定语从句讲义教师版.docx
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定语从句讲义教师版
模块简介
☆主要应用：
本模块主要考察引导词的应用,随着高考英语的改革,英语语法的考点也有所改变,现在主要应用在短文改错和语法填空中
☆模块等级：
本模块难度中等,学生的基础稍微弱一些也可以接受,基础弱的学生需要5-8课时（2h/课）不等,中等学生3课时（2h/课）可以基本掌握,基础好的学生1-2课时（2h/课）可以搞定
☆知识分布：
每节课需要先讲解10个高考重点词汇辨析,之后讲解语法知识,语法知识中的例句与练习题可以相应练习本堂课程中的重点词汇,从而达到复习的效果
☆习题分布：
习题包括08-14年高考题,辽宁省模拟题并且平均练习各个考点
☆通关确保：
本部分习题为课后作业,分为牛刀小试,略有所成,炉火纯青等不同难度的单项选择还包括语法填空与短文改错从而达到最高效的练习
☆易混模块：
本模块容易与名词性从句状语从句混淆,所以三大从句讲解完毕之后会配有知识点总结与习题练习
定语从句
【知识清单】
【考点一】句子结构
简单句（只有一套主谓结构）
（1）主.谓Isleep.
（2）主.谓.宾IstudyEnglish.
（4）主.谓.间宾.直宾Hegavemeanoffer.
（3）主.谓.宾.宾补Hemakesmedelighted.
（即双宾语结构）（人一般为间接宾语,物为直接宾语）
（5）主.系.表Iamateacher.
复合句（有两套或两套以上的主谓结构）
合并为一句话
Thegirlisbeautiful.
Thegirlhaslonghair.
（1）并列句①表递进：
and.notonly...butalso....neither...nor...
Shenotonlydanceswellbutalsosingswell.
NeitherdoIknowhisaddress,nordomyparents.
②表选择：
or.Either...or.....
Youcanstayhere,oryoucanleave.
EitheryouleaveorIleave.
③表转折：
but.Yet.Whereas（然而）.
Somemenarerich,whereasothersarepoor.
Hetriedhisbest,buthefailed.
④表因果：
so.For.
Imustbeoffnow,formysisteriswaitingforme.
Iworkhard,soIwasabletopasstheexam.
（2）复合句①定语从句：
The∧girl（whohaslonghair）isbeautiful.
beautiful划线部分作用相同,即定语从句起到形容词的作用
②状语从句：
（时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较）
Ialwayswanttoeatsomethingtastyrecently.
作用相同,即状从起副词作用
IalwayswanttoeatsomethingtastywhenI’mhungry.
③名词性从句：
（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句）
Thenewsmademecrazy.
名词thenews和主语从句作用相同,皆充当主语,即名词性从句起名词作用
（Whathesaid）mademecrazy.
【考点二】定语从句基本概念
定语：
相当于adj.,修饰主句中的名词或代词
定语从句：
相当于adj.,只不过形式是一个句子
基本构成：
Thegirl（whohaslonghair）isbeautiful.
先行词关系词n.&pron,&一句话作用：
（1）连接作用
（2）替代作用（替代先行词）
（3）作句子中的成分
that、as、which、who、whom、whose:
关系代词充当主、宾、表、定
when、where、why：
关系副词充当状语
注：
定从的关系词没有what和how,在定从中,它们就像过街的老鼠,人人喊打,出现就将其pass
【考点三】定语从句和先行词的判断方式
定从：
n+（______+V1）+V2注：
根据动词划分句子是三大从句的基本判断方法
先行词：
能够放入到从句中构成一句话（可加介词和所有格）
【基础过关】
1.Ideliversomeflowerstoawoman_that/who___alwaysappearsinmydreams.
2.Don’tstareatthegirl___that/who____ismyyoungersister.
3.Iprefertotakeabusratherthantakeataxi____that/which___ismoreexpensivethantheformer.
4.Thestoryisverymoving_that/which_isbasedonarealevent.
5.Thehouse____where______Igrewuphasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.
【知识清单】
【考点一】who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语
TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的
【考点二】whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略
Greenistheperson（whom）youtalkedaboutonthebus.
注：
who与whom 都可做宾语,但是若前面有介词,只能用whom,其他情况两者通用
The man （ whom / who/that/不填 ）you met just now is my old friend.
【考点三】whose指谁的,做先行词的定语
指人时：
whose+名词=ofwhom+the+名词=the+名词+ofwhom
指物时：
whose+名词=ofwhich+the+名词=the+名词+ofwhich
【基础过关】
1.I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_that/who/whom____ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
2.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof__whom_____lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.
3.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ___whose_____ liveswere affected.
4.Thepeople__who/that_____arerequiredtoattendthemeetingshouldturnupontime.
5.Thegoods__that/which_____IboughtontheSingleDaywastransportedfromBeijing.
【考点四】which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略
Football is a game which is liked by most boys. （注：
填which、that）
Footballisagamewhichmostboyslike.（注：
which/that/不填都可）
注：
注前面用一句话做先行词,用关系代词which/as引导（常用在非限制定语从句中）
【考点五】as指人或物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语一般不可省略
注：
which和as的区别
（1）当先行词有such、thesame修饰时用as
I'veneverheardsuchstoriesashetells.
注：
suchas与suchthat的区别：
Tomissuchaboy__as__everyonelikes.such...as引导的定语从句
Tomissuchaboy__that__everyonelikeshim.such...that引导的结果状语从句
从句中如果缺成分用as,不缺成分用that
（2）当翻译成“正如”时,用as
Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.
（3）as意为”正如,好像”,位置灵活,which位于先行词后
✧注：
定从中,句首设空必选as.
Asweallknow/Asisknowntousall,YaoMingisfamousforbasketballasabasketballplayertous
YaoMing,Asweallknow,isfamousforbasketballasabasketballplayertous
YaoMingisfamousforbasketballasabasketballplayertous,as/whichweallknow
【基础过关】
1.Theairqualityinthecity,___as_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.
2.Alotoflanguagelearning,___as__hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshould
talkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.
3.Finally he reached a lonely island __which/that______ was completely cut off from theoutside world.
4.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012,__which___madeoneoftheChinesepeople's
long－helddreamscometrue.
5.Herecovershisconfidence__which/that_____makeshimliveabetterlife.
【考点六】that指人时,相当于who或whom；指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略
YesterdayIreceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.
Theperson（that/whom）you introduced to me is very kind.
注：
（1）只用that,不用which的情况（最序不表疑,免重人物重）：
a、当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时用that
ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI'veeverseen.
当先行词前有only、thevery、any、few...等修饰时用that
ThisistheverybusthatI'mwaitingfor.
HeistheonlymanthatIwanttomarry.
b、当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时用that
ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoBeijing.
c、当先行词是指物的不定代词everything、anything、nothing、theone........等时用that
Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosayforyourself?
d、当主从句都是主系表结构时
Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.
e、当主句的主语是疑问词who/which时用that
Whichisthebikethatyoulose?
Whoistheboythatyouwanttogotogether?
f、当先行词既有人又有物时用that
Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout.
（2）绝不用that：
a、prep.（介词）后绝不用that,指人用whom,指物用which
b、逗号后（即非限制定语从句中）绝不用that
注：
that只用于限制性定语从句中,可指物/人
which用于限制性定语从句中和非限制性定语从句中,只能指物
注：
最常考的是“代高序+恰恰”,前提条件：
先行词是“物”、缺宾语时可省略
【基础演练】
1.Thisisthemostamazingpark_that__Ihaveeverseen.
2.Inmyopinion,it’sararevase___that/which_____mostpeoplecan’tafford.
3.Iaminvolvedinanactivity___that/which_____benefitsmealot.
4.Iamupsetwiththepeople___that/who_____willbelate.
5.Theheadmasterrecognizedthethief_____that/who/whom/___thepolicearrested.
【题型分类典题精讲】
【牛刀小试】
1、Whichofthetwosheep_________youkeepproducesmoremilk?
A.whichB.theyC.whatD.that
2、Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.
A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as
3、Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.
A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which
4、Researchersareengagedindevelopingnewenergycars_________arebrightwithenormous
marketpotential.
A.thatarebelievedB.whichtheexpertsbelieveC.theexpertsbelievethatD.theexpertsbelieve
5、Theplanes_______rushustodestinationsaroundtheglobecontributetoglobalwarming,
_______isoftenignoredbythepublic
A.that;whatB.what;whichC.what;asD.that;which
6、Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what
7、HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.
A.thatB.asC.whomD.what
8、Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
9、Women_________drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheart
diseasethanthose________don’t.
Awho;/B/;whoCwho;whoD/;/
【群英荟萃】
1、[2013陕西]______isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.
A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As
2、[2011陕西]Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.
A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose
3、[2013辽宁]Hemaywinthe competition,_______he islikely to get into the national team.
A.in which case B.in that case C.in what case D.in whose case
4、[2013湖南]Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose____aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.
A.whomB.whoC.whatD.Which
5、[2011福建]Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.Who
【鱼目混珠】
1、OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_______parentsseatedtogetherjoking.
A.theirB.whoseC.whichD.that
【知识清单】
【考点一】when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
Istillremembertheday（whenIfirstcametothisschool）.
先行词.时间状语主语谓语宾语
Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedtogetherlastyear
which/that/不填wespenttogetherlastyear
【考点二】where主要用于修饰表示地点的名词,同时它在定语从句中用作地点状语
Thisisthevillagewherehewasborn.
that/which/不填hevisitedlastyear
注：
若先行词是situation、case、point时,从句缺少状语,用where
【考点三】why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语，注意两点：
1.其先行词唯一：
thereason;2.其替代介词唯一：
why=forwhich
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
The reason why he was punished is unknown to us.
I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
【基础演练】
1.Weliveinahigh-techage,___when_____previousinformationiseasytoaccept.
2.It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituation___where____theycanseethemselvesdifferently.
3.Henarrowlyescapeddeathinanavalanche（雪崩）____where_____manypeoplecouldn’tsurvive.
4.Thereason___why____heescapedwasthathediscoverexplosion.
5.Hewasadmittedtotheuniversity__where_____manycelebritiesoncestudied.
6.Iamstrugglinginthesituation___where_____Ihavetochooseonebetweenmymotherandmygirlfriend.
7.Thereason____why____hewaspromotedisthatheworkedhard.
【题型分类典题精讲】
【牛刀小试】
1、Aftergraduationfromhighschoolwewillreachapoint______wehavetodecidewhichuniversity
toattend．
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
2、Thereason____
升级会员 