最新剑桥8真题阅读解析Word文件下载.docx
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Occasionally,itwilltakeabranchandgosomeplaceitwasn'
tsupposedtogo.'
Andanyway,whowouldwanttofirestreamsofrocketsinapopulatedarea?
'
Whatgoesupmustcomedown,'
pointsoutJean-ClaudeDielsoftheUniversityofNewMexico.Dielsisleadingaproject,whichisbackedbyEPRI,totrytouselaserstodischargelightningsafely-andsafetyisabasicrequirementsincenoonewantstoputthemselvesortheirexpensiveequipmentatrisk.Witharound$500,000investedsofar,apromisingsystemisjustemergingfromthelaboratory.
Theideabegansome20yearsago,whenhigh-poweredlaserswererevealingtheirabilitytoextractelectronsoutofatomsandcreateions.Ifalasercouldgeneratealineofionisationintheairallthewayuptoastormcloud,thisconductingpathcouldbeusedtoguidelightningtoEarth,beforetheelectricfieldbecomesstrongenoughtobreakdowntheairinanuncontrollablesurge.Tostopthelaseritselfbeingstruck,itwouldnotbepointedstraightattheclouds.Insteaditwouldbedirectedatamirror,andfromthereintothesky.Themirrorwouldbeprotectedbyplacinglightningconductorscloseby.Ideally,thecloud-zapper（gun）wouldbecheapenoughtobeinstalledaroundallkeypowerinstallations,andportableenoughtobetakentointernationalsportingeventstobeamupatbrewingstormclouds.
Astumblingblock
However,thereisstillabigstumblingblock.Thelaserisnoniftyportable:
it'
samonsterthattakesupawholeroom.Dielsistryingtocutdownthesizeandsaysthatalaseraroundthesizeofasmalltableisintheoffing.Heplanstotestthismoremanageablesystemonlivethundercloudsnextsummer.
BernsteinsaysthatDiels'
ssystemisattractinglotsofinterestfromthepowercompanies.Buttheyhavenotyetcomeupwiththe$5millionthatEPRIsayswillbeneededtodevelopacommercialsystem,bymakingthelasersyetsmallerandcheaper.'
IcannotsayIhavemoneyyet,butI'
mworkingonit,'
saysBernstein.Hereckonsthattheforthcomingfieldtestswillbetheturningpoint-andhe'
shopingforgoodnews.Bernsteinpredicts'
anavalancheofinterestandsupport'
ifallgoeswell.Heexpectstoseecloud-zapperseventuallycosting100,000each.
Otherscientistscouldalsobenefit.Withalightning'
switch'
attheirfingertips,materialsscientistscouldfindoutwhathappenswhenmightycurrentsmeetmatter.Dielsalsohopestoseethebirthof'
interactivemeteorology'
-notjustforecastingtheweatherbutcontrollingit.'
Ifwecoulddischargeclouds,wemightaffecttheweather,'
hesays.
Andperhaps,saysDiels,we'
llbeabletoconfrontsomeothermeteorologicalmenaces.'
Wethinkwecouldpreventhailbyinducinglightning,'
hesays.Thunder,theshockwavethatcomesfromalightningflash,isthoughttobethetriggerforthetorrentialrainthatistypicalofstorms.Alaserthunderfactorycouldshakethemoistureoutofclouds,perhapspreventingtheformationofthegianthailstonesthatthreatencrops.Withluck,asthestormcloudsgatherthiswinter,laser-totingresearcherscould,forthefirsttime,strikeback.
Questions1-3
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.
Writethecorrectletterinboxes1-3onyouranswersheet.
1Themaintopicdiscussedinthetextis
A
thedamagecausedtoUSgolfcoursesandgolfplayersbylightningstrikes.
B
theeffectoflightningonpowersuppliesintheUSandinJapan.
C
avarietyofmethodsusedintryingtocontrollightningstrikes.
D
alasertechniqueusedintryingtocontrollightningstrikes.
2Accordingtothetext,everyyearlightning
doesconsiderabledamagetobuildingsduringthunderstorms.
killsorinjuresmainlygolfersintheUnitedStates.
killsorinjuresaround500peoplethroughouttheworld.
damagesmorethan100Americanpowercompanies.
3ResearchersattheUniversityofFloridaandattheUniversityofNewMexico
receivefundsfromthesamesource.
areusingthesametechniques.
areemployedbycommercialcompanies.
areinoppositiontoeachother.
Questions4-6
Completethesentencesbelow.
ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.
Writeyouranswersinboxes4-6onyouranswersheet.
4
EPRIreceivesfinancialsupportfrom………………………….
5TheadvantageofthetechniquebeingdevelopedbyDielsisthatitcanbeused……………….
6Themaindifficultyassociatedwithusingthelaserequipmentisrelatedtoits……………….
Questions7-10
Completethesummaryusingthelistofwords,A-I,below.
Writethecorrectletter,A-I,inboxes7-10onyouranswersheet.
Inthismethod,alaserisusedtocreatealineofionisationbyremovingelectronsfrom7………………………….Thislaseristhendirectedat8…………………………inordertocontrolelectricalcharges,amethodwhichislessdangerousthanusing9………………………….Asaprotectionforthelasers,thebeamsareaimedfirstlyat10………………………….
Acloud-zappersBatomsCstormclouds
DmirrorsEtechniqueFions
GrocketsHconductorsIthunder
Questions11-13
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?
Inboxes11-13onyouranswersheetwrite
YES
ifthestatementagreeswiththeclaimsofthewriter
NO
ifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthewriter
NOTGIVEN
ifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis
11
PowercompanieshavegivenDielsenoughmoneytodevelophislaser.
12
Obtainingmoneytoimprovethelaserswilldependontestsinrealstorms.
13
WeatherforecastersareintenselyinterestedinDiels'
ssystem.
READINGPASSAGE1
篇章结构
体裁
说明文
主题
用激光回击闪电
结构
第1段：
闪电带来的危害
第2段：
科研人员正在研究回击闪电的方法
第3段：
先前的闪电回击术介绍
第4段：
火箭回击术的缺陷
第5段：
更安全的激光回击术
第6段：
激光回击术的技术原理
第7段：
激光回击术的缺陷
第8段：
通过实地实验改进激光回击术
第9段：
激光回击术对其他学科也有益处
第10段：
激光回击术的其他用途
解题地图
难度系数：
★★★
解题顺序：
按题目顺序解答即可
友情提示：
烤鸭们注意：
本文中的SUMMARY题目顺序有改变，解题要小心；
MULTIPLECHOICE的第三题是个亮点，爱浮想联翩的烤鸭们可能会糊掉。
必背词汇
1.inflict
v.造成
Thestrikesinflictedseriousdamageontheeconomy.罢工给经济造成了重大损失。
2.invitingadj.吸引人的
Thelogfirelookedwarmandinviting.篝火看上去温暖而诱人。
3.propertyn.财产；
属性
Thehotelisnotresponsibleforanylossordamagetoguests’personalproperty.
酒店不承担宾客的任何个人财产的丢失或损坏。
aherbwithhealingproperties具有治疗效果的草药
physical/chemicalproperties物理特性/化学特性
4.fund
v.资助，投资
Theprojectisjointlyfundedbyseverallocalcompanies.这个项目得到了当地几家公司的联合资助。
government-fundedresearch政府资助的研究
5.backv.支持，帮助
Theschemehasbeenbackedbyseveralmajorcompaniesintheregion.
这个项目得到了该地区几家大公司的支持。
SomesuspectedthattherebellionwasbackedandfinancedbytheUS.
有人怀疑这次叛乱是由美国主使并资助的。
6.discharge
v.放电；
排出
Bothformsarereadilygasifiedbyelectricaldischargewithoutleavinganytangibleresidue.
两种形态都易被放电气化而不剩任何可触察的残余。
7.emerge
v.出现，浮现
Thesunemergedfrombehindtheclouds.太阳从云朵中探出头来。
Eventuallythetruthemerged.真相最终浮出水面。
8.revealv.展现，显示；
揭示，泄露
Hemaybeprosecutedforrevealingsecretsaboutthesecurityagency.
他可能会因为泄露国安局机密而遭检控。
Herevealedthathehadbeeninprisontwicebefore.他透露说他曾经坐过两次牢。
9.generatev.使产生
Theprogramwouldgeneratealotofnewjobs.这项计划会创造很多新职位。
Tourismgeneratesincomeforlocalcommunities.旅游业给当地社区带来了收入。
10.surgen.涌流：
猛增
asurgeofexcitement一阵兴奋
asurgeofrefugeesintothecountr
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