美国文学课后习题文档格式.docx

美国文学课后习题文档格式.docx

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whereasthesongisnaturallyinvisible.

2.Inwhatcircumstancesdidhefindthemagain?

Hefindsthemunexpectedlyyearslaterfromthetrunkofatreeandtheheartofafriend.

3.Whatdoarrowandsongstandforinthispoem?

Theimagesofarrowandsongheremaystandforfriendship.

（2）APsalmofLife

1.Whatkindofpersonisthespeakerofthispoem?

Thespeakerisamanofaction,alwaysoptimisticandcheerful,tryingtoachieveasmuchaspossibleintheshortspanoflife.

2.Accordingtothepoem,howshouldourlivesbeledtoovercomethefactthateachdaybringsusnearertodeath?

Weshouldworkharderandlivehappier.

3.Interpretthemetaphorof"

Footprintsonthesandoftime"

（line28）.

Themetaphorreferstohumandeedsinreallife.

2.WaltWhitman

（1）One'

sSelfISing

1.Whatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone'

sself?

Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit,whichistypicalofAmericanpeople.

2.Whatisthedifferencebetweenphysiologyandphysiognomy?

Physiologyisasciencethatdealswiththefunctionsandlifeprocessofhumanbeings,whereasphysiognomyreferstoanartofjudgingcharacterfromcontoursoffaceitselfortheappearanceofaperson.

3.WhatdoesWhitmanmeanbythetermof"

theModernMan"

?

Hemeansthatamanshouldbefreefromanyprejudiceandpride,totallydifferentfromthetraditionalone,thatisfullofbias.

（3）OCaptain!

MyCaptain!

1.Whyistheword"

Captain"

capitalizedthroughoutthepoem?

Inthispoemtheword“Captain”speciallyreferstoAbrahamLincoln,presidentoftheUnitedStates.

2.Whatoverallmetaphordoesthepoetemployinthispoem?

Lifeisajourney.

3.Whydopeopleontheshoresexultandbellsring,whilethespeakerremainssosad?

Theywelcometheshipreturningfromitshardtrip,whereasthespeakerissadbecausethecaptainfailstoreceivehisownhonor.

3.EmilyDickinson

（1）ToMakeaPrairie…

1.Whatthingsareneededto"

make"

aprairie?

Inwhatsensecanonereallydoit?

Somegrassandinsectsandsmallanimals.Peoplecanmakeaprairiewiththeirimagination.

2.Howcan"

reveryalone"

createaprairie?

Theprairiestaysinone'

smind.

（2）SuccessIsCountedSweetest

1.Whyissuccess"

countedsweetestbythosewhone'

ersucceed"

Thosewhohavetastedthebitternessoffailurewouldhaveakeenerdesireforsuccess.

2.Whoare"

thepurplehost"

Theso-calledsuccessfulpeopleintheworld.

3.Whois"

he"

inthelaststanza?

Anyonewhoispursuinghissuccess.

（3）I'

mNobody!

1.Whoarethe"

pairofus"

and"

they"

inthispoem?

The"

referstothespeakerinthepoemandthereader,and"

referstothepublic,especiallythoseinpower.

2.Whatdoes"

anadmiringbog"

reallymean?

"

ItImpliesthevainandemptycommonpeople,whoarealwaysadmiringandpursuingthecelebrities.

3.Whatisthethemeofthispoem?

Therealadmirablelifeisasecludedandcommonone.

4.Doyouwanttobe"

nobody"

or"

somebody"

Explainyourreasons.

Differentpersonswouldhavedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Personally,Iprefertobenobody.

Unit1720th-CenturyAmericanPoets

1.EzraPound

InAStationoftheMetro

1.Whydoesthepoetcallthefacesofpedestrians"

apparition"

Thesepedestriansareallwalkinginahurryamidstthedrizzlingrain.

2.Whatdo"

petals"

bough"

standfor?

Petalsrefertothefaceswhiletheboughstandsforthefloatingcrowd.

2.WallaceStevens

AnecdoteoftheJar

1.Whatdoesthejarinpoemsymbolize?

Whydoesthespeakerplaceitontopofahill?

Thejarheresymbolizesacertainperspectiveonlookingatthisworld.Iftheperspectiveoftheviewingiscreativeandunique,itwillchangetheconventionalorderoftheoldworld.Whenanewperspectivecomesout,itwillcertainlyholdattentionfromtherest.

2.Thejaris"

round"

ofaportinair,"

meaningthatithasastatelyimportance.Whateffectdoesithaveonsurroundingswhenplacedontheground?

Maybetheroundjarassumestheairofadomineeringfigure,whichhelpstoformacertainorderoutofthedisorderedsurrounding.

3.HowdidthewildernessofTennesseecharacterized?

Whatwordsorphrasesdoesthepoetusetodescribeit?

Tennesseeseemstoaplacefulloflifeandenergy.“Slovenly,”“sprawl”and“wild”aresomeofthewordsusedtodescribetheplace.（SeeAnecdoteoftheJar）

3.WilliamCarlosWilliams

WilliamCarlosWilliams

1.Howdoesthefirsttwolinesdifferfromtheotherpairsoflines?

Eachofthelastthreecoupletscreatesavisualimage（“aredwheelbarrow,”“glazedwithrainwater,”and“thewhitechickens”）,whereasthefirstonedoesnot.

2.Whatisthemostvisuallycompellingwordineachofthelastthreepairsoflines?

Theyare“red,glazedandwhite”.（SeeEXPLANATION:

“TheRedWheelbarrow”below）

3.Whatisthemeaningof"

dependsupon"

inthefirstpairoflines?

Theopeninglinessetthetonefortherestofthepoem.Sincethepoemiscomposedofonesentencebrokenupatvariousintervals,itistruthfultosaythat'

somuchdependsupon'

eachlineofthepoem.Thisissobecausetheformofthepoemisalsoitsmeaning.Thismayseemconfusing,butbytheendofthepoemtheimageofthewheelbarrowisseenastheactualpoem,asinapaintingwhenoneseesanimageofanapple,theapplerepresentsanactualobjectinreality,butsinceitispartofapaintingtheapplealsobecomestheactualpieceofart.Theselinesarealsoimportantbecausetheyintroducetheideathat'

thewheelbarrow.SEEanswer1.

4.RobertFrost

（1）FireandIce

1.Whatarethesymbolicmeaningsoffireinthispoem?

Firesymbolizesnaturaldisaster,humanpassion,aswellaswar.

2.Whydoesthespeakersaythaticeisalsogreatfordestruction?

Explainwhaticestandsforhere.

Ice,opposetofire,isalsoadreadfulnaturaldisasterinthisworld,andiceisalwaysrelatedtoindifference,coldness,hatred,andtheothernegativesentimentsofhumanbeings.

3.Whatisyouropinionaboutfireandice?

Whichoneismoredestructive?

Bothfireandicecandestroythisbeautifulworldiftheyarebeyondcontrolofhumanbeings.Thereforeweshouldbeopen-mindedandreduceourprejudiceandpridesoastokeepthisworldinpeace.

（2）StoppingByWoodsOnaSnowyEvening

1.Inyouropinion,whatwasthereasonthatmadethespeakerstopbythewoodsonasnowyevening?

Thepoetwasdeeplyattractedbythenaturalbeautyofthesceneatthatverymoment.

2.Whydidthehorsegivetheharnessbellashake?

Thehorsegrewimpatientbystoppinginthemiddleofthedark,coldwoodsatmidnight.Itwaseagertogohome.

3.Whycouldn'

tthespeakerstaylongerbythewoodstoappreciateitsmysteriousbeauty?

Herealizedthatitwaslateatnightandhewouldhavetohurryhometogetsomefoodandsleep,becausethenextmorninghewouldhavealotofworktodo.

4.Whatistheeffectofrepetitioninthelasttwolines?

Therefrain-likerepetitioninthelasttwolinesremindsthereaderasimplefactoflife:

whateverhappens,onemustgoforwardinthejourneyofhisorherlife.

（3）TheRoadNotTaken

1.Whatisthespeaker'

sinitialresponsetothedivergenceofthetworoads?

Thespeakerisatalosswhichroadheshouldchoose,andhefeelssorrythathecannotexplorebothroadsatthesametime.

2.Describethesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthesetworoads.Whichonedoesthespeakertake?

Tworoadsaresimilarexceptoneofthemismore“grassy,”whichimpliesthatitislesstraveledbypeople.Thespeakerprefersthelesstraveledone,becausehelikesadventure.

3.Whatmightthetworoadsstandforinthespeaker'

smind?

Oneroadstandsforthetraditionaloneandtheotherisunconventionaloneandfullofchallengesanddifficulties.Tofollowotherpeople'

sfootstepsortoopenanewroadforhimselfisreallynotaneasydecisionforustomakeinourlives.

5.LangstonHughes

（1）Dreams

1.Whymustwesticktoourdreams?

IfGodisnotthefirstmoveinourlife,surelyourdreamsarethesame.

2.Whatimagesdoesthepoetemploytodescribethelifeonceweloseourdreams?

Withoutdreamsourlifewillbeabrokenbirdandabarrenfield.Ithinkwithoutdreamourlifewillbea