关于如何戒除网瘾的英语作文400字就行Word文档格式.docx

关于如何戒除网瘾的英语作文400字就行Word文档格式.docx

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　　Ifapersonknowsthatheorshehasdifficultywithotherformsofaddictivebehavior,theyshouldbecautiousinexploringthetypesofapplicationthatareusedontheInternet.Inaddition,itisimportantforpeopletoengageinsocialactivitiesoutsidetheInternet.Finally,mentalhealthworkersshouldinvestigatewaysinwhichtoparticipateintheimplementationofnewtechnologyratherthanwaitingforitsaftereffects.

　　Symptoms

　　OnesymptomofInternetaddictionisexcessivetimedevotedtoInternetuse.Apersonmighthavedifficultycuttingdownonhisorheronlinetimeevenwhentheyarethreatenedwithpoorgradesorlossofajob.TherehavebeencasesreportedofcollegestudentsfailingcoursesbecausetheywouldnottaketimeofffromInternetusetoattendclasses.Othersymptomsofaddictionmayincludelackofsleep,fatigue,declininggradesorpoorjobperformance,apathy,andracingthoughts.Theremayalsobeadecreasedinvestmentinsocialrelationshipsandactivities.Apersonmaylieabouthowmuchtimewasspentonlineordenythattheyhaveaproblem.Theymaybeirritablewhenoffline,orangrytowardanyonewhoquestionstheirtimeontheInternet.

　Treatments

　　SinceInternetaddictiondisorderisarelativelynewphenomenon,thereislittleresearchontheeffectivenessoftreatmentprocedures.SomeprofessionalsadvocateabstinencefromtheInternet.OthersarguethatitmaybeunrealistictohaveapersoncompletelyendallInternetuse.Associetybecomesmoreandmoredependentoncomputersforbusinesstransactions,educationalprograms,entertainment,andaccesstoinformationaswellasinterpersonalcommunication,itwillbedifficultforacomputer-literatepersontoavoidusingtheInternet.LearninghowtousetheInternetinmoderationisoftenthemainobjectiveintherapy,inawayanalogoustothewaythatpeoplewitheatingdisordersneedtocometotermswithfood.ManyoftheproceduresthathavebeenusedtotreatInternetaddictionhavebeenmodeledafterotheraddictiontreatmentprogramsandsupportgroups.

　　Ifaperson'

sInternetaddictiondisorderhasabiologicaldimension,thensuchmedicationasanantidepressantoranti-anxietydrugmayhelpthemwiththeseaspectsoftheaddiction.PsychologicalinterventionsmayincludesuchapproachesaschangingtheenvironmenttoalterassociationsthathavebeenmadewithInternetuse,ordecreasethereinforcementreceivedfromexcessiveInternetuse.PsychologicalinterventionsmayalsohelpthepersonidentifythoughtsandfeelingsthattriggertheiruseoftheInternet.Interpersonalinterventionsmayincludesuchapproachesassocialskillstrainingorcoachingincommunicationskills.FamilyandcoupletherapymaybeindicatediftheuseristurningtotheInternettoescapefromproblemsintheseareasoflife.

　　Relapsingintoanaddictivebehavioriscommonforanyonedealingwithaddictiondisorders.Recognizingandpreparingforrelapseisoftenapartofthetreatmentprocess.IdentifyingsituationsthatwouldtriggerexcessiveInternetuseandgeneratingwaystodealwiththesesituationscangreatlyreducethepossibilityoftotalrelapse.

　　Causesandsymptoms

　　Causes

　　NooneknowswhatcausesapersontobeaddictedtotheInternet,butthereareseveralfactorsthathavebeenproposedascontributingtoInternetaddiction.Onetheoryconcernsthemood-alteringpotentialofbehaviorsrelatedtoprocessaddictions.Justasapersonaddictedtoshoppingmayfeelarushorpleasurablechangeinmoodfromtheseriesofactionsrelatedtoaspendingspree—checkingone'

screditcards,drivingtothemall,goingintoone'

sfavoritestore,etc.—thepersonwithanInternetaddictionmayfeelasimilarrushfrombootinguptheircomputerandgoingtotheirfavoritewebsites.Inotherwords,someresearchersthinkthattherearechemicalchangesthatoccurinthebodywhensomeoneisengaginginanaddictivebehavior.Furthermore,fromabiologicalstandpoint,theremaybeacombinationofgenesthatmakeapersonmoresusceptibletoaddictivebehaviors,justasresearchershavelocatedgenesthataffectaperson'

ssusceptibilitytoalcohol.

　　Inadditiontohavingfeaturesofaprocessaddiction,InternetusemightbereinforcedbypleasurablethoughtsandfeelingsthatoccurwhilethepersonisusingtheInternet.Althoughresearchersinthefieldofaddictionstudiesquestiontheconceptofanaddictivepersonalityassuch,itispossiblethatsomeonewhohasoneaddictionmaybepronetobecomeaddictedtoothersubstancesoractivities,includingInternetuse.Peoplewithsuchothermentaldisordersorsymptomsasdepression,feelingsofisolation,stress,oranxiety,mayself-medicatebyusingtheInternetinthesamewaythatsomepeopleusealcoholordrugsofabusetoself-medicatethesymptomsoftheirmentaldisorder.

　　Fromasocialorinterpersonalstandpoint,theremaybefamilialfactorspromptinguseoftheInternet.For

　　PeoplewhodevelopproblemswiththeirInternetusemaystartoffusingtheInternetonacasualbasisandthenprogresstousingthetechnologyindysfunctionalways.UseoftheInternetmayinterferewiththeperson'

ssociallife,schoolwork,orjob-relatedtasksatwork.ManyofthetreatmentsthathavebeenusedforInternetaddictionhavebeenmodeledafterotheraddictiontreatmentprogramsandsupportgroups.（OlegNikishin/GettyImages.Reproducedbypermission.）example,apersonmightsurftheWebtoescapefamilyconflict.AnotherpossibilityisthatsocialorpeerdynamicsmightpromptexcessiveInternetuse.Someaffectedpersonsmaylackthesocialskillsthatwouldenablethemtomeetpeopleinpersonratherthanonline.PeerbehaviormightalsoencourageInternetuseifone'

sfriendsareusingit.Modelingmayplayarole—userscanwitnessandexperiencehowothersengageinInternetuseandthenreplicatethatbehavior.TheinteractiveaspectsoftheInternet,suchaschatrooms,e-mail,andinteractivegameslikeMulti-UserDungeonsandDragons（MUDS）,seemtobemorelikelytoleadtoInternetaddictionthanpurelysolitarywebsurfing.

　　OnequestionthathasnotyetbeenansweredconcerningInternetaddictioniswhetheritisadistinctivetypeofaddictionorsimplyaninstanceofanewtechnologybeingusedtosupportotheraddictions.Forexample,therearegamblingcasinosontheInternetthatcouldreinforceaperson'

spre-existinggamblingaddiction.Similarly,someoneaddictedtoshoppingcouldtransfertheiraddictionfromthelocalmalltoonlinestores.PersonsaddictedtocertainformsofsexualbehaviorcanvisitpornographysitesontheInternetorusechatroomsasawaytomeetotherswhomightbewillingtoparticipateinthoseformsofbehavior.ResearchersmayneedtodeterminewhetherthereissuchadisorderaspureInternetaddiction.

　　Demographics

　　Inthepast,peoplereportedtohaveanInternetaddictiondisorderwerestereotypedasyoung,introverted,sociallyawkward,computer-orientedmales.Whilethisstereotypemayhavebeentrueinthepast,theavailabilityofcomputersandtheincreasedeaseofaccesstotheInternetarequicklychallengingthisnotion.Asaresult,problematicInternetusecanbefoundinanyagegroup,socialclass,racialorethnicgroup,levelofeducationandincome,andgender.

　　Diagnosis

　　Aspreviouslynoted,InternetaddictiondisorderhasnotyetbeenaddedasanofficialdiagnosistotheDSM.Thefollowing,however,isasetofcriteriaforInternetaddictionthathasbeenproposedbyaddictionresearchers.Thecriteriaarebasedonthediagnosticstandardsforpathologicalgambling.

　　Thepatientmustmeetallofthefollowingcriteria:

　　HeorsheispreoccupiedwiththeInternet（thinksaboutpreviousonlineactivityorisanticipatingthenextonlinesession）.

　　Heorsheneedstospendlongerandlongerperiodsoftimeonlineinordertofeelsatisfied.

　　Heorshehasmadeunsuccessfuleffortstocontrol,cutback,orstopInternetuse.

　　Heorsheisrestless,moody,depressed,orirritablewhenattemptingtocutdownorstopInternetuse.

　　Heorsherepeatedlystaysonlinelongerthanheorsheoriginallyintended.

　　Thepersonmustmeetatleastoneofthefollowingcriteria:

　　Heorshehasjeopardizedorriskedthelossofasignificantrelationship,job,educationalorcareeropportunitybecauseofInternetuse.

　　Heorshehasliedtofamilymembers,atherapist,orotherstoconcealtheextentofinvolvementwiththeInternet.

　　HeorsheusestheInternetasawayofescapingfromproblemsorofrelievinganunpleasantmood（suchasfeelingsofhelplessness,guilt,anxiety,ordepression）.

　　Prognosis

　　Althoughextensivestudieshavenotyetbeendone,treatmentappearstobeeffectiveinmaintainingandchangingthebehaviorofpeopledrawntoexcessiveuseoftheInternet.Ifthedisorderisleftuntreated,thepersonmayexperienceanincreasedamountofconflictinhisorherrelationships.ExcessiveInternetusemayjeopardizeaperson'

semploymentoracademicstanding.Inaddition,suchphysicalproblemsmaydevelopasfatigue,carpaltunnelsyndrome,backpain,andeyestrain.