedatabasestructurethatiscreatedforbothpersonalizationandmembershipisthesame,soyoucan（andforefficiency'ssake,should）usethesameproviderforbothpersonalizationandmembership.Thatsaid,itispossibletouseadifferentproviderforpersonalizationthanformembership,andvice-versa,ifyouprefer.

Inadditiontothebuilt-inAccessandSQLServerproviders,youcancreateyourowncustomprovidersandconfigureyourapplicationstousetheseproviders.So,ifyoualreadyhaveauser-credentialdatabasethatyou'renotwillingtopartwith,ASP.NETallowsyoutousethatandstillgetthebenefitsthatmembershipservicesprovide.Notethatatthetimeofthiswriting,theactualmeansforcreatingcustomproviderscouldundergosomechangesstill,soI'llsaveademonstrationofcreatingcustomprovidersforafuturearticle.

How'stheDataStored?

UseServerExplorertoseehowdataisstoredinAspNetDB.mdb.JustcreateadatabaseconnectiontoAspNetDB.mdbanddragtablesfromtheconnectiontoapageinyoursite.VisualStudiowillcreateaGridViewcontrolandbindittoanAccessDataSourcecontrol（notethattheASP.NETworkerprocessmusthaveread-writepermissionsonthefoldercontainingthedatabaseforthistowork）.Ifyouhavedifficultybrowsingpagesintheapplication,closetheconnectioninServerExplorerbeforebrowsingthepages.

PersonalizationandMembership:

Whatdotheymean?

Personalizationandmembershipenableyoutocontrolaccesstoyourapplication,aswellastostoreandretrieveinformationaboutusersofyourapplication,includinganonymoususers.Youcancustomizetheappearanceandbehaviorofyourapplicationbasedonthisinformation,andyouevencanallowuserstostoreprofileinformation,suchasashoppingcart,whilebrowsinganonymously,andlatereasilymigratethatinformationtotheirpersonalprofileswhentheylogin.

Personalizationallowsyoutostoreprofileinformationaboutusersofyourapplicationinapersistentdatastore.Personalizationsupportsapluggabledata-providerlayerandasetofAPIsforstoringandretrievingprofileinformationinastronglytypedfashion.Personalizationallowsyoutospecifyoneormorearbitrarypropertiestobestoredinauser'sprofile.Youcanspecifythetypeofeachproperty（whichcanbeasystemtypeorauser-definedtypeorcustomclass）,aswellaswhetherthepropertyistrackedforanonymoususers,whetherthepropertyisread-onlyorread-write,andmore.

Personalizationalsocanbeintegratedwithmembershipservicestoprovideaunifiedsolutionforusermanagement,login,andprofile-informationstorage.Bydefault,theASP.NETpersonalizationsystemassociatesprofileinformationwiththeidentitywithwhichtheuserauthenticates,accessiblethroughHttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name.IfyouareusingASP.NETmembershipservicesforuser-credentialmanagement,thenanytimeauserlogsintoyourapplication,hisorhermembershipidentityautomaticallywillbestoredinHttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name,andallprofileinformationassociatedwiththatidentitywillbeavailabletotheapplication.SupportforstoringprofileinformationforanonymoususersisnotenabledbydefaultandrequiresaddinganelementtotheWeb.configfilefortheapplication,aswellasspecificallymakingeachdesiredpropertyavailableforanonymoususers.

Membershipdescribesthesetoftechnologies,including（aswithpersonalization）aback-endproviderforstoringdata;asetofAPIsformanagingusersandlogins,andsoon;andcontrolsthatallowyoutoadduser-credentialstorageandrelatedfunctionalitytoyourapplicationwithnolinesofcode.

Usercredentialsarestoredinaback-endmembershipdatabasespecifiedbythedataprovideryouconfigureinWeb.config.ASP.NETWhidbeyshipswithAccess,andSQLServerprovidersareavailableoutofthebox.Oncemembershipisconfigured,andusersareaddedtothemembershipdatastore,addingloginfunctionalitytotheapplicationcanbeassimpleasdraggingasinglecontroltoapageintheapplication.TheASP.NETlogincontrols（Login,LoginView,LoginStatus,LoginName,andPasswordRecovery）containallofthelogicnecessarytovalidatecredentialsandperformanynecessaryredirection,andsoon,andaredesignedtointegratewithmembership.

AddPersonalizationProperties

Todemonstratepersonalization,nextI'llshowyouhowtoaddsomepropertydefinitionsandstoreandretrievethemfromapage.Oneofthepropertieswillallowtheusertochooseapagethemethatwillbeusedwhenevertheuservisits.ThemesareanewfeatureofASP.NETWhidbeythatallowyoutomodifythelookandfeelofanentiresitewithasimpleconfigurationsettingorafewlinesofcode.

OpenWeb.configandaddthefollowing,directlyaftertheelement:

type=

"System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection"

allowAnonymous="true"

serializeAs="Xml"/>

Theelementisrequiredinordertoallowanonymousaccesstoanypersonalizationproperties.Thepersonalizationsectioncontainstwoproperties,bothofwhichusetheallowAnonymousattributetoenablethepropertiestobetrackedforuserswhoarenotloggedin.Thefirstproperty,Theme,doesnotspecifyatype,soitwillbetreatedasastring.Thesecondproperty,FavoriteColors,specifiestheStringCollectionclassasitstype.AnyattempttostoredatathatisnotcompatiblewiththeStringCollectionclassinthispropertywillresultinanexceptionbeingthrown.TheserializeAsattributeallowstheStringCollectiontobestoredinthedatabaseasanXMLstring.

CreateanewWebFormintheprojectcalledDefault.aspx.Then,switchtoDesignviewandaddthecontrols,withtheirpropertiessetasspecified.

Table1.Propertiestobeassignedtothecontrolsaddedintheprecedingexamplestep

Control

Properties

DropDownList

ID=Themes

Button

ID=SetTheme

Text=SetTheme

TextBox

ID=textFavColor

Button

ID=AddColor

Text=AddColor

ListBox

ID=listFavColors

SelecttheDropDownListcontrolandinthePropertieswindow,scrolldowntoandselecttheItemsproperty.ClicktheellipsisbuttontoopentheCollectionEditor.Addtwoitems,onewiththetextandvaluesettoBasicBlueandonesettoSmokeAndGlass,andthenclickOK.Double-clicktheSetThemebuttonandaddthefollowingcodetotheeventhandler:

Profile.Theme=Themes.SelectedValue

AddthefollowingeventhandlertotheServerCodewindow:

SubPage_PreInit（ByValsenderAsObject,_

ByValeAsSystem.EventArgs）

IfProfile.Theme=""Then

IfRequest.Form（"Themes"）<>""Then

Page.Theme=Request.Form（"Themes"）

EndIf

Else

Page.Theme=Profile.Theme

EndIf

EndSub

Thiscodeisrequiredtosetthepage'stheme,whichmustbesetinthePage_PreIniteventorearlier.Thecodecheckstoseewhetherathemeisalreadysetfortheuser'spersonalizationprofileandusesthattheme.Ifnothemeexists,thecodecheckstoseeiftheuserhassubmittedthepagewithanewthemechoiceand,ifso,usesthenewtheme.Otherwise,nothemewillbeapplied.

SwitchbacktoDesignviewanddouble-clicktheAddColorbutton.Addthefollowingcodetotheeventhandler:

DimFaveColorAsString=_

Server.HtmlEncode（textFavColor.Text）

DimFaveColorsAsNew_

System.Collections.Specialized.StringCollection

Profile.FavoriteColors.Add（FaveColor）

DisplayFavoriteColors（）

AddthefollowingsubroutinejustbelowtheAddColor_Clickhandler:

SubDis