人教版英语高一上学期综合检测卷四.docx

人教版英语高一上学期综合检测卷四.docx

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人教版英语高一上学期综合检测卷四

2019年人教版英语高一上学期综合检测卷四

一、阅读理解（30分）

1．（6分）

EnvelopeBudget

   FromMcDonald'stoSonic,fastfoodhadabadeffectonmywaistlineandmybudget.Itwasnothingtoruntoadrive-throughtopickupacolddrinkoraquickbitetoeat.Itwassoeasytousemycardforasmallpurchase.Forme,Igotalotofsatisfactionfromfastfood.

   OnedayIsatdownandcalculatedthatIwasspendingasurprising$40aweekonfastfood.Thiswasalotoficedcoffeeandhamburgers!

Insteadofreducingmyguiltypleasures,Idecidedtogivemyselfastrongbudgettoreducemyconsumption.EveryMondayIplacedanenvelopewith$20inmypurse.Thatwasmyfastfoodbudgetfortheentireweek.Iftherewasanythingleftoverattheendoftheweek,itwasminetosaveorspend.IfIspentallofthemoneyduringtheweek,therewerenomorefastfoodstopsthatweek.

   Thebudgetmadememoremindfulofmypurchases.InsteadofpurchasingalargedrinkfromSonic,Iwouldpurchaseasmall.Itwassillsatisfyingbutnotnearlyaspricey.Insteadofeatingawholemeal,IwouldpickthepartthatIactuallywanted.Manydays,thethoughtofhangingontothemoneyforaspecialpurposemeantmoretomethantheinstantsatisfactionoffastfood.Ineverreallyfeltunhappybecauseitwasaconsciouschoicetospendorsavewitheachpurchase.

   Envelopebudgetkeptmehonest.Ihadaclearideahowmuchmoneywasspenteachweekonfastfoodpurchases.Istartedtobringmylunchesmoreoftentosavemoremoneyfortheweek.ItwasafunchallengetoseehowmuchIcouldsaveeveryweek.

   ChangingthewayIspentonfastfoodnotonlyhelpedmybudget,butimprovedmyweight.InthefirstmonthIwasabletogetridof5poundsbysimplychangingthewayIapproachedspendingonfastfood.NowIammorelikelytobringmylunchthantobuyit.Iamnotupset,butempoweredtomakepositivechoicestoimprovemylife.

（1）AccordingtoParagraph1,theauthor____.

          A.wasfondoffastfoodverymuch

          B.hadnotimetocookforherself

          C.livedwithasmallamountofmoney

          D.gotsomebenefitsfromusinghercard

（2）Theauthorsetherenvelopebudgetto____.

          A.buyfastfoodatagoodbargain

          B.savemoneytobuymorefastfood

          C.getridofthehabitofeatingfastfood

          D.makefastfoodspendingundercontrol

（3）Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat____.

          A.itisunusualtomakesomechanges

          B.thebudgetmeansapressureonlife

          C.envelopebudgetisgoodforhealth

          D.itishardtoenjoyahealthylifestyle

（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

          A.Whytheauthorbecameaddictedtofastfood.

          B.Howenvelopebudgetchangedtheauthor'slife.

          C.Howfastfoodcontrolledtheauthor'sbehavior.

          D.Whytheauthortookenvelopebudgetseriously.

2．（8分）    Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted（享有）aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsomme.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze'schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.

    Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:

dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta（意大利面食）whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.

    Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn'ttellhowmuchthey'dhad:

thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn'tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.

    Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces.Finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:

putonsomeMozart（莫扎特）.Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.

    Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:

dinerswhogotthescentoflavender（薰衣草）stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.

    Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—"bad"tables,crowding,highprices—don'tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot"beoverlyconcernedabout'bad'tables,"giventhatthey'reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant'sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet'spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.

（1）Theunderlinedphrase"nonethewiser"inparagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere____.

          A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual

          B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers

          C.notconsciousofthefoodquality

          D.notfondofthefoodprovided

（2）Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?

          A.Playingclassicalmusic.          B.Introducinglemonscent.

          C.Makingthelightbrighter.          D.Usingplatesoflargersize.

（3）Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?

          A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.

          B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.

          C.Waystoimproverestaurants'reputation.

          D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.

3．（8分）    Beingseeninafancysportscarorenjoyingabeachholidayinafive-starhotelwereoncesignsofhaving"madeit".

    Butanewstudysuggestedthathavingpeoplethinkofyouasconstantlybusyandoverworkedisnowafarbetterwaytoshowsocialstatus.

    AccordingtoHarvardUniversityintheUS,peopleareincreasinglyleaningtowardthephenomenonof"humblebragging（谦虚自夸）".Thisiswhenpeoplemakeaseeminglymodeststatementthatactuallydrawsattentiontosomethingtheywanttobrag（吹嘘）about.

    Phrasessuchas"Ihavenolife"and"Idesperatelyneedaholiday"arenowusedtoimplysocialstanding,whileorderingfoodandshoppingonlineistheperfectwaytoprovetoneighborsthatyouaresimplytoobusyandimportanttogotothesupermarket.

    "Movies,magazines,andpopularTVshowsoftenhighlight（强调）theabundance（富足）ofmoneyandleisuretimeamongthewealthy,"saidNeeruPaharia,anassistantprofessoratHarvardUniversity.

    "Inrecentyears,featuringwealthypeoplerelaxingbythepooloronayacht（游艇）,playingtennisorskiingandhuntingarebeingreplacedwithadvertisementsfeaturingbusyindividualswhoworklonghoursandhaveverylimitedleisuretime,"hesaid."Displaying（howbusyyouareatwork）andalackofleisuretimeoperatesasavisiblesignalofstatusintheeyesofothers."

    TheresearcherspointedoutthattheWallStreetJournal's2016advertcampaignfeaturedcelebrities（名人）complainingabouttheirbusylives,withtheslogan（标语）."Peoplewhodon'thavetime,maketimetoreadtheWallStreetJournal."

    Thereport,whichwaspublishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch,alsofoundthatbrandsthatmarketedthemselvesastimesavingwerebecomingincreasinglyhigh-status,becauseofthepeoplewhousedthem.

    Accordingtotheauthors,thistrendofhumblebraggingisduetopeople'sshitoffocus—theynowvalue"thepreciousnessundscarcity（稀缺）ofindividuals"morethan"thepreciousnessandscarcityofgoods".

    "Busyindividualspossessdesirablecharacteristics,leadingthemtobeviewedasscarceandindemand,"theauthorsconcluded.

（1）Themainideaofthisarticleisabout____.

          A.thetrendof"humblebragging"

          B.characteristicsofpeoplewholeadabusylife

          C.whypeopletodayarebecomingincreasinglybusy

          D.whysomepeopleliketobragabouttheirsocialstatus

（2）Peopletodaypreferto____todisplaytheirsocialstatus.

          A.sharetheirpassionfortennisorskiing

          B.showhowfast-pacedtheirworklifeis

          C.tellpeopleaboutthewonderfulholidaystheytake

          D.showofftheirabundanceofmoneyandleisuretime

（3）TheWallStreetJournal's2016advertcampaignimpliesthat ____.

          A.busypeoplealwayshaveabetterlifethanothers

          B.it'simportanttoreadnewspapershoweverbusyyouare

          C.busyindividualsshouldlearntomanagetheirtimebetter

          D.alackoftimeisatypicalcharacteristicofpeopleofhighsocialstatus

（4）FromthearticlewecanconcludethatAmericapeopletoday ____.

          A.allbragaboutthemselves

          B.valueindividuals,thepreciousnessandscarcity

          C.orderfoodandshoponlinetoshowtheyarerich

          D.worklonghoursanddon'thaveenoughleisuretime

4．（8分）

WorkandtheYoung:

GenerationJobless

   "YOUNGpeopleoughtnottobeidle（闲置的）.Itisverybadforthem,"saidMargaretThatcherin1984.Shewasright:

therearefewworsethingsthatsocietycandotoitsyoungthantoleavethemignored.

   Yetmoreyoungpeopleareidlethanever.TheInternationalLabourOrganizationreportsthat75m（m=million）youngpeoplegloballyarelookingforajob.WorldBanksurveyssuggestthat262myoungpeopleareeconomicallyinactive.ThenumberofyoungpeoplewithoutajobisnearlyaslargeasthepopulationofAmerica（311m）.

   Twofactorsplayabigpart.First,thelongslowdownintheWesthasreduceddemandforlabour,anditiseasiertoputoffhiringyoungpeoplethanitistofireolderworkers.Second,inemergingec