现在完成时讲解及练习附答案名师精讲.docx
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现在完成时讲解及练习附答案名师精讲
现在完成时
先看几个例句:
1.Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间。
2.Hehasn’tfinishedhishomework.他还没完成作业。
3.Haveyoureadthisnovel?
你看过这本小说吗?
Yes,Ihave.是的,看过了。
No,Ihaven’t.不,没看过。
4.WehavestudiedEnglishfortwoyears.
我们已经学了两年英语了。
5.Theyhaven’tseeneachothersince1998.
自从1998年他们就没再见过面。
一、构成:
肯定式:
主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.
疑问式:
助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?
否定式:
主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.
例:
Ihaveworkedherefor3years.
否定句:
疑问句:
回答:
就划线部分提问:
过去分词的构成分为规则变化和不规则变化两种:
规则变化:
a)一般情况下,在动词后直接加ed,如play---played,work---worked,water---watered,finish---finished等;
b)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y变成i再加ed,carry---carriedstudy---studied等;
c)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的动词要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加ed如:
stop---stopped,shop---shopped等。
不规则变化:
见一般时当中的不规则动词表点击→不规则动词表
写出下列动词的过去分词:
put---hear---come---
make---hurry---watch---
swim---be---talk---
want---study---stop---
take---see---like---
二、用法:
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的,不需要打扫了)
Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里
Ihavehadmylunch.--我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿
2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,
IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。
Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时
3表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历.
Ihaveneverhadacar(我从未有过汽车。
)
Ihavebeentheretwice.
动词填空:
1._____you________(clean)theroom?
Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.
When_______you______(do)it?
We_______(do)itanhourago.
2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?
Yes.
When_____he_____(see)it?
He______itlastweek.
3.Howmanytimes_____you______(be)there?
三、标志词
◆常与①already,②never,③ever,④just,
⑤yet,⑥before,⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,
⑨forthelastfewweeks⑾since⑿foralongtime/for
标志词的区别
1.for+一段时间
Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.
He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.
2.since+(表示过去某一时间的)时间点/单词/词组/从句(一般过去时)
Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.
Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.
IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.
注2):
对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.
Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?
Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.
注3):
短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用,当然也不能用于howlong引导的问句中
Eg.(误)Ihavelefttherefor5years.
(正)Ihavebeenawaytherefor5years.
选用for和since填空:
1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.
2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.
3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.
4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.
5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.
6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.
a)already往往用于肯定句,用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气;yet用于否定句和疑问句。
•Hehasalreadylefthere.
他已经离开这里了。
•Hashealreadylefthere?
他(真的)已经离开这里了吗?
(表示加强语气)
•Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.
我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
•Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?
你已经给你父母写过信了吗?
b)never是否定词,表示“从来没有”,而ever表示“曾经”
•WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.
我们从来没有去过长城。
•HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?
你们曾经去过加拿大吗?
c.just用于句中,表示“刚刚”
Eg.I’vejusthadbreakfast.
Whathavetheyjustdone?
d.before在现在完成时中的用法
用于句末,表示“以前”
Eg.I’veseenitbefore.
四、短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用,这些动词是:
①become,②begin,③buy,④borrow,
⑤come(go,arrive),⑥die,⑦finish,⑧join,⑨leave,
●为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词来代替短暂性动词。
become→be,begin→have,
borrow→keep,buy→have,
come(go,arrive,get)→behere/there/in…,
die→bedead,finish→beover,
join→bein…(beamemberof…)
leave→beaway(from…),
五、与一般过去时的用法比较
1现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情,但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身,而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系(如现在的结果,影响,一直延续到现在等);而一般过去时,则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。
eg:
HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。
HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。
第一句用现在完成时时态,想表达意为:
“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“过去他买了一本英汉字典,现在他还有这本字典”。
第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实,至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强
调说明。
2.常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语:
yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),
justnow(刚才),时间+ago,last+时间等;
eg:
Theplanetookofftenminutesago.
Wefinishedourtasklastweek.
六、完成时辨析
)have/hasgoneto,have/hasbeento和have/hasbeenin的区别
have/hasgoneto:
表示某人已经去了某地现在还没回来,可能现在正在某地或者正在去那里或回来的路上.
have/hasbeento:
表示某人曾经去过某地,但现在己经不在某地.
Have/hasbeenin:
某人在某地
1.Mikeandhisparents__________thenorthforhalfayear.
2.Mumisnotathomenow.she_________theshop.
3.______youever_____tokunming?
Never.
4.Where_____you______thesedays?
5.HasJimarrivedyet?
Yes,he_______hereforseveraldays.
6.WhereisPeter?
Idon’tknowwherehe________.
7.HiJim!
Where_____you_____?
LiLeiislookingforyou.
完成时练习
4.I__________(read)thenoveltwice.It’sinteresting.
5.She_________(go)toPairs,hasn’tshe?
Yes.
How______she_______(go)there?
She_______(go)therebyair.
6.Sofar,manycountries_______________(develop)
theirsoftwareprograms.
7.MrChen______(give)upsmokinglastyear.
8.MrChen__________(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.
、翻译下列句子:
1.你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?
2.我刚刚丢了我的语文书。
3.我以前从来没去过那个公园。
4.他已经吃过午饭了。
5.你已经看过这部电影了吗?
6.我哥哥还没回来。
7.我自从上星期看过这部电影。
8.自从1992年他住在这里。
9.这本字典我已买了三年了。
10.他离开中国三年了
1.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?
2.IhavelostmyChinesebook.
3Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.
5Haveyouseenthismovieyet?
6Mybrotherhasnotreturned.
7Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.8Hehaslivedheresince1992.
9Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.10HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.
一、用所给词的正确形式填空
1.WeiFangisn'there.She______(go)tothereadingroom.
2.ZhangHong______(make)manyfriendssinceshecametoParis.
3.She_______(work)inthisfactoryfortenyears.
4.They______(nothear)fromeachothersince1995.
5.—___________you___________(finish)yourhomeworkyet?
—No,notyet.
6.—WhereisJim?
—He______(go)toCanada.
7.Howlong______you______(be)atthisschool?
8.I_______(have)breakfastalready.
9.She______(study)Englishforthreeyears.
10.I_______never_______(see)suchawonderfulmatchbefore。
11.Hehasn't______(see)thefilm.Heisreallylookingforwardtoseeingit.
12.I____(be)toShanghaiforseveraltime.
13、---_____you_____(be)toBeijing?
---yes,Ihave.
14、Herparents__________(notwrite)tohersincetheyleft.
15、Howlonghaveyou______(teach)Englishinschool?
现在完成时
基础题
1.Howlonghaveyou_____here?
A.comeB.gotC.arrivedD.been
2.Mygrandpadied_____.
A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2D.myagewas6
3.Janehas_____toBeijing.Shewillcomebacktomorrow.
A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen
4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.
A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that
5.TheSmiths_____inChinafor8years.
A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live
6.--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?
--Sorry.He_____theBainiaoPark.
A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto
7._____readingthebookyet?
A.HaveyoufinishedB.Wereyoufinishing
C.HadyoufinishedD.Areyoufinishing
8.Ourteam_____everymatchsofarthisyear,butwestillhavethreegamestoplay.
A.waswinningB.haswonC.hadwonD.wins
9.Ishalltellyouwhathe____atthreeo’clockyesterdayafternoon.
A.hasdoneB.hasbeendoneC.hadbeendoingD.wasdoing
10.I_____myhomeworknow.
A.finishB.finishedC.havefinishedD.hadfinished
11.Theeveningparty_____.Youarealittlelate.
A.justbeganB.justhasbegunC.hasjustbegunD.hasbegunjustnow
12.Thedogisstillwet.It_____outoftherain.
A.onlyjustcomesB.hasonlyjustcoming
C.wasonlyjustcomeD.hasonlyjustcome
13.I_____thisradiofortwoyears.
A.usedB.useC.haveusedD.amused
14.I_____frommybrotherforalongtime.
A.nothaveheardB.havenotheardC.haveheardnotD.donothear
15.I_____acollegestudentformorethanayear.
A.becameB.havebecomeC.wasD.havebeen
16.He_____homefornearlythreeweeks.
A.hasgoneawayfromB.hasleftC.hasbeenawayfromD.wentawayfrom
17.--DidyourbrothergotoAmericalastyear?
--_____.
A.No,hehasnevergothereB.No,hehasnevergonehere
C.No,heneverwasthereD.No,he’sneverbeenthere
18.Myuncle_____inthatfactorysince1958.
A.workedB.hadworkedC.isworkingD.hasworked
19.I_____hersinceshewasalittlegirl.
A.knewB.knowC.hadknownD.haveknown
20.Hisgrandfather_____forthirtyyears.
A.diedB.wasdeadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied
提高题
1.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?
--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.
A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet
2.--Whatanicedress!
Howlong_____you_____it?
--Just2weeks.
A.will;buyB.did;buyC.are;havingD.have;had
3.--DoyouknowLydiaverywell?
--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.
A.havemadeB.havebecomeC.havebeenD.haveturned
4.--____youever_____totheUS?
--Yes,twice.
A.Have;goneB.Have;beenC,Do;goD.were;going
5.Sinceyoudon’twanttogo,I_____alone.
A.willgoB.goC.wentD.havegone
6.He_____inShanghaiin196o.
A.livesB.livedC.haslivedD.isliving
7.Robert_____inEnglandafewweeksago.
A.arrivesB.hasarrivedC.couldarriveD.arrived
8.Howlong_____inFujian?
A.hashearrivedB.didhearriveC.hashebeenD.arrived
9.Jack_____alettertohisparentsrecently.
A.writesB.wroteC.writeD.haswritten
10.Shehasbeenhere_____.
A.after1978B.for1978C.in1978D.since1978
11.--Howlong_____you____acold?
--Eversincelastnight.
A.have