《学术英语(综合)》课后答案.docx
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《学术英语(综合)》书本答案
以下答案对书本习题中类似于“Doyou(think/agree)”giveapresentation等的部分问题进行了省略。
Unit1Economics
TextA:
Lead-in:
omitted
Criticalreadingandthinking:
Task1:
Body:
UsethelaborandskillsbehindtheThanksgivingweekendasexamplestoillustratetheconceptof"theinvisiblehand"
End:
Echothebeginning,emphasizingweshouldbegratefultothemiracleonthisThanksgivingDayandeveryday
Task2:
1. ItisnotdifficultatalltoexplainwhygrocerystoresstockuponturkeybeforeThanksgiving.Thereseemstobenomiracleinit.
2. Theuseofsomany"and's"helpstoemphasizethataseriesofactionsandallkindsofworkareinvolvedinthesaleofThanksgivingturkey.
3. Herectfromabove,,meansctfromGod".Thephraseisusedtoshowthatthereissomethingwondrousandalmostinexplicableinthesocialorderoffreedom.
Task3:
Markethasitsownwayofpunishingbusinessmalpractice.Forexample,ifafastfoodchainsellscontaminatedfood,nation-widedemandfortheirfoodwillgodown,alongwiththeirprofit.Whenacompanysellsdefectiveproducts,theyhavetodealwithliabilitycosts.
Languagebuilding-up:
Task1:
1.
1.饲料经销商;饲料批发商 2.为他自己的收益而工作
3. 技能与劳动力 4.制造塑料 5.私人交易
6.包装并定价 7.无形之手
2.
1.priced 2.labor 3.transactions
4. gain 5.labor;manufactured
6.theinvisiblehand 7.distributor
Task2:
1. Today,inmillionsofhomesacrossthenation,Godwillbethankedfbrmanygifts,forthefeastonthetableandthecompanyoflovedones,fbrhealthandgoodfortuneintheyeargoneby,fbrpeaceprivilegeofhavingbeenbom—orhavingbecome—American.(Line2,Para.l)
2. Andyet,isn*ttheresomethingwondrous—somethingalmostinexplicable—inthewayyourThanksgivingweekendismadepossiblebytheskillandlaborofvastnumbersoftotalstrangers?
(Line1,Para.4)
3. ...ThanksgivingTurkey,therewouldbeone—ormorelikely,afewdozen—waiting.(Line3,Para.6)
Task3:
1.verymany 2.buyingorselling 3.alargegroupof
4. morehuge 5.understand 6.troubled
TextB:
Criticalreadingandthinking:
Task1:
1. Consideringthatherboyfrienddoesn'tevenbothertochooseagiftforher,thegirlconcludesthathedoesn'tloveher.Therefore,shebreaksofftherelationship.Inthecasewherethestrengthofaffectionismostinquestion,peoplecarealotaboutwhatisgivenasagift.
2. Thefollowingisonemoreexamplewherethesignalingtheorycanbeapplied:
Inthejobmarket,anemployermaynotknowwhetheracandidateisqualifiedfbrapostornot.Veryoften,thecandidatewillshowtheemployereducationcredentials,whichcanbeusedasasignaltotheemployer.Thustheinformationgapisnarrowed.
Task2:
(以下所有表格题若未说明,顺序皆为从上到下,从左到右)
Internetbrowser; Windowsoperatingsystem; deter;
enteringthemarketandofferingnewproducts; carstodayincludemanybuilt-inproducts;
monopoly; 80; reliable; easiertouse;
severelylimited; changing; competitors; low;
Researching:
TheU.S.economyisafreemarketeconomywithsomegovernmentregulationadtherehasbeenalastingdebateabouthowmuchgovernmentregulationisnecessary.Thosewhoarguefbrlessregulationclaimthatthefreemarketitselfwillrequirebusinesstoprotectconsumersandprovidegoodproductsorservicesandtheinterferencefromthegovernmentcandonothingbutincreasethecostofdoingcorporationsarenotconcernedaboutthepublic5sinterest,soregulationisindispensable.Interestingly,AdamSmithhimselfbelievedthatgovernmenthadanimportantroletoplayineconomiclife.Forexample,hebelievedthatthegovernmentshouldenforcecontractsandgrantpatentsandcopyrights.
TextC:
Task:
每一个精明的一家之主都知道,如果买一样东西所花的钱比在家里自己生产所花的成本要小,那就永远不要尝试在家里生产。
裁缝不会去做自己的鞋子,而向鞋匠购买;鞋匠不会去做自己的衣服,而雇裁缝来做;农民不会去做鞋也不想缝衣,宁愿雇用不同的工匠来做。
他们都会为了自身的利益而采取某种方式来利用整个产业,在这种方式里,他们会比邻居更有优势,并用自己生产的一部分产品或者相同的东西,即以一部分产品的价格来购买他们所需要的其它任何物品。
Listening:
Task1:
omitted
Task2:
Case1:
absolutely;comparative;lower
Case2:
youcookandyourroommatecleans;youcleanandyourroommatecooks
Speaking:
omitted
Writing:
Task1:
(suggestedchoice)3>4、8
Task2:
omitted
Unit2BusinessEthics
TextA:
Lead-in:
Task:
1. Limitsmokingandtobaccoadvertising
2. 350millionpeople
3. India
Criticalreadingandthinking:
Task1:
1.
Theinvisiblehands; thewealthofitsstockholders; Profitmaximization;
thebesteconomicsystem; Freeenterprisesystem; constraints;
2.
Argument1:
1) awiderangeofregulationsareimposed
2) assessingcostsoncompanies;BPoilspill
Argument2:
1) behaveethically;valueandreputation
2) Don5tBeEvil
3) creativecapitalism
4) contributedmorethan$6billionTask2:
1. Yes,Iagree.Because:
• Earningprofitisthemainaimofeveryeconomicactivity.Abusinessisaneconomicactivityandhence,itsmainaimshouldbetoearnprofit.
• Profitisameasureofefficiencyandeconomicprosperityofthebusiness.Thisjustifiestheconceptofprofitmaximization.
• Economicconditionsdonotremainthesameallthetime.Abusinesscanretainitsprofitsothatitcansurvivetheadversesituationsinthefuture.Profitgivesprotectionagainstfuturerisksanduncertainties.
• Profitisthemainsourceoffinanceforgrowthandexpansion.Profitisessentialforthebusinessinordertoinvestinnewbusinesspropositions.
• Profitabilityisessentialfbrfullingthesocialgoalsofthebusiness.Withprofitmaximizationabusinesscandosocio-economicwelfareandfollowitspoliciesofcorporatesocialresponsibility.
No,Idon'tagree.Because:
Businessshoulddoanythingtheycantomakeaprofit,butneveratthecostofhumanwelfareandnaturalenvironment.Humanwelfaremustbeconsideredasimportantasprofitmaking.Abusinessissuccessfultotheextentthatitprovideaproductthatcontributetohappinessinallitsforms.Asamatteroffact,thegreatvalueofabusinessshouldbemorallyassociatedwithconsumerssatisfactionandsafety.Ontheotherhand,businessesofgreatvalueshouldnotbeblindtotheirmoralobligationsofprotectingthenaturalenvironment.
2. Yes,itisaveryeffectivewayforsocietytoimposesuchregulationstopreventcompaniesfromengaginginpracticesthathurtsociety.Formostbusinessestheirultimategoalistomakeprofits.Itistruethatmostbusinessmentrytoabidebythelawswhilemakingprofits.Howeverwehavetoadmitthattherearesomewhouseeverymeanstomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible,evenregardlessofinterestsofemployees,communities,andenvironment.
3. Yes,havingagoodreputationwithcustomers,suppliers,employeesandregulatorsisessentialifvalueistobemaximized.Businesssuccessisassociatedwithmanyfactors,suchascustomers,suppliers,employeesandregulators.Ifcustomersaresatisfiedwithyourproductsandservice,theywillbeloyalto
第4页(共23页)
yourcompany.Ifsuppliersprovideyouwithqualifiedproducts,yourbusinesswilloperatewell.Ifemployeesaretreatedwell,theywillworkveryhardandarewillingtobepartofyourcompany.Ifregulatorsarecertainthatyourcompanyactsfairlyandfollowsrules,yourcompanywilldevelopsustainably.
4.Yes,IfullyagreewithBillGates,"makingprofitsandalsoimprovinglivesforthosewhodon'tfullybenefitfrommarketforces".Becauseoflimitedopportunitiesandresources,somebusinessmencanseizethechancetomakeprofitsandberich.AsDengXiaopingputit,"Letsomepeopleberichfirst.HThesepeoplehavetheresponsibilitytoimprovelivesforthosewhodon'tfullybenefitfrommarketforces.Actuallybydoingso,thesocietywillbestabilized,hencethesuccessfulbusinessmencanhavesustainabledevelopment.
TheremightbesomedifficultiesinpracticingitinChinacurrently.BecausethephilanthropiccauseinChinaisnewlydeveloped.
Languagebuilding-up:
Task1:
1.
1.无形之手 2.自由企业制度 3.股东 4.经济体制
5.开发产品和服务 6.市场力量;市场调节作用 7.金融机构
8.严重衰退 9.破产 10.stockprice 11.mission
12.corporatemotto 13.assets 14.maximizeprofits 15.financialsystem
2.
1.marketforces 2.financialinstitutions 3.freeenterprisesystem
4. deepinstitutions 5.invisiblehand 6.stockholder
7.profitmaximization8.economicsystem
Task2:
1.and 2.Another3.also 4.Notonly;but 5.other
Task3:
1.understanding 2.agreewith 3.forces...tobeaccepted4.bad
5. purpose 6.charitable 7.given 8.famous
TextB:
Criticalreadingandthinking:
Task1:
earnareasonableprofit; profits; theimpactofbusinessdecisionsonsociety;
someoneelse'sjob; throughthetaxes;stockholders;
customers; employees,suppliers,andthegeneralpublic;
Task2:
omitted
Researching:
omitted
TextC:
Task:
regulations; ethicalguidelines; ethicalbehavior; Ethicsofficer;
Listening:
Task1:
1. havemorecontrol
2. giveemployeesandcustomersmorecontrol;collaborate;designsandproduct;pricingTask2:
l.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.T
Speaking:
Acodeofethicsisnecessaryforanorganization'ssustainabledevelopment.Togainefficientoperation,goodreputationandprofitmaximization,everyemployeehastheresponsibilitytobehaveethically.Itcanbeacceptedaslongasitisreasonableandrespectsemployees5humanrights.
Writing:
omitted
Unit3Psychology
TextA:
Lead-in:
Task:
(l)brainfunctioning
(2)theunconsciousmind
(3)mentalhealthproblems (4)Themajorityofpsychologists
(5)industrialandorganizational
Criticalreadingandthinking:
Task1:
1.
1. Thefathercallshernamebuthereyesdon'tmove.Thenhepicksupatoyandshakesit,ringingthebellitcontains.Still,thebaby'seyesdon'tmove.Thus,heconcludesthatshedoesn'tseemtorespondtonoiseatall,thatsheisdeaf.Hisworryisnot-groundedbecauseitisanewbornbabyandherattentiontosoundma