语法知识.docx
《语法知识.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《语法知识.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
语法知识
语法知识
一、如何用单词的适当形式填空
一看主语,二看关键词,三看句意。
1.若句中出现Do(don’t),Does(doesn’t),Did(didn’t),can(can’t),should(shouldn’t),wantto,Let时,后面动词用原形。
2.若句中出现like,love和现在进行时的标志词(look,listen,now,主语+be)时,后面动词用ing形式。
3.一般现在时的标志词:
often,sometimes,never,always,everyday,onSundays等,句中有这些词时,看主语是单三人称时,动词用单三形式;其他人称用原形。
4.一般过去时的标志词:
yesterday,lastyear,lastweekend,alongtimeago,twoyearsago,then等,句中有这些词时,无论主语是什么人称,动词都用过去式。
5.一般将来时的标志词:
tomorrow,nextyear,nextweek,tonight,thisweekend句中有这些词时,动词用原形,并且动词前加will或begoingto.
6.句中出现some,many,lotsof,two(+),these,those或be动词用are时,后面名词用复数形式。
7.动词和介词后面的人称代词用宾格形式。
练习题:
用下列单词的正确形式填空。
1.Doyou(collect)stamps?
2.DoesLingling(walk)toschool?
3.DidMum(buy)abikeyesterday?
4.Hecan(write)storiesinEnglish.
5.Youshould(clean)yourroom.
6.Iwant(take)aphoto.
7.Let’s(go)toChinatownnow.
8.Don’t(ride)yourbicyclehere.
9.Shedoesn’t(like)apples.
10.Ididn’t(get)upearlythismorning.
11.Samcan’t(swim).
12.Weshouldn’t(talk)inthelibrary.
13.Doyoulike(read)booksnow?
14.Ilove(fly)kites.
15.I’m(send)anemailtomyfriend.
16.Look!
Thegirl(dance).
17.Listen!
Thebirds(singing)inthetrees.
18.Amy(clean)herroomnow.
19.Heoften(play)footballinthepark.
20.Isometimes(eat)withaknifeandfork.
21.Simonalways(ride)hisbiketoschool.
22.Inever(go)swimming.Idon’tlikeit.
23.Lingling(read)Englishbookseveryday.
24.Whatdoyou(do)onSundays?
25.Mum(buy)somefruitsyesterday.
26.We(go)totheparklastweekend.
27.I(stop)alongtimeago.
28.Amy(be)shortthen.
29.We(have)apicnicthisweekend.
30.you(take)yourkitetomorrow?
31.TherearelotsofChinese(shop).
32.These(postcard)aregreat!
33.My(hobby)areswimmingandreading.
34.Pleasecomewith(we).
35.Canyouhelp(I)?
二.如何做句型转换
(一)变否定句时,
1.先看句中是否有be动词。
如果有,在be动词am,is,are后加not.
2.再看是否有情态动词can,may,must,will,shall如果有,在情态动词后加not.
3.然后看是否有havegot,hasgot,如果有,在have,has后加not.
4.如果以上都没有,看谓语动词如果是动词原形,在动词前加don’t.
5.谓语动词如果是第三人称单数,在动词前加doesn’t,谓语动词三单形式变成动词原形。
6.谓语动词如果是过去式,在动词前加didn’t,谓语动词过去式变成动词原形。
练习题:
把下列句子变成否定句。
Therearesomeapplesinthebag.
DamingiswatchingTVnow.
Thesepostcardsaregreat.
LindacanspeakFrench.
I’vegotsomechopsticks.
DaminghasgotaChinesedragonkite.
Bearssleepinthewinter.
Amylikesreadingstorybooks.
Iwenttotheparkyesterday.
Pleasestandinline.
(二)变一般疑问句时,
1.先看句中是否有be动词。
如果有,把be动词(am,is,are)提前到句首,句尾变问号。
2.再看是否有情态动词can,may,must,will,shall如果有,如果有,把情态动词提前到句首,句尾变问号。
3.然后看是否有havegot,hasgot,如果有,把have,has提前到句首,句尾变问号。
4.如果以上都没有,看谓语动词如果是动词原形,借助于Do,放在句首.句尾变问号。
5.谓语动词如果是第三人称单数,借助于Does,放在句首.谓语动词三单形式变成动词原形,句尾变问号。
6.谓语动词如果是过去式,借助于Did,放在句首.谓语动词过去式变成动词原形,句尾变问号。
注意
变否定句和疑问句时,注意把some变成any;变疑问句时要注意第一人称和第二人称转换。
练习题:
把下列句子变成一般疑问句。
IamfromLondonintheUK.
Therearesomepencilsinthebox.
Heisflyingkites.
Wehavegotabigschool.
It’sgoteightmillionpeople.
IcanspeaksomeEnglish.
Pandaslovebamboo.
MypenfriendlivesinNewYork.
Mumboughtabikeformeonmybirthday.
(三)对划线部分提问,如果划线部分作主语,直接用疑问词代替划线部分。
如果划线部分不作主语,用疑问词+一般疑问句语序的结构。
【疑问词】
who谁whose谁的where哪里what什么whattime几点when什么时候why为什么how怎样howmany多少howmuch多少howlong多长howbig多大howold多大(年龄)
详解疑问词用法
who谁(用来提问人物)
eg:
Whoisthatlittleboy?
那个小男孩是谁?
whose谁的(用来提问物品的主人)
eg:
Whosesweateristhis?
这是谁的毛衣?
where哪里(用来提问地点)
eg:
Wherearewegoing?
我们要去哪儿?
what什么(用来提问未知的物品或事情)
eg:
Whatareyoudoing?
你在干什么?
Whatisyourfavouritefestival?
你最喜爱的节日是什么?
when什么时候(用于较大的时间)
eg:
Whendidyoucomeback?
Icamebackyesterday.
你什么时候回来了?
我昨天回来了。
whattime什么时候(用于较小的时间)
eg:
Whattimedoyougetup?
Igetupathalfpastsix.
你几点起床?
我六点半起床。
how怎样(用于提问身体状况、交通方式或事物的程度)
eg:
Howareyou?
你好吗?
Howisyourfather?
你爸爸的身体怎样?
Howdoyougotoschool?
Igotoschoolonfoot.=Iwalktoschool.
你怎样上学?
我走路上学。
howlong多长
eg:
HowlongistheGreatWall?
长城有多长?
howbig多大
eg:
HowbigisBeijing?
北京有多大?
howmany多少(后加可数名词的复数形式)
eg:
HowmanymemberstatesarethereintheUN?
联合国有多少个成员国?
howmuch多少(后加不可数名词或者询问价钱)
eg:
Howmuchmilkdoyouwant?
你想要多少牛奶?
Howmuchisyournewdress?
你的新裙子多少钱?
howold多大(年龄)
练习题:
对划线部分进行提问。
1、Readingismyhobby.
2、Samhasgotapetdog.
3、Mymotherismakingdumplings.
4、Myuncleisadriver.
5、Igotupathalfpastsixyesterday.
6、WecamebacklastSunday.
7、NewYorkisintheeast.
8、Wearegoingtothelibrary.
9、Iwenttothesupermarketlastweekend.
10、ThisisAmy’ssweater.
11、Mumgaveabooktome.
12、Ihavegottwentypencils.
13、Iwanthalfakiloofcheese.
14、Mysisterisfiveyearsold.
15、TheGreatWallis6700kilometres.
16、Ilikeapplesbecausethey’resweet.
17、Igotoschoolonfoot.
18、I’mfinetoday.
三、英语小作文
1.假期去过的地方
Lastsummerholiday,IwenttoBeijingwithmyparents.BeijingisinthenorthofChina.Wewenttherebytrain.InBeijingIvisitedlotsofplaces.IclimbedtheGreatWall.Ihadagoodtimethere.
2.假期计划
Theholidaywillcome.IwanttogotoShanghai.It’sverybigandveryfamous.MymotherwantstogotoKunming.Kunmingisabeautifulcity.MyfatherwantstogotoGuilin.TherearelotsofmountainsandlakesinGuilin.Ithinkweshouldgotoalltheseplaces.
3.喜欢的动物
Ilikedogsverymuch.Ihaveapetdog.It’sverycute.ItsnameisDoudou.It’sblack.Ithasgottwobigeyesandasmallnose.Itlikeseatingmeat.Itcanrunfast.Ioftenplaywithit.
7.我的爱好
Myhobby
I’vegotahobby.Readingbooksismyhobby.Ilikebooksverymuch.Ihavegotlotsofbooks.SomebooksareaboutChina.Somebooksareabouttheworld.Readingbooksisinteresting.
7.喜欢的节日
MyfavouritefestivalisSpringFestival.AtSpringFestival,Icanplaywithmyfriends.Icaneatlotsofdeliciousfood.Icangetsomemoney.Wehaveaspecialmeal.It’sabigfamilydinner.IloveSpringFestival.
8.介绍一处喜欢的地方
IwanttovisittheGreatWall.It’sinBeijing,China.It’sverylongandstrong.It’smorethantwentythousandkilometreslong.Chinesepeopleloveit.Doyouwanttovisitit?
一、名词:
有可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词有单数、复数之分,
名词复数形式的构成规则:
(1)一般在名词词尾加“s”
如:
teacher—teachersegg---eggs
(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加es
如class---classesbox--boxesbus--buseswatch--watches
(3)以辅音字母+y的名词变y为i再加es
如:
story---storieslibrary---libraries,
dictionary----dictionarieshobby---hobbies
(4)以f,fe结尾的名词,变f,fe为v加es
如:
life---livesleaf---leaveshalf---halves
knife---kniveswolf-wolveswife---wives
(5)以o结尾的名词“英雄芒果土豆西红柿”加es
hero---heroesmango---mangoes
potato---potatoestomato---tomatoes
其余加s(目前所学的词)zoo---zooskilo---kilos
radio—radiosphoto---photospiano--pianos
(6)不规则名词单复数形式
如:
child—childrenwoman---women
man---menfoot---feettooth---teeth
有的可数名词单、复数形式相同,如Japanese,Chinese,sheep,
如:
Ihaveonesheep.Hehastwosheep.
2、不可数名词没有复数形式
不可数名词有:
(1)milk,water,juice,tea,ice;
(2)food,rice,meat,fish,chicken,bread,cheese
(3)paper,newspaper,hair,time,money,homework,housework
不可数名词的数量常表示如下
twobottlesofmilkacupofjuicehalfakiloofcheese
abagofricethreekilosofmeatsomewater
二、在英语中表示“两者之间的比较”时,形容词要用比较级形式。
A.形容词的比较级构成规则
1.一般在形容词词尾加er
原级比较级原级比较级
youngyoungerlonglonger
oldoldertalltaller
strongstrongershortshorter
2.以e结尾的词直接加r
nice---nicer
3.有些形容词双写最后一个字母再加er
big---biggerthin---thinnerhot---hotter
fat---fatterwet---wetter
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加er
busy---busiereasy---easierheavy---heavier
5.有些形容词在词前加more构成比较级
difficult---moredifficultinteresting---moreinteresting
dangerous---moredangerousbeautiful---morebeautiful
B.不规则变化
good---betterbad---worsemany/much---more
C.比较级句型中常用than进行比较
如:
CircleAisbiggerthanCircleB.圆A比圆B大
LinglingisbetterthanDaming.
AmyistallerthanLingling.
七.动词过去式形式
规则动词的过去式构成
1.一般在动词词尾加ed
如:
work---workedplay---playedwatch--watched
1.以e结尾动词在词尾加d
如:
live---lived
2.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加ed
如:
study---studiedcopy---copiedcry---criedcarry---carried
3.有些动词双写最后一个字母再加ed,
如:
stop---stoppeddrop---dropped
5、不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
动词原形动词过去式动词原形动词过去式
gowentcomecame
becomebecamebringbrought
saysaidputput
teachtaughtcancould
readreadgivegave
am/iswasarewere
dodidflyflew
havehadmakemade
runranseesaw
riderodewinwon
getgottelltold
eatatesendsent
taketookbuybought
sitsatmeetmet
writewrotedrawdrew
swimswamflyflew
drinkdrankgivegave
ringrangfallfell
八.动词ing形式也是现在分词形式
现在分词的构成规则
1.一般在动词词尾直接加“ing”
sleep---sleepinglook---lookingwear---wearing
send---sendingeat---eatingsing---singing
go---goingjump---jumpingplay---playing
2.以不发音的e结尾的动词要去掉e再加上“ing”
write---writingcome---comingride---riding
have---havingmake---makingshine---shiningtake---takingclose--closing
3.有些动词双写最后一个字母再加“ing”
get---gettingput---puttingsit---sittingrun---runningswim---swimmingskip---skippingshop---shopping
九.动词第三人称单数形式
动词第三人称单数的构成规则
1.大多数动词在词尾加“S”.
stop-stopsmake-makesread-reads
play-playssay[sei]-says[sez]
2.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后在加“es”
fly-fliescarry-carriesstudy-studiesworry-worries
3.以“s,x,sh,ch,o”结尾,在词尾加“es”.
teach-teacheswatch-watchesgo—goesdo--does
四、考试注意事项:
英语考试要注意,字母规范写整齐。
句子开头要大写,标点符号莫忘记。
有些单词很特殊,开头永远要大写:
国家城市和语言,星期月份和节日。
还有一个字母I,表示我时要大写。
听力考试要慎重,认真听完再答题。
卷面答完耐心查,每词每句看仔细。