Unit ThreeUnderstanding Science文档格式.docx

Unit ThreeUnderstanding Science文档格式.docx

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2.likely:

1）adj.probable,possible

Itislikelytodo…“It”为形式主语，真正的主语是“todo”的不定式结构

e.g.Itislikelytoraintomorrow.

Itislikelythat…“It”为形式主语，真正的主语是“that”引导的从句

e.g.Itislikelythatmyroommatewillwinthefirst-classscholarship.

sth.belikelytodo…

e.g.Anearthquakeislikelytostriketheareainayearortwo.

2）adv.

e.g.Itisreportedthatanothersandstormwillverylikelycomeinthenext24hours.

同义词用法辨析：

likely的句型结构有：

Itislikelytodo…

Itislikelythat…

sb./sth.belikelytodo…

possible和probable的句型有：

Itisprobable/possibletodo…

Itisprobable/possiblethat…

不可以说：

sb./sth.beprobable/possibletodo…

3.minority:

thesmallerinnumberoftwogroupsformingawhole

e.g.ethnicminority少数民族

n.minoritymajority

adj.minormajor

4.highly:

very

e.g.AhighlysuccessfulCEO

Ahighlybeautifulgirl.

用法辨析：

highadj./adv.用作副词时表示具体空间高度和位置的高

e.g.Heclimbedhighupthemountain.

highlyadv.表示抽象的程度上的高，或者用于比喻义

e.g.Heishighlyimaginative.

Peoplespeakhighlyofthenewpresident.

5.put/turntheclockback:

returntoasituationthatusedtoexist

e.g.Theemploymentbillinwhichwomenarenotallowedtotakejobswillputtheclockbackfiftyyears.

Forgetallaboutitandlooktothefuture;

youcan’tturntheclockback.

6.cutoff:

stopproviding

[cutoffelectricity/gas/water/telephoneetc.]

e.g.WaterandelectricitysuppliesinthecityhavebeencutoffbecauseoftheAmericanattacks.

Theirphonehasbeencutoffbecausetheyhaven’tpaidthebill.

7.bringabout:

makehappen

e.g.Indigestionmaybringaboutthisdisease.

Sciencehasbroughtaboutmanychangesinourlives.

Theeducatorsarehopingtobringaboutmajorchangesintheeducationalsystem.

8.moreover:

adv.

e.g.Thecompositionisnotwellwritten,andmoreover,therearemanyspellingmistakesinit.

Thepriceistoohigh,andmoreover,thehouseisn'

tinasuitableposition.

写作中经常使用的此类表示递进的关联词：

besides,moreover,furthermore,inaddition,also

9.inquireabout/whether:

e.g.“issomethingwrong?

”heinquired.

Irangup（callup）toinquireabouttraintimes.

Heaskedforhiskeyandinquiredwhethertherehadbeenanymessagesforhim.

10.initiative:

1）theabilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutwaitingforsb.totellyouwhattodo

showinitiative

e.g.Iwishmysonwouldshowabitmoreinitiative.

2）bethefirstpersontotakeactiontoimproveasituationorrelationship.Esp.whenotherpeoplearewaitingforsomebodyelsetodosomething.

taketheinitiative

e.g.Whydon’tyoutaketheinitiativeandarrangeameeting?

Don’tstandaroundwaitingforsomeoneelsetotaketheinitiative.

11.rate:

e.g.Thetrainwasgoingattherateof95kilometers.

employmentrate就业率

birthrate出生率

divorcerate离婚率

taxrate税率

interestrate利率

attherateof…以…速度

e.g.Inordernottobreakthespeedlimit,ourcarisgoingattherateof60mph.

atanyrate无论如何

e.g.Atanyrate,yousurvivedthecaraccident.

Well,atanyrate,letmethankyouforallyoudidforme.

12.ensure:

makesure

ensuresth.

e.g.Wecannotensurethepunctualarrivaloftrainsinfoggyweather.

ensurethat

e.g.Heensuredthatallthesecretdatawouldbemadepublic.

ensuresb.sth.

e.g.IamsorryIcan’tensureyouagoodpost.

insure保险insuresth.againststh.;

havesth.insured

e.g.HeinsuredhimselfagainstaccidentfortenmillionYuan.

ensure采取必要措施保证某事发生（强调客观性）

assure向某人保证，使其放心assuresb.ofsth.;

assuresb.that

e.g.Heassuredmeofthesafetyoflivingintheneighborhood.

13.inform:

tell

informsb.ofsth.

e.g.TheyinformedusoftheirarrivalatPudongAirport.

Theyinformedusofthenews.

inform+thatclause

e.g.Haveyouinformedthepolicethatthere’sbeenanaccident?

informedsources

e.g.Accordingtoinformedsources,hehasbeenenrolledbyHarvardUniversity.

14.steady

1）constant

e.g.Therehadbeenasteadyimprovementinhercondition.

2）firm

e.g.Keepthecamerasteadywhileyoutakeapicture.

[steadyjob/income]

15.basis:

pl.bases

e.g.Thevideowillprovideabasisforclassdiscussion.

onthebasisof…在…的基础上

e.g.Employersarenotallowedtodiscriminateonthebasisofsex.

onadaily/weeklybasis每天/周

e.g.Allroomarecleanedonadailybasis.

onavoluntary/trial/parttimebasis自愿地，试验地，兼职地

e.g.Themachinehasbeeninstalledonatrialbasis.

basis无形的或抽象的事物的基础

e.g.Theresearchwillformthebasisofabook.

basen.有形物体的基础

e.g.Themachinerestsonawidebaseofsteel.

v.建立

16.tend

1）tendtodo:

打算…

e.g.Shetendstolosehertemperifyoudisagreewithher.

Pricetendstoriseatthewartime.

Excessiveeatingtendstomakeyoufat.

2）lookafter

形近词辨析：

tendv.倾向于（todo）；

照顾

intendv.打算（todo）

trendn.趋势

17.intermsof:

asregard

e.g.Intermsofsalary,thejobisterrible.

Thefiguresareexpressedintermsofapercentage.

Intermsofcustomersatisfaction,thepolicycan’tbecriticized.

18.intheformof

1）havingtheshapeof

e.g.Thelanewasintheformofabig“S”.

2）existinginparticularform

e.g.Theyreceivedabenefitintheformofataxreduction.

19.entertain

1）givepleasureto

e.g.Children’stelevisionprogramsnotonlyentertainbutalsoteach.

Heentertainedhisfriendswithstoriesfromhischildhood.

2）haveasaguest

e.g.Accordingtotheschoolregulations,womenstudentsarenotallowedtoentertainmenintheirrooms.

Myhusbandisinthekitchen;

weareentertainingtheSmithsthisnight.

同根词：

entertainmentn.款待，娱乐，娱乐表演；

entertainern.演员，艺人；

entertainingadj.愉快的,有趣的

20.hence

1）asaresult;

therefore

Heisanextremelyprivateperson;

hencehisreluctancetogiveinterviewstoreporters.

Itwasasteepanddifficultrouteandhencenottoopopularwithwalkers.

注：

hence,therefore和thus都是副词，不能连接句子。

如需用连词，要使用so。

2）fromthistime

Idon’tknowwhereIwillbesixmonthshence.

✓Backgroundintroduction

21.StephenHawking（1942-）:

aBritishscientistwhohasgreatlyinfluencedpeople’sideasontheoriginsoftheuniverse.Hehasdevotedmuchofhislifetoprobingthespace-timedescribedbygeneralrelativityandthesingularitieswhereitbreaksdown.Andhe’sdonemostofhisworkwhileconfinedtoawheelchair,broughtonbytheprogressiveneurologicaldisease.

Inthelate1960s,hawkingprovedthatifgeneralrelativityistrueandtheuniverseisexpanding,asingularitymusthaveoccurredatthebirthoftheuniverse.In1974hefirstrecognizedatrulyremarkablepropertyofblackholes,objectsfromwhichnothingwassupposedtobeabletoescape.HehaswrittentheinternationalbestsellerABriefHistoryofTime.ThebookspentmorethanfouryearsontheLondonSundayTimesbestsellerlist—thelongestrunforanybookinhistory.

22.Frankenstein:

anovelbyanEnglishwriterMaryShelley.ItisthestoryofaSwissscientist,Dr.Frankenstein,whomakesalivingcreaturefrompiecesofdeadbodies.Thecreatureislikeaman,butstronger,andalthoughitisgentleatfirst,itlaterattacksandkillsseveralpeopleclosetoFrankenstein.Therehavebeenmanyfilmsbasedonthestoryandvariationsofit:

Everybodywasdressedupasaghost,avampireorFrankenstein’smonster.

23.TheSkyatNight:

apopularBritishtelevisionprogramaboutthestarsandplanets,broadcasteverymonthbytheBBCsince1957.Itiswellknownforthewayinwhichitspresenter,PatrickMoore,givesscientificinformationinanentertainingway.

24.AlbertEinstein（1879-1955）:

aphysicist,borninGermany,whowaspossiblythegreatestscientistofthe20thcentury.In1905hepublishedhistheoryofrelativity.Thisledtotheequationgivingtherelationshipbetweenmassandenergy,E=mc2,whichisthebasisofatomicenergy.Einsteinsuggestedhowitcouldbeusedformakingweapons,butafterWorldWarTwo,hespokepubliclyagainstnuclearweapons.By1917,hehadbecomefamousallovertheworld.

%While-readingtasks

✓Contentquestions

25.Whatistheattitudeofsomepeopletowardsthechangesbroughtaboutbysciencetechnology?

（Para.1）

26.Whatwaslifelikebeforescienceandtechnologybegantochangeourwayoflife?

27.What’sthemainideaofthisparagraph?

（Para.2）

28.Isitpossibletopreventscienceandtechnologyfromfurtherdevelopment?

Whyorwhynot?

29.Whatdoestheauthorthinkweshoulddoaboutscienceandtechnology?

（Para.3）

30.Whyisitnecessaryforthepublictohaveabasicunderstandingofscience?

31.Howdoesthepublicfeelaboutscience?

32.Howtoeducatethepublicinscience?

What’sthebasicone?

（Para.