如何阅读新闻和具体新闻.docx
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如何阅读新闻和具体新闻
如何阅读英文报刊中的新闻报道
目前，越来越多的英语学习者认识到阅读英文报刊是很好的学习英语的途径。
英文报刊不仅能使英语学习者开拓眼界，与时俱进，更重要的是它给我们提供了一个多种多样的“习得”英语的环境。
那么，新闻报道作为报刊的“主打”，我们应该怎样去阅读和利用它呢？
一、新闻报道的构成要素及特点
1.标题（Headline）
标题是一篇新闻报道内容的关键，是读者对阅读内容的第一印象。
它必须立意新颖，生动醒目，不拘一格，而由于报刊版面的局限，标题又必须简明扼要，一语言中。
一般来说，标题具有以下几方面的特点：
（1）时态和语态的变化
a.新闻报道是新近发生的事实，也有已经发生或刚刚发生的，为了给读者以新鲜生动的现实感，常采用一般现在时。
如：
Muslimfestivalisstruckbytragedy
O'Nealproveshisstarvalue
b.用现在分词来表示现在进行时态，使语言更加简洁。
如：
Jiang:
Macaorunningsmoothly
Hi-techbreeding
c.用不定式表示将来时态。
如：
Beijingtohostmoretalks
Palestine,UStoholdpeacetalks
d.用过去分词表示被动语态，即省略被动结构中的be动词。
如：
Biggestzooplanned
Twoforeignlanguagestaughttokidsinjuniorschools
（2）词语的省略
标题常省去某些语法成分或词语，主要是只有语法功能的虚词，如冠词、代词、系动词、助动词、连词等。
如：
省略系动词、冠词：
China（is）in（a）flufight
省略代词、系动词：
（It's）Hardtobreakdrinkinghabit
省略连词：
（Therewasa）Storminateacup
（3）使用缩略词
国家、机构、职务及一些大家公认的事物名称常用缩略词表示。
如：
PRC（ThePeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国）
EU（EuropeanUnion欧盟）
PM（PrimeMinister首相）
UFO（UnidentifiedFlyingObject不明飞行物）
2.导语（Lead）
一般来讲，导语即新闻报道的第一段，通常是对标题所表明的中心内容进行的一句话阐示。
句子往往为主谓宾结构，而且具有简短精练的特点，因此导语常常突出一个新闻要素。
如：
人物要素导语突出新闻中的人物；事件要素导语突出事件；地点要素导语突出地点；时间要素导语突出时间；还有原因要素导语等。
导语乃新闻的mainidea，新闻中某一要素的重要性亦可显示在导语中。
如：
The9thChinaInternationalEducationExhibitionTourstartedinBeijinglastweekend.
TwiceasmanySenior3studentscangotouniversityinHongKongthisyear,afteruniversitiesdecidedtotakemorestudentsfromtheChinesemainland.
3.正文（Body）
由于新闻报道在写法上是“倒金字塔”式，即新闻中以最重要的事实开始，随之加上次要的事实，再以最次要的事实结尾。
因此导语后的正文着重细节，并按事件发生的顺序描述何人，何时，何地，何事，何故，如何。
通常它由两部分组成，即与相关事件相关的人员的评论以及相关背景信息。
二、词汇的处理
英语学习过程中的词汇积累是基本功，且泛读中的词汇积累相当重要。
报刊中的词语鲜活、实用，具有大众化、通俗化的特色，现代气息浓厚，更应予以重视。
可遵循以下原则处理文中的词汇：
1.不必要求每一句话都懂，不必每个生词都查字典。
2.若某些词汇多次出现，仍不解其意，这时可查字典。
3.若读者具备一定的背景知识，某些词即可通过上下文猜出词义。
如：
Atotalof37peoplewerekilledand15injuredataLanternFestivalgatheringlastThursdaynightinMiyunCounty,65kmnortheastofdowntownBeijing.（county县）
4.遇到好词句可适当摘抄。
如上句中“总数为”的表达：
atotalof…
同学们若能养成常读难易适中的英文报刊的好习惯，相信英语学习一定会有显著的成效。
Wensetsoutagenda
Updated:
2012-03-1508:
03
ByZhuZhe（ChinaDaily）
PremierhighlightsthechallengesandopportunitiesatfinalNPCnewsconference
PremierWenJiabao,athisfinalNationalPeople'sCongress（NPC）newsconferenceonWednesday,calledforreformsandsetapathofbothopportunityandchallengeforhissuccessor.
TheFifthSessionofthe11thNPCclosedonWednesday.Atthesession,theNPCadoptedanumberofimportantdocuments,includingthegovernmentworkreport,thecentralbudgetandthenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopmentplanfor2012,aswellastheamendmenttotheCriminalProcedureLaw.
Italsoadopteddecisionsondeputyelectionforthe12thNPCandmethodsfortheelectionofdeputiestothe12thNPCfromHongKongandMacaospecialadministrativeregionsaswellastheworkreportsoftheNPCStandingCommittee,theSupremePeople'sCourtandtheSupremePeople'sProcuratorate.
Addressingarangeofissues,Wensaidthatcurrencyreformwillremainontheagenda,housingpriceswillbereinedinanddebtsrackedupbylocalgovernmentswillbedealtwith.Healsosaidthatprivatecapitalwouldbeallowedinthefinancialsector,andpoliticalreformwouldbepushedforward.
Astheeconomycontinuestodevelop,problemshavearisensuchasincomedisparityandcorruption,andonlyeconomicandpoliticalreformcanresolvetheseissues,Wensaid.
"ReformsinChinahavecometoacriticalstage,"hetoldabout1,000reportersfromdomesticandinternationalmediaorganizationsaftertheconclusionofthisyear'smeetingoftheNPC.
"Reformcanonlygoforwardandmustnotstandstillorgobackwardbecausethatoffersnowayout."
Wenmentionedtheneedforpoliticalreform."Withoutsuccessfulpoliticalreform,it'simpossibleforChinatofullyinstituteeconomicreformandthegainswehavemadeintheseareasmaybelost."
Wenhasaddressedtheurgencyofreformonmanyoccasionsoverthepastfewyears.OnWednesday,hesaidthathislonginterestcomesfrom"astrongsenseofresponsibility".
"Evenwithasinglebreath,I'mstillpreparedtodedicatemyselffullytoadvancingChina'sreformandthecauseofopening-up,"hesaid.
However,Wenmadeitclearthatreformsshouldbegradualandprudent,aspeoplemusttakeintoconsiderationnationalcircumstancesandthepopulationof1.3billion.
"AndIknow,verywell,thatreformwillnotbeeasyanditcannotsucceedwithouttheconsciousness,thesupport,theenthusiasmandcreativityofourpeople,"Wensaid.
MaHuaide,vice-presidentoftheChinaUniversityofPoliticalScienceandLaw,saidWen'swordsshowed"greatdetermination".
"He'stryingtoinspirethepeopleandthesocietytobringinchanges,"hesaid.
LauNai-keung,apoliticalcommentatorinHongKong,saidcontinuedreformandopening-uphasbeenthegeneralconsensusaswellasnationalpolicy.
"Ifwedecidetopushaheadinthisdirection,wewillsucceedprovidedthemovesaresupportedbythepeopleandaregroundedinoursocio-politicalandculturalreality,"Lausaid.
Whilelookingbackonhisnine-yeartenureonWednesday,whichisexpectedtoendnextMarch,Wenappearedemotionalandsaidheshouldassumeresponsibilityforproblemsthathadoccurredintheeconomyandsocietyduringhistermofoffice.
"Ifeeltrulysorry,"Wensaid.Duetovariousfactors,"thereisstillmuchroomforimprovementinmywork".
Inthelastyearinoffice,Wensaid,hewouldbeascommittedaseverandcontinuehisbesteffortstoservethepeople,tomakeupfortheshortfallinhisworkwithnewachievements,andtowinthepeople's"understandingandforgiveness".
Thegovernmentwillformulateaplanthisyearforincomedistributionreform,hesaid.Itwillalsointroducealandrequisitionregulationtobetterprotectfarmers'propertyrights,ensurethepromisedinputineducationmatches4percentofGDP,expandcoverageofthepensionsystemandimprovepovertyalleviation.
"We'redeterminedtoaccomplishthesetasksratherthanpassontheproblemstothenextgovernment,"hesaid.
Heplacedhopeinthenextgenerationandhadfullconfidencethattheywouldbetterhisachievements,hesaid.
Inhis45yearsofservicehehadalwaysstrivedwithpassionandenergytoservethecountryandthepeopleandhadneverpursuedpersonalgain,hesaid.
"Ihavethecouragetofacethepeople,andtofacehistory,"Wensaid.
"TherearepeoplewhowillappreciatewhatIhavedonebuttherearealsopeoplewhowillcriticizeme,"hesaid."Ultimately,historywillhavethefinalsay."
WangHuazhonginBeijingandBobLeeinHongKongcontributedtothisstory.
zhuzhe@
（ChinaDaily03/15/2012page1）
Yuan'svalue'unlikely'torisemuchsoon
Updated:
2012-03-1508:
05
ByDingQingfeninBeijingandCecilyLiuinLondon（ChinaDaily）
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CooperationbetweenChinaandUShealthyforboth,premiersays
PremierWenJiabaosaidonWednesdaythatChinawillintensifyitscurrencyregimereformandtheforeignexchangeratehaspossiblyreached"equilibrium",asignalthatthereislittleroomfortherenminbitoappreciatesoon.
"IntheHongKongmarket,thenon-deliverableforwards（atypeoffuturescontract）havestartedtofluctuateinbothdirections.Andthistellsusthattheexchangerateoftherenminbihaspossiblyreachedequilibrium,"PremierWenJiabaosaidatanewsconferenceattheendoftheNationalPeople'sCongresssession.
"Chinawillgoonintensifyingforeignexchangereform,especiallytoallowrelativelywider,two-wayfluctuation."
Theyuanhasgained30percentinrealtermssince2005.Butitdroppedby0.7percentagainstthedollarthisyearaftersurgingby4.7percentin2011,whileChina'sexportshavebeenhurtbytheslackenedglobaldemand,especiallybecauseoftheEuropeandebtcrisis.
InFebruary,China'simportsgainedby39.6percentfromayearearlier,andexportsgrewby18.4percent,causinga$31.5billiontradedeficitinFebruary,thebiggestsince1990.ExpertssaidthiswillslowthepaceofgainsintheChinesecurrencyinthecomingmonths.
"Thepremier'sremarkonequilibriummeansChinawillnotallowitscurrencytorisebymuchintheshortterm,orsaythisyear,"saidLiWei,aneconomistatStandardCharteredShanghai.
"AnditalsoshowsthenationisnotoptimisticaboutChina'seconomyandtheexportsdraggeddownbytheEuropeandebtcrisis,"headded.
IntheannualGovernmentWorkReportlastweek,WencutChina'sexpectedeconomicgrowthratethisyearto7.5percent.
"Chinaaimsforqualitygrowthintheeconomy,andwewanttosolvetheproblemthatChina'seconomyisunbalanced,uncoordinated,andunsustainable,"Wensaid.
Somecountries,includingtheUnitedStates,havebeenpressuringChinatoallowitscurrencytorisefurther,sayingitstradesurplusdemonstratestheneed.
ButWensaidChina'sforeigntradeis"basicallybalanced",andthesurplusdroppedto2.8percentofthegrossdomesticproductlastyear.
Duringthisyear'sNPCandCPPCCsessions,People'sBankofChinaGovernorZhouXiaochuansaidChinamay"appropriately"widentheyuan'stradingband.
"PremierWen'sremarksthatChinawillcontinuetopushforrelativelybig-scaleandtwo-wayfluctuationinthecurrencyisexcellentbecauseittakesusalotclosertothepointthattherenminbicanbefreelytraded,"saidSimonDerrick,headofcurrencystrategyatBNYMellon,aninvestmentmanagementands
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