新编大学英语Unit1课后答案文档格式.docx
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13)Truthful14)Outgoing15)Frank16)Sensitive
17)Bossy18)Patient19)Talkative20)Persuasive
21)Sympathetic22)Emotional
2.PersonalityandJob
Jobs
PersonalityTraits
salesperson
(salesmanorsaleswoman)
shrewd,hard-working,boastful,acute,tricky,
teacher
patient,tolerant,talkative,unselfish,loving,humorous,bossy
doctor
patient,calm,independent,careful,sympathetic
policeofficer(policeman)
brave,alert,independent,strong,calm
accountant
careful,honest,cautious,patient
lawyer
persuasive,expressive,eloquent,serious,knowledgeable,talkative
touristguide
enthusiastic,talkative,expressive,energetic,considerate,good-tempered
hostorhostessofashow
emotional,expressive,optimistic,quick-minded,exaggerated,humorous
reporter
curious,extroverted,open-minded,adventurous
secretary
easy-going,tolerant,sensitive,frank,thorough,efficient
spokesperson(spokesman)
intelligent,talkative,diplomatic,cautious,matter-of-fact
3.PersonalityTest
4.PersonalityWords
有现成的答案图,在教师用书上
PartTwoReading-CenteredActivities
In-ClassReading
I.Pre-Reading
1.1)Therearemanyfactorsthatcontributetoshyness.Someexamplesarelowself-esteem,lackofself-confidence,limitedsocialactivities,andlackofeducation.Somepeople,Ithink,arebornshy.It’satraitinheritedfromtheirparents.IstillrememberwhenIwasalittlegirl,Iwasextremelyshy.Iwasbroughtupinthecountryside,andthereweren’tmanyactivitiesformetotakepartin.Therewereveryfewchancesformetomeetdifferentsortsofpeople.What’smore,IbelievedthatIwasugly.SoIseldomtalkedtopeople.EvenwhenIwasspokento,Iwasreluctanttorespond.Myfacewouldturnredimmediately.ButafterIenteredcollege,Igainedmoreself-confidence.Icametorealizethatappearanceisonlyskin-deep.What’smoreimportantisone’sknowledge,one’spersonalqualities,one’scharacter,andone’sgoodvirtues.
2)Thereareseveralwaystoovercomeshyness.Firstweshouldrememberthatnobodycanbeperfect,sothere’snoreasontofeeldiscouragedifwehavesomeshortcomings.Onthecontraryweshouldknowourstrengthsandemphasizeourgoodaspectstobuildself-confidence.Don’talwaysfocusonourweaknesses,becausewecanimproveourselves.Forexample,studyhardandreadwidelytoenrichourknowledge,trytomakemorefriends,andencourageourselvestogetinvolvedinmoreactivitiesinschool.Don’ttakeotherpeople’scommentstooseriously,buttrustourselves.Andanotherimportantpointisthatwecandosomethingtochangeourpersonalities.Sowhydon’twestartfromnow?
II.PassageReading
Words,PhrasesandGrammaticalPoints
1.“Allkindsofpeopledescribethemselvesasshy…”(l.1~2)
和describe…as类似的词组有:
accept…as;
interpret…as;
regard…as;
view…as;
lookon…as;
consider…as;
take…as;
perceive…as;
label…as。
as后面可以接名词、动名词、形容词。
e.g.Hedidnotacceptthisreplyasvalid.
Wouldyoudescribeyourselfasbeingahardworker?
Youshouldnotinterpretthesilenceasarefusal.
Manyconservativesdisapproveofthetax,regardingitasunfair.
Sheisviewedasastrongcandidateforthejob.
Welookonherasadaughter.
Doyouconsiderhim(as)afriendoracolleague?
Shetookwhathesaidasacompliment.
Stressiswidelyperceivedascontributingtoheartdisease.
Ifyouspendanytimeinprisonyou’relabelledasacriminalfortherestofyourlife.
2.confirm:
(l.21)证实,肯定,进一步确定
e.g.Newevidencehasconfirmedthefirstwitness’story.
新的证据证明了第一目击者所言是真实的。
Herremarksconfirmedmeinmyopinionthatshewasaverygentleyounglady.
她的话使我进一步确信她是一个温柔的女孩。
Compare:
conform,affirm
conform:
遵照,符合,一致,后面常跟to或with
e.g.I)Youmusteitherconformtotherulesorleavetheschool.
II)Thispieceofequipmentdoesnotconformtotheofficialsafetystandards.
affirm:
断言,声明
e.g.I)Heaffirmedtomethathewasinnocent.
II)Sheaffirmedthatshewastellingthetruth.
3.compliment:
(l.23)赞美的话,恭维的话
e.g.Shepaidmeaverycharmingcomplimentonmypaintings.
Sheacceptedhiscomplimentsaboutherdresswithasmile.
在表示“问候,祝福”等意时,compliment用复数compliments。
e.g.Withthecomplimentsoftheseason.谨致节日的祝贺。
(西方人在圣诞和新年时的贺词。
)
4.eliminate(l.27)reduce(l.27)diminish(l.39)
“Eliminate”means“toremoveorgetridofcompletely”.“Reduce”means“tomakelessinsize,amount,price,degree,etc”.Both“eliminate”and“reduce”aretransitiveverbs.Theyhavetobefollowedbyanobject.“Diminish”isto(causeto)becomelessinsizeorimportance.Itcanbeusedeitherasatransitiveverboranintransitiveverb.
e.g.Wecan’teliminatetheuseofpaperbutwecancertainlyreducetheamountofpaperwewaste.
Idon’texpectstudentstoeliminatealloftheirgrammarmistakesbuttheyshouldmakeanefforttoreducethenumberofcarelessmistakes.
Ireducedmyweightbygoingonadiet.
Idon’twanttodiminishherachievements,butshedidhavealotofhelp.
Thethreatofnuclearwarhasdiminished.
5.expectation(l.33)
和expectation有关的词组有:
inexpectationof(预计会有……),against(contraryto)allexpectations(出乎意料地),beyond(all)expectations(出乎意料地/的),come/liveuptoexpectations(达到期望)
e.g.Shetookanumbrellawithherinexpectationofrain.
Contrarytoallexpectationsshewasacceptedbytheacademy.
Theplanhassucceededbeyondourexpectations.
Weusuallyenjoyhisfilms,butthelatestonedidn’tliveuptoourexpectations.
课内阅读
参考译文
羞怯的痛苦
1对许多人来说,羞怯是很多不愉快的起因。
各种各样的人——矮的、高的、愚笨的、聪明的、年轻的、年老的、瘦的、胖的——都说自己是羞怯的。
羞怯的人会焦虑不安,感到不自然;
也就是说,他们过份地关注自己的外表和举止。
脑海中不断盘旋着一些使自己不安的想法:
我给人留下的是什么印象?
他们喜欢我吗?
我讲话是不是傻里傻气?
我长得难看。
我穿的衣服毫不引人注目。
2很显然这种不安的感觉会对人们产生不利的影响。
一个人的自我看法反映在自己的行为方式之中,而一个人的行为方式又影响他人的反应。
通常,人们如何看待自己对他们生活的各个方面都会产生深刻的影响。
例如,具有积极的自我价值观或很强自尊心的人往往表现出自信。
而由于自信,他们不需要他人不断地称赞和鼓励,也能使自己感觉良好。
自信者热情、自发地投入生活。
他们不因别人认为他们“该”做什么而受到影响。
有很强自尊心的人不会被批评所伤害;
他们不会把批评看作是人身攻击。
相反,他们认为批评是一种提醒他们改进的建议。
3相比之下,羞怯的人自尊心较弱,往往消极被动并且容易受他人影响。
他们(是否)在做“该做的事情”需要得到别人的肯定。
害羞的人对批评非常敏感;
他们觉得批评正好证实了他们比别人差。
他们也很难因别人的赞美而高兴,因为他们相信自己不值得称赞。
羞怯的人也许会用这样的话来回答别人的赞美之辞:
“你这么说只是为了让我感觉好一些。
我知道这不是真的。
”显然,尽管自我意识是一种健康的品质,过分的自我意识却是不利、有害的。
4能否彻底消除或者至少减轻羞怯感呢?
幸运的是,人们能够通过坚持不懈的努力建立自信从而克服羞怯。
由于胆怯和缺少自尊是密切相关的,因此正视自己的弱点和正视自己的优点一样重要。
例如,大多数人希望每门功课都得A。
如果仅仅因为在某些领域有困难,就把自己列为差生,这不恰如其分。