试论《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》中女主人公人生悲剧的根源英语学位论文.docx

试论《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》中女主人公人生悲剧的根源英语学位论文.docx

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试论《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》中女主人公人生悲剧的根源英语学位论文

本科生毕业论文（设计）

OntheRootsoftheHeroine’sTragedyinLongDay’sJourneyintoNight

试论《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》中女主人公人生悲剧的根源

学院西方语言学院

专业英语

姓名陆娜

学号12204340416

指导教师曹敏职称讲师

2016年5月20日

诚信承诺书

1.本人郑重承诺：

所呈交的毕业论文（设计），题目《》是本人在指导教师指导下独立完成的，没有弄虚作假，没有抄袭、剽窃别人的内容；

2.毕业论文（设计）所使用的相关资料、数据、观点等均真实可靠，文中所有引用的他人观点、材料、数据、图表均已注释说明来源；

3.毕业论文（设计）中无抄袭、剽窃或不正当引用他人学术观点、思想和学术成果，伪造、篡改数据的情况；

4.本人已被告知并清楚：

学校对毕业论文（设计）中的抄袭、剽窃、弄虚作假等违反学术规范的行为将严肃处理，并可能导致毕业论文（设计）成绩不合格，无法正常毕业、取消学士学位资格或注销并追回已发放的毕业证书、学士学位证书等严重后果；

5.若在省教育厅、学校组织的毕业论文（设计）检查、评比中，被发现有抄袭、剽窃、弄虚作假等违反学术规范的行为，本人愿意接受学校按有关规定给予的处理，并承担相应责任。

学生（签名）：

日期：

年月日

Acknowledgments

Inpreparingandwritingthisthesis,Ihavegotalotofhelpfrommysupervisorandfriends.Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmysincerethankstothosepeoplewhohavehelpedmeduringthisperiod.

Firstofall,IamextremelygratefultomysupervisorMs.CaoMin.Shepatientlyreadanddraftedmythesis.Ibenefitalotfromhercarefulrevision,valuablesuggestionsandguidance.

Secondly,IwouldalsoliketoexpressmygratitudetoallmyteachersinSchoolofWesternLanguages,towhomIowemuchofmyknowledgeintheEnglishlanguage,linguistics,literatureandtranslationtheoriesduringthefour-yearstudy.TheyareMs.XvXiaoyan,Ms.WuJingjingandMr.ZhuCheng.Theirlectureshavebroadenedmyknowledgeandhorizon.Ihavebenefitalotfromtheirearnestteachingandenlighteningwhichareofgreathelpformystudy.

Finally,mydeepestgratitudetoallmyfamilymemberswhotakegoodcareofmylifeandgivealotofencouragementwhenIwasworkingatthisthesis.Theyalwayssharemywealandwoe.Ifeelmuchgratefulandheartilyoweachievementstothem.

OntheRootsoftheHeroine’sTragedyinLongDay’sJourneyintoNight

LuNa,SchoolofWesternLanguage

Abstract:

EugeneO’NeillwasthefirstgreatplaywrightofAmerica.Beforehebecamefamousindrama,dramainAmericahadbeen,forthemostpart,anundistinguishedaffair.Afterhereceivedwideacknowledge,thephrase“Americadrama”begantotakeonsignificance.LongDay’sJourneyintoNightisafamilytragedy,whichmarkstheclimaxofO’Neill’sliterarycareer.Itrepresentsthehuman’sstruggleforthemeaningoflife.

Thisthesisincludesfourparts.Thefirstpartisintroduction.Itdealswiththeauthorandhisworks、relatedresearchesathomeandabroad、reasonsandsignificanceofthestudy.Chaptertwofromthesocialfactorsincapitalism、intrinsicqualityofhumannature、familymember’sinfluencethreeaspectstodiscussthereasonsoftheheroine’stragedy.Andthispartisthekeytothethesis.Chapterthreediscusseswhatshouldthecontemporarywomandotoavoidthetragedy.Thefinalpartofthethesissummarizesthemainpartsinthepreviouschaptersandpointsoutthelimitationandproblemsthatexistinresearch.

KeyWords:

EugeneO’Neill;Tragedy;Woman

试论《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》中女主人公人生悲剧的根源

陆娜，西方语言学院

摘要：

尤金.奥尼尔是美国一位伟大的戏剧家。

在他之前，美国只有剧院、没有戏剧，他的出现使美国开始有了自己的戏剧。

《进入黑夜的漫长旅程》是一出家庭悲剧，标志着作者后期创作的一个高峰，反映了人类为寻找生活的意义而挣扎的主题。

论文由四部分组成。

首先是综述部分，介绍作者及其著作、国内外的相关研究、本人选此课题的原因及研究价值。

第二章则从资本主义中的社会因素、人性本身的内在品质、家庭成员的影响三方面讨论女主人公人生悲剧形成的原因。

这是本文的重点。

第三章则是通过分析女主人公悲剧形成的原因探讨当代女性应如何避免悲剧的重演。

论文的最后一部分总结了前几章的主要观点，并指出了研究中存在的问题和局限。

关键词：

尤金.奥尼尔；悲剧；女性

TableofContents

Acknowledgements

Abstract

摘要

TableofContents

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1TheSignificanceoftheStudy

1.2LiteratureReview

1.3ResearchMethods

ChapterTwoTheRootsofTheHeroine’sTragedy

2.1SocialFactorsinCapitalism

2.1,1TheSecondIndustrialRevolutionintheUS

2.1.2TheDevelopmentofMonopolyCapitalism

2.1.3TheInfluenceofMaleChauvinism

2.2IntrinsicQualityofHumanNature

2.3TheFamilyMembers’Influence

2.3.1BeforeMarriage,HerFather’sEducation

2.3.2AfterMarriage,theIsolationandInjuryofHerFamily

ChapterThreeWhatShouldtheModernWomanDo

3.1EstablishtheCorrectGenderConcept

3.2CorrectUnderstandingofFeminism

3.2.1WhatisFeminism

3.2.2TheDevelopmentofFeminism

ChapterFourConclusion

4.1MajorFindingsoftheStudy

4.2LimitationsoftheStudyandSuggestionsfortheFurtherStudy

Bibliography

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1TheSignificanceoftheStudy

AsweallknowthatEugeneO’Neill,theauthorofLongDay’sJourneyintoNight,isoneofthemostfamousplaywrightsofAmerica.Beforehebecamefamousinthefieldofdrama,therewasnodramainAmerica.Afterhebecamefamous,the“Americadrama”begantotakeonsignificance.Duringhislifetime,O’NeillwonthreePulitzerPrizesandwasawardedtheNobelPrizein1936.In1956,threeyearsafterhisdeath,hewasgrantedanotherPulitzerPrizeduetothesuccessofhisautobiographicalplayLongDay’sJourneyintoNight.

EugeneO’NeillwasborninNewYorkintoanIrish-Catholicfamily.Hisearlylifewasrestless.HewasthesonofJamesO’Neill,oneofthemostpopularAmericanactorsofhisday,whospentmostofhislifeintheleadroleofthepopularmelodramaTheCountofMonteCristo.LongDay’sJourneyintoNightisunanimouslyregardedasO’Neill’smasterpiece.Althoughthisworkwasnotmadepublicuntil25yearsafterhisdeath,in1956CarlottaarrangedforhisautobiographicalmasterpieceLongDay’sJourneyintoNighttobepublishedandwonthePulitzerPrizein1957.Thewholeplaycoversabouteighteenhoursonasummerdayin1912.Theshabbyliving-roomandpoorlyfurnishedhouseoftheTyrones.ThefourTyroneparticipateinaseriesofdiscussions,argumentsanddisputes.MaryTyrone,themother,abeautifulIrishwomanwhoforlovegivesupheroriginaldesireofservingGodandgetmarriedwithapopularIrishactor,thenshegetsaddictedtodrugs.JamesTyrone,thefather,apromisingShakespeareanactor,whoforearningmoneybuyamelodramaandforsavingmoneyrefusetousegoodmedicinewhenhisfamilymembersfallill.JamieTyrone,whowastheeldersonanddesertedspirituallybyhismotherandindulgehimselfamongwhoresandondrinking.EdmundTyrone,theyoungerson,whogotalltheloveofhismother,buthasbeensufferingfromaseverecold,thedeadlytuberculosis.TheplayfocusesontheTyronefamily,whoseonce-closefamilyhasworsenedovertheyearsduetoalotofreasons:

Mary’sdrugaddiction,JamieandEdmund’salcoholism,Tyrone’sstinginess,andavarietyofotherreasons.Theplayisatragicbecauseitleaveslittlehopeforthefuture;inadditiontothis,thefuturefortheTyronescanbeseenasalongcycleofrepeatedbyalcoholandmorphine.

O’Neill’splay’sstylefromsatiretotragedy,theyoftenrepresentpeoplewhohavenohopeofcontrollingtheirdestiniesandbreakingthefetter.Thispaperwillexploretherootsoftheheroine’stragedyinLongDay’sJourneyintoNight.Weknowthattheheroine’stragedywasinfluencedbythesocialfactorsincapitalism,intrinsicqualityofhumannatureandsoon.Inmanyaspects,thereasonofMary’stragedywasunderthepatriarchalsocietywomenhavethelowsocialstatusandtheycouldnotcontroltheirowndestiny.Inotherwords,manwasthemasterofawoman.Nowadays,wearelivinginanenvironmentofpoliticalstabilityandsocialharmony,whetherweshouldestablishthecorrectgenderconceptandrealizetherealequalityofmenandwomen,thisisasignificantquestion.

1.2LiteratureReview

Asoneofthemostsuccessfulautobiographicaldramainliterature,Mary’stragedyinLongDay’sJourneyintoNighthasbeenstudiedfromvariousperspectives.Forexample,withtheappearanceofSophusWinter’sO’Neill:

ACriticalStudy（1934）,O’Neill’spositionasamajorandsignificancefigureinAmericatheatreaswellasinworlddramawasestablished.（Manheim236）Eversince,booksofnumeroustopicsonO’Neillandhisworkshavebeenpublishedoneafteranother,suchasDorisV.Falk’sEugeneO’NeillandtheTragicTension（1958）,NormandBerlin’sEugeneO’Neill（1982）,DorisAlexander’sTheTemperingofEugeneO’Neill（1962）.InChina,thestudiesofEugeneO’Neillbeganin1930s,abouttenyearslatertheninAmerica.Theearlieststudiesweretranslationofhisplayandliteraryreview.Fromtheendingof20thcentury,thestudyofO’NeillbroughtintoanewstageinChina.ManycollectionsofO’Neill’sessayswerepublishedbyLiaoKedui,WangYiqun,LongWenpeiandothers,andthearticlesonEugeneO’NeillwrittenweredividedintomanygroupsbyvariousChinesescholars.InthefollowingpartthewriterwillhaveanoverallanalysisofMary’stragedyfromO’Neilltragicthought.Tosumup,throughthedifferentcommentshowsvariousunderstandingofMary’stragedy,thischaractercanbeanalyzedfurtheranddeeply.

1.3ResearchMethods

ThispaperisgoingtoresearchthemainheroineinLongDay’sJourneyintoNight.Theresearchwillresorttotheliteraturecriticismofmalechauvinismandbaseontheviewpointsofvariousscholars.Itwillalsorelatetothesocialenvironmentandhistoricalbackgroundofthedrama.ThepaperwillresearchonthelifebackgroundofMaryTyroneandherattitudeforlifefromyoungtoold.Besides,thepaperswillalsoanalysistheinfluencesofpatriarchalsociety,analysisaregoingtobeusedasresearchmethods.

ChapterTwoTheRootsofTheHeroine’sTragedy

2.1SocialFactorsinCapitalism

2.1.1TheSecondIndustrialRevolutioninAmerica

Afterthefirstindustrialrevolution,NorthAmericaneconomydevelopedrapidly,butthesoutheconomicstillkeepingslowlydevelopment.TheAmericanbrokeouttheCivilWarduetotheunbalancedeconomicdevelopment.Soattheendingof19thcentury,theUnitedStatesbeganthesecondindustrialrevolution,whichhasgreatlypromotedthedevelopmentofsocialproductivityinAmericaandhadaprofoundimpactonAmerica’secono