陕西省黄陵中学重点班届高三下学期第一次大检测英语试题及答案.docx
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陕西省黄陵中学重点班届高三下学期第一次大检测英语试题及答案
2018届陕西省黄陵中学（重点班）高三下学期第一次大检测
英语试题
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Whatistheproblemwiththewoman?
A.Shehasaheadache.B.Shehasasorethroat.C.Shehasahighfever.
2.Whywillthewomandoapart-timejob?
A.Tohelpsupportherfamily.
B.Toprepareforherfuturecareer.
C.Toearnsomemoneyforherstudy.
3.Wherewillthemanbeat4o’clock?
A.Attheoffice.B.Attheairport.C.Attherestaurant.
4.WhatdoesthemanthinkofhisHarryPotterbook?
A.Fakebutworthreading.
B.Cheaperandinteresting.
C.Cheaperbutnotworthbuying.
5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
A.Buyinganapartment.B.Usingpublictransport.C.Plantingsometrees.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题。
每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6.WhatwillthemandoforSteve?
A.Writeanarticle.B.Takephotos.C.Goshopping.
7.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?
A.OnFriday.B.Atnoon.C.Inthemorning.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8.Whatmakesthewomanupset?
A.Economicstress.B.Lossofhercreditcard.C.Presentforherfriends.
9.Whatcausesthewoman’stroubleaccordingtotheman?
A.Herattitudetolife.
B.Herconsumptionconcept.
C.Herrelationshipwithfriends.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10.Whydoesthewomanreplytoaman’sarticleintheforum?
A.Becauseshehasdifferentideas.
B.Becauseshewantstohelphim.
C.Becauseshedislikeshim.
11.Whatdoesthewomanenjoydoing?
A.Makingfriends.B.Discussingsomethingonline.C.Choosingtopics.
12.Howdoesthewomanfightintheforum?
A.ByattackingB.Byshooting.C.Bydebating.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13.Whydidthemancomebacklate?
A.Hehurthishandsandknees.
B.HewenttoapubwithJulie.
C.Hewaitedalongtimeforthebus.
14.WhathappenedtoJulie?
A.Shewasfined.B.Shegotinjured.C.Shehadanaccident.
15.Wherewasthewitness?
A.Outsidethepub.B.Atabusstop.C.Inhiscar.
16.Whatwastheoldladydoinginthemiddleoftheroad?
A.Lookingforsomething.
B.Strugglingtostandup.
C.Tryingtoseekhelp.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17.WhendidAlfredNobeldie?
A.In1906.B.In1901.C.In1896.
18.WhichprizeisonlyaNoblePrizeinname?
A.TheNobelPeacePrize.
B.TheNobelMedicinePrize.
C.TheNobelEconomicsPrize.
19.Whatshouldthejudgesdowiththediscussionsaboutwinners?
A.Keepthemsecret.B.Makethemknown.C.Writethemdown.
20.Whymustscientistswaitfor50yearsfortheirawards?
A.Towaitformorebreakthroughs.
B.Totesttheirdevotiontotheircareer.
C.Toseetheeffectoftheirachievements.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：
每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
TheCoolestInventions
AnOceansVacuum
There’sacollectionofplastictrashinthemiddleofthePacificOcean.It’sbiggerthanTexasandgrowing.Thewaytocleanitupnowistocatchitwithnets.Thatisbothcostlyandslow.Instead,theOceanCleanupProjectproposesa62-mile-longfloatingbarrierthatwouldusenaturalcurrentstotraptrash.Ifnextyear’strialssucceed,afullcleanupoperationwouldaimtostartin2020.Itcouldreducethetrashby42%over10years.
Easy-OnShoes
In2012,MatthewWalzer,ahighschoolstudentwithadisability,sentanotetoNike.“Mydreamistogotocollege,”hewrote,“withouthavingtoworryaboutsomeonecomingtotiemyshoeseveryday.”Nikeassignedadesignteamtothechallenge.Thisyear,theycameoutwiththeirsolution:
theFlyEase.Thebasketballshoecanbefastenedwithonehand.ApairofNikeFlyEaseshoessellsfor$130.
AnAirportforDrones（无人机）
AsAmazon,Google,andothersgetreadyfordronedeliveryservice,thereisonebigquestion:
Whatkindsofhomebaseswilltheirdroneshave?
Rwanda,inAfrica,mayhavetheanswer.There,workerswillsoonstartworkonthree“droneports”.Thegoalsistomakeiteasiertotransportfood,medicalsupplies,electronics,andothergoodsthroughthehillycountryside.Constructionissettobecompletedin2020.
21.What’stheadvantageoftheOceansVacuum?
A.Itcantearplasticintopieces.B.Itcangrowyearbyyear.
C.Itcanbeamoney-saver.D.Itcanbeputintowideusesoon.
22.WhatdoweknowaboutNike?
A.Itoffersfreeshoestothedisabled.B.Itprovidescustomerfriendlyservices.
C.Itisdesigningnewshoesfrequently.D.ItrespondedtoMatthew’srequestpassively.
23.WhyisRwandasettingup“droneports”?
A.Becausetheyarereceptivetonewtechnology.
B.Becausethey’reeasiertoconstructthanroads.
C.Becausetherearetoomanydrones.
D.Becauseroadtravelthereisrough.
B
WhenSarahHansenfirstcametoBonnieSchlachte’sballetstudio,shejokinglycalledherselfa“weeble-wobble,”tellingherballetteacherthatwhenshetriedtowalk,shewouldfall.“Shecouldn’twalkacrosstheroomwithoutholdingontosomething,”recallsSchlachte.“Shewouldimmediatelyfall.”
Hansenwasonlyinmiddle-school,butaprogressiveneurologicaldiseasewashinderingherabilitytowalk,letalonedoballet.ButHansenhadatenaciousspiritanddesperatelywantedtolearnballet.HansenjoinedinweeklygroupclassesatSchlachte’sballetstudiocalledBalletforallKids,astudiothatteacheschildrenwithdisabilities.Soonaftershebeganclassesandprivatelessons,herfamilysawavastimprovementinherabilitytomove.
Sheworkedtirelesslyinthestudio,focusingonwhatherinstructorwantedfromher.“Atthetime,herfootwouldn’tfullyrestonthefloor,”explainsSchlachte.“That’swhyshecouldn’tstandonherown,therewasnosupport.”Schlachtepushedherstudent,explainingtoHansenthatherbrainhasneuroplasticity（可塑性）soeventuallyitwillreceivethemessage.
Asamom,aclassicallytrainedballerina,andholdingadegreeinpsychology,BonnieSchlachtewastheperfectpersontopushHansentodoherbest.Schlachteputherselfthroughcollegewithdanceandtheaterscholarships.Aftergraduation,shecameacrossanopportunitywithchildrenwithdevelopmentaldisabilities.Shefellinloveandchosetofocusonjobsinthatfield.
Yearslater,SchlachtefoundherselfwatchingandcelebratingHansen,whoatonepointcouldbarelywalk,wasnowmovingacrosstheflooronherowntwofeet.“Oneday,herankledropped,andsheputherwholefootontheground,”saysSchlachte.“Iwascrying,hermomwascrying,itwasagreatmoment.”
24.WhatkindofpersonwasSarahHansen?
A.Anxiousandcareful.B.Determinedandhard-working.
C.Happyandgenerous.D.Energeticandconfident.
25.WhydidSarahHansencallherselfa“weeble-wobble”?
A.Shehadgreatdifficultyinwalkingproperly.
B.ShemetBonnieSchlachteforthefirsttime.
C.Shecouldwalkveryfastcarryingsomething.
D.Shewouldstopherselffromfallingquickly.
26.WhatmadeSchlachteandHansen’smothercry?
A.Hansen’sdegreeinpsychology.B.Hansen’sdanceandtheaterscholarships.
C.Hansen’simprovementinwalking.D.Hansen’sopportunitywithchildren.
27.WhatdidSchlachtedotohelpHansenwalk?
A.SheaskedHansentocontrolherbrain.B.ShepushedHanseninawheelchair.
C.SheputHansen’sfootfullyonthefloor.D.Shepaidthefeeforher.
C
Weallthinkplantswereexpectedtogetlargerwithincreasedcarbondioxideintheatmosphere,butchangesintemperature,humidity（湿度）andnutrientavailabilityseemtohavetrumpedthebenefitsofincreasedcarbondioxide”saidresearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingapore.
45percentofthespeciesstudiednowreachsmalleradultsizesthantheydidinthepast.Theresearcherspointedoutthatwarmertemperaturesandchanginghabitats,causedbyclimatechange,arepossiblereasonsforshrinkingcreatures.
“Wedonotyetknowthemechanisms（机制）involved,orwhysomeorganismaregettingsmallerwhileothersareunaffected,”theresearcherssaid.“Untilweunderstandmore,wecouldberiskingnegativeconsequencesthatwecan’tyetquantify.’’
Thechangeisbigincold-bloodedanimals.Onlytwodecadesofwarmertemperaturesareenoughtomakeretiles（爬行动物）smaller.Anincreaseofonly1degreecentigradecausednearlya10percentincreaseinmetabolism（新陈代谢）.Greateruseofenergyresultedintinytortoisesandlittlelizards.Fisharesmallernowtoo.Thoughoverfishinghasplayedapartinreducingnumbers,experimentsshowthatwarmertemperaturesalsostopfishgrowing.
Warm-bloodedanimalsaren’timmune（免除）fromthesizechangecausedbyclimatechange.Manybirdsarenowsmaller.Soaysheeparethinner.ReddeerareweakenAndpolarbearsaresmaller,comparedwithhistoricalrecords.
ThisisnotthefirsttimethishashappenedinEarth’shistory.55millionyearsago,awarmingeventsimilartothecurrentclimatechangecausedbees,spidersandantstoshrinkby50to75percentoverseveralthousandyears.Thateventhappenedoveralongertimethanthecurrentclimatechange.
Thespeedofmodemclimatechangecouldmeanorganismsmaynotrespondoradaptquicklyenough,especiallythosewithlonggenerationtimesclimatechangewillbeshowninthefuture.
28.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout______
A.Whysomespeciesbecomesmaller.
B.HowclimatechangesinEarth’shistory?
C.Climatechangehasmanynegativeeffects.
D.Speciesarebecomingsmallerasclimategetswarmer.
29.Theunderlinedword“trumped”mthefirstparagraphprobablymean.
A.strengthenedB.gainedC.beaterD.equaled
30.ResearchersfromtheNationalUniversityofSingaporebelievethat
A.theyhavefoundtheexactcausesforcreaturesgettingsmaller.
B.all
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