C# 简介毕业论文外文翻译.docx

C# 简介毕业论文外文翻译.docx

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附录1英文文献翻译

1.英文

1.1 INTROUCTIONTOC#

1.1.1 TheBirthofC#

Asarecentbirthintheprogramminglanguagefamily#hastwoprogramminglanguageparents++andJava#containsmanyC++featuresbutalsoaddstheobject-orientedfeaturesfromJava.

C#containsmanydifferentcomponents,including:

• Versioningsupport,sothatyourbaseandderivedclasses-templatesthatdefinehowanobjectperforms一remaincompatibleasyoudevelopthem

• Events,sothatyourprogramcannotifyclientsofaclassaboutsomethingthathashappenedtoanobject

• Typesafetyandverificationthatincreasesreliabilityandensurescodesecurity

• Garbagecollection,sothatyourprogramcanidentityobjectsthatyourprogramcannolongerreach

• Unsafemode,whereyoucanusepointerstomanipulatememoryoutsidethegarbagecollector'scontrol,includingmethodsandproperties

1.1.2 CloseRelationswithCandC++

C#isbuiltontheC++language,soitbehavesmuchlikethelanguage.LikeC++,C#letsyouwriteenterpriseapplications,andC#containsmanyC++features,includingstatementsandoperators.C#alsoprovidesaccesstocommonApplicationProgramInterface（API）stylesincludingComponentObjectModel（COM）andC-styleAPIs.

1.1.3 Security

ComputernetworksletprogrammersshareVisualStudio.NETcodeincludingC#programsacrossthenetwork.ThiscollaborativeeffortletsyouandyourprogrammingteamcreateC#programsmuchmorequicklythanonepersonalone.TheproblemwithcollaboratingoveranetworkisthatunauthorizedusersfromwithinoroutsideyournetworkmaytrytogainaccesstoyourC#programcode.

VisualStudio.NETprovidesbuilt-insecurityfeaturessoyouortheleaderofyourprogrammingteamcandeterminewhoonyournetworkgetsaccesstoyourC#programcodeandresources.Youcanalsosetdifferentlevelsofsecurityfordifferentpeopleincaseyouwantonlycertainpeopletohaveaccesstocertainprogramcode.

1.1.4 Integration

TheprimaryadvantageofusingVisualStudio.NETisthatalloftheprogramminglanguageshavebeendesignedtoworktogetherfromthestart.WhenyouwriteanewC#program,VisualStudio.NETgivesyoutoolsthatyoucanusetoprogramlinksfromyourC#programintoanotherprogramwritteninanotherVisualStudio.NETlanguage.

Forexample,youcancreateadatabaseinVisualFoxProandthencreateaC#programthatlinksintotheVisualFoxProdatabase.IfyouhavewrittenoracquiredcompletedprogramsinaVisualStudiolanguagesuchasVisualC++orVisualBasic,youcanincludelinksfromyourC#programintothoseprograms.Theendresultisseamlessintegratedfunctionalitybetweenprograms.

1.1.5 DifferencesBetweenC#andC++

MicrosoftincludesVisualC++andC#inVisualStudio.NET.Onthesurface#hasfewdifferencesfromVisualC++.Whenyoulookcarefullyandstartprogramming,youwillnoticethatC#differsinseveralimportantrespectsfromVisualC++:

• C#hasanalternatemethodofaccessingtheC++initializationlistwhenconstructingthebaseclass.

• Aclasscaninheritimplementationfromonlyonebaseclass.

• Youcancalloverriddenbaseclassmembersfromderivedclasses.

• C#hasadifferentsyntaxfordeclaringC#arrays.

• Therearedifferencesinseveraldifferenttypesincludingbool,struct,anddelegate.

• TheMainmethodisdeclareddifferently.

• Supportofthenewrefandoutmethodparametersthatareusedinsteadofpointersforpassingparametersbyreference.

• Newstatementsincludingswitchandfinally.

• Newoperatorsincludingisandtypeof.

• Differentfunctionalityforsomeoperatorsandforoverloadingoperators.

1.1.6 DLLs

TheadventofWindowsbroughtdynamiclinklibraries（DLLs）toprogrammers.DLLsaresmall,independentprogramsthatcontainexecutableroutinesthatprogramscanusetoproduceacertainresultinWindows.Forexample,ifaprogramneedstoopenafile,youcanwriteyourC#programthatusesthecodeintheDLLtoopenthefile.UsingDLLsfreesupyourtimetoworkonyourprogramwithouthavingtoreprogramthesamecodeinyourC#programoverandoveragain.

YoucanaccessDLLsfromyourC#program,andcreateDLLsinC#foryourC#foryourC#programtorefertowhennecessary.C#hasfullCOM/Platformsupport,soyoucanintegrateC#codewithanyprogramminglanguagethatcanproduceCOMDLLssuchasVisualC++.

1.1.7 XML

ExtensibleMarkupLanguage（XML）isamorepowerfulversionofHyperTextMarkupLanguage（HTML）,thestandardWebpagelanguage.VisualStudio.NETandC#letyoudocumentyourprogramusingXMLandthenextracttheXMLcodeintoaseparatefile.

VisualStudio.NETsupportsXMLsothatyoucanintegrateyourC#programswiththeWorldWideWeb.YoucandocumentyourC#codeusingXMLandthenuseXMLforcreatingWebServicesandWebcontrolsthatletyouandyourcodeinteractwithaWebsite.Forexample,youmayhaveaninventorysystemwritteninC#thatinteractswiththeorder-takingpageonyourcompany'sWebSite.

1.2 STARTVISUALSTUDIO.NET

VisualStudio.NETcontainsagraphicalprogrammingenvironmentcalledtheMicrosoftDevelopmentEnvironment（MDE）.TheMDEenablesyoutocreateprogramsinVisualC#andotherVisualStudio.NETlanguages.

WhenyoustartVisualStudo.Net,theMDEwindowappearswithseveralwindowswithintheMDEwindows.InthelargestareaoftheMDEwindow,whichiscalledtheparentwindow,theVisualStudioStartpageappears.TheStartpagelistsanyrecentprojectsandprovidestwobuttonssothatyoucanopenaprojectfileorcreateanewproject.

TheStartpageletsyoulogintotheMicrosoftDevelopersNetwork（MSDN）WebsitedirectlyfromtheMDE,soyoucanreceivethelatestinformationfromMicrosoftaboutVisualStudio,gettechnicalhelpfromfellowVisualStudiousersatMicrosoft'sonlineforum,andsearchforinformationonline.

VisualStudio.NETalsoletsyoucreateandchangeyourprofilesothatcanviewwindows,enterkeyboardcommands,andreceivehelpfortheprogramminglanguageinwhichyouareworking.Forexample,ifyouhaveusedanolderversionofVisualStudiointhepastandyouprefertousetheoldwindowsandkeyboardcommands,VisualStudioletsyouuseVisualBasicandC++windowsandmenus.

1.3 OPENANEWC#PROJECT

AfteryoustarttheMDEwindows,youcanopenanewproject.AprojectcontainsallthefilesrelatedtoyourC#program.AfteryoudeterminethetypeofC#programyouwanttowrite,VisualStudiocreatesalloftheprojectfilesyouneedtostartprogramming.VisualStudiocontainsprograms.TheMDEwindowletsyoucreateeightdifferentprojectssoyoucantailoryourC#programtotheneedsofyourprogramusers.

Youcancreatethreedifferentapplicationtypes,eachwithadifferentuserinterface.First,youcancreateaWindowsapplicationthathasagraphical,form-basedinterface.Youcancreateaconsoleapplicationwithacharacter-basedinterface.Finally,youcancreateaWebapplicationthatresidesonaWebserverandusesWebpagesforitsinterface.

Youcancreatethreetypesofprogramsthatarenotfull-fledgedbutprovidecomponentsthatotherprogramscanuse.First,youcancreateaclasslibraryprogramsoyoucanprovideclassforotherprograms.Second,youcancreateaWindowscontrollibraryforcreatingformcontrolssuchasbuttons.Third,youcancreateaWebcontrollibraryprogramthatprovidesWebcontrolsforyourWeb-basedC#programs.

WhentheOpenProjectwindowappears,itshowsalltheprojectsinthedefaultprojectfolder,MyProjects.ByclickingoneoftheiconsontheleftsideoftheProjectLocationwindow,youcanchoosethefolderfromwhichaprojectisopened.

IntheProjectLocationwindows,youcanalsoselectanyfolderonyourharddrivebyclickingtheDownArrownexttotheLookinfieldandthenselectingyourdrive.Thefoldersontheselecteddriveappearinthewindow.

1.4 EXPLORINGTHEC#INTERFACE

WhenyoustartanewC#project,C#createsdefaultclassesthatdefineandcategorizetheelementsinyournewprogram.Forexample,ifyoustartanewprogram.Forexample,ifyoustartanewWindowsapplicationthathasobjects.TheClassViewwindowletsyouviewallyourclassesandtheirrelatedcomponentssoyouknewexactlywhatisinyourclasscodewithouthavingtosearchthroughthecode.

TheClassViewwindowgivesyouaconvenientwaytoseewithwhichclassanobjectinyourprogramisassociatedwithouthavingtocloseorminimizeyourprogramcodeorform.TheClassViewwindowappearsinthesamespaceintheMicrosoftDevelopmentEnvironmentwindowastheSolutionExplorerwindow.

Theclassinformationappearsinatreeformatthatyoucanexpandtoviewallclassesassociatedwithaparticularprogramcomponent,suchasaform.Ifyouhavemorethanoneprograminaproject,theClassViewwindowtreeletsyouaccessclassesforalltheprogramsintheproject.

Ifyouwanttoseeclassesthatmeetcertaincriteria,youcansortclassesinthetreealphabetically,bytypeforviewingrelatedclassesinyourprogram,orbyaccess.

IftheClassViewwindowisnotavailableasatabatthebottomoftheSolutionExplorerwindow,youcanaccesstheClassViewwindowfromthemenubar.

YoucanopentheClassViewwindowbyclickingViewandthenClassViewonthemenu.YoucanalsoopentheClassViewwindowbypressingCtrl+Shift+C.NomatterifyouaccesstheClassViewwindowusingthemenuorthekeyboard,afteryouopentheClassViewwindow,itreplacestheSolutionExplorerintheupper-rightcorneroftheparentwindow.

Whenyouclickaclass,thepropertiesforthatclassappearinthePropertieswindow;thePropertieswindowappearsbelowtheClassViewwindow.

IfyoudonothavethePropertieswindowopen,youcanright-clicktheclassandthenclickPropert