作文第一部分 写作授课要点.docx
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作文第一部分写作授课要点
作文
第一部分写作授课要点
短文写作总分20分。
短文写作部分要求考生写出一篇80字左右的短文。
题材以记叙文为主,试卷可能给出题目或规定情景或段首句。
短文写作的要求为:
能够正确表达思想,意义连贯,无重大语言错误。
写作内容涉及生活,一般常识和私人信件。
短文写作中的题目我们也可以称作命题写作。
情景写作也就是便条写作。
段首句式的写作可以称为主题句式的写作。
一、英语写作训练的要点
英语写作最重要的一点是用英语思维进行写作。
通病:
习惯于先把作文翻译成汉语,然后逐字翻译成英语。
在理解和使用英语词汇时,要注意英语和汉语在意义上的不同。
中文:
我得努力学习,要不我就要落后了。
错译:
Ishouldstudyhard,otherwiseIwouldbebackward.
正译:
Ishouldstudyhard,otherwiseIwouldlagbehind.
说明:
"backward"是形容词,意为落后的,向后的或缓慢的,(表示性质);"lagbehind"是动词词组,意为落后,落在后面(表示动作或行为)。
中文:
你不要学我样,你身体没有我好。
(指:
情况不一样。
)
错译:
Neverlearnfromme,sinceyouarenotsostrongasIam.
正译:
Don'tfollowmyexample,sinceyouarenotsostrongasIam.
说明:
"Learnfromsb."指"向某人学习",并不是"照我一样做"的意思。
中文:
由于时间关系,我就到此为止。
错译:
Duetothetime,Ishouldstophere.
正译:
Astimeisup(or:
limited),IamafraidIhavetostophere.
说明:
"dueto…"是"由于……之故"而导致某种结果的意思,本句用dueto不合逻辑。
accept和receive,permit和promise,callone'sname和callonebyname.
accept收到(接受)
receive收到(不一定接受)
permit允许别人做某事
promise允许为别人做某事
callone'sname骂某人
callonebyname叫某人的姓名
所以我们在从事英语写作训练的时候:
1.要明确英语写作的意义。
2.要学习和掌握必要的写作理论。
3.要通过大量的阅读,新概念第二册比较适合。
二、如何限题和写提纲
定题:
选择恰当的题目。
命题:
"Teaching"
过于笼统:
Teaching
仍较广泛:
TeachingNumberConcept
范围缩小:
TeachingNumberConcepttoChildren
范围明确:
TeachingNumberConcepttoChildrenatFive
命题"ChildBehaviour"
过于笼统:
ChildBehaviour
仍较广泛:
HowChildrenPlayTogether
范围缩小:
HowGirlsPlayTogether
范围明确:
PatternsofPlayAmongPrimarySchoolGirlStudents
写提纲的好处:
1.可以扩大思路
2.可以按次序排好素材
3.将文章分成段
4.明确写作的中心思想
"TheAdvantagesofTravel(旅行的益处。
)"
根据这一题目,在构思时可能会想到以下内容:
1.seeingstrangeanddifferentthings(看到各种奇异的东西)
2.meetingpeoplewithdifferentinterests(遇到有各种不同兴趣的人)
3.keepingusfitandhealthy(有助于身体健康)
4.enjoyingbeautifulscenery(欣赏各地美景)
5.understandinghowpeoplelive(了解人们怎样生活)
6.visitingfamouscitiesandscenicspots(浏览名城和名胜)
7.tastingdifferentfoodsandlocalflavours(品尝各地风味)
8.gettingideasoftheconditionsandcustomsofotherpeople(了解各地风土人情)
9.arousingtheferventloveforourmotherland(激起对祖国的热爱)
10.gainingknowledgeofgeographyandhistory(获得地理历史知识)
11.makingonelessnarrowminded(使人心胸开阔)
12.gainingotherknowledge(获得其他方面知识)
13.seeingplacesreadofinbooks(目睹曾在书上读到过的地方)
I.enjoyplacesofinterest
a.enjoybeautifulsceneryindifferentplaces(4)
b.seeplacesreadofinbooks(13)
c.visitfamouscitiesandscenicspots(6)
II.knowpeopleandtheircustoms
a.meetpeoplewithdifferentinterest
(2)
b.seestrangeanddifferentthings
(1)
c.getideasoftheconditionsandcustomsofotherpeople(8)
d.tastedifferentfoodsandlocalflavours(7)
e.understandhowpeopleliveindifferentways(5)
III.benefitusbothmentallyandphysically
a.gainknowledgeofgeographyandhistory(10)
b.gainotherknowledge(12)
c.arousetheferventloveforourmotherland(9)
d.keepushealthy(3)
e.makeonelessnarrowminded(11)
TheAdvantagesofTravel
Travelisbeneficialtousinatleastthreeways.
First,bytravelingwecanenjoythebeautifulsceneryindifferentplaces.Wewillseewithourowneyesmanyplacesreadofinbooks,andvisitsomefamouscitiesandscenicspots.
Second,wewillmeetpeoplewithdifferentinterestsandseestrangeanddifferentthingswhenwetravel.Wecangetideasoftheconditionsandcustomsofotherpeople,tastedifferentfoodsandlocalflavoursifwelike.Inthisway,wecanunderstandhowdifferentlyotherpeoplelive.
Third,travelwillnotonlyhelpustogainknowledgeofgeographyandhistoryandotherknowledge,whicharousestheferventloveforourmotherland,butwillalsohelpuskeephealthyandmakeuslessnarrow-minded.Traveldoesbenefitusbothmentallyandphysically.
Withalltheseadvantagesoftravel,itisnowonderthattravelhasnowbecomemorepopularthaneverinChina.
在写100字左右的作文,我们也强调三段论。
第一句话或第一段我们强调我们要写的内容,第二段找一些例子阐述一下。
第三段再次把我们强调的内容引申的说一下。
三、文章的三个部分
引言introduction
正文body
结束语conclusion
引言introduction
1.Whenyouarewaitinginfrontofatheatreoratthetrainterminals,youwillrealizehowimportantpunctualityis.Punctualityisreallyavirtue,especiallyinabusycitylikeShanghai.Perhapsifeverybodywerepunctual,therewouldbelesssufferingandsorrow.
正文body
2.Punctualityisthemainconstituentofgoodcharacter.Aperson,whoisalwaysintimeforhisappointment,showsrealconsiderationforothers.Ontheotherhand,apersonwhoisalwayslateshowshisselfishnessandthoughtlessnessandheisnotworthytobefriendwith.
constituent构成
selfishness自私
3.Somepeopleoftensaythattheycannotalwaysbepunctualsincetrafficissoheavythesedays.Ithinktrafficcongestioncannotbeanexcuseforbeinglate.Aseverybodyknowsthatwemightmeetanunexpectedcongestionontheroads,weshouldleaveabitearlierfortheappointmenttoensurethatwewouldnotbelate.
trafficcongestion交通堵塞
4.Somepeoplealwayshavealotofexcusesforcominglate.Whentheyfinallyarrive,theykeeponsayingsorrytotheirfriendsandthenexplain.Theexcuseisnotalwaystrafficcongestion,sometimestheycomplainthattheyhavemetafriendontheroadorhavehelpedablindmantocrosstheroad.Somealsoliketoblametheirwatches,theclocksathomeorintheoffice.Tosuchpeople,wecannothelpbutsaysorrythatwehavecometooearly.
keepondoingsth.一直做某事
5.Yetafterallsuchsmartfellowswillsoonfindthatgraduallytheirfriendsbecomefewerandfewer.Perhapsatthattime,theywouldrealizehowimportantpunctualityis.
结束语conclusion
6.Tobeornottobepunctualisahabit.Sowhenweareyoung,weshouldtrytobepunctualeverytimeandneverbelateforitismuchmoreeasilyacquiredinyouththanwhenweareolder.
ThepersonIshallneverforget
ThepersonIshallneverforgetisQingfengxiang.Sheisthebestfriendinmylife.
Sheoftenlistenstomewhenmymoodisbad.Moreover,sheusuallygivesmesomeadvicesifIneedhelp.Sometimes,shelendsmoneytomeifIwanttobuysomenewclothes.
IwillneverforgetherhelpeventhoughIalreadyleftWuhancity.Ithinkthatshewillbeoneofthemostimportantpersonduringmylife.Ihopethatthefriendshipofuswillkeepforever.
修改后
IwillneverforgetherhelpeventhoughIhavealreadyleftWuhancity.Ithinkthatshewillbeoneofthemostimportantpersonsinmylife.Ihopethatthefriendshipofuswillkeepforever.
修改后
SheoftenlistenstomewhenI'minabadmood.Moreover,sheusuallygivesmesomeadvicesifIneedhelp.Sometimes,shelendsmoneytomeifIwanttobuysomenewclothes.
WhyWeLearnEnglish
Englishisaninternationallanguagenow.EveryoneneedstoknowEnglish.
Whenwewillvisitagreatnumberofdifferentplacesintheword,weneedtotalkaboutlocalpersonwithEnglish.Weareinterestinginbooks,otherwisenowadaysmanyofthevaluablebooksarewritteninEnglishortranslatedintoEnglish.Weinordertogothroughones,soweshouldhaveagoodcommandofEnglish.
WeshouldtryourbesttolearntheEnglishlanguagewell.
修改后
Whenwevisitagreatnumberofdifferentplacesintheworld,weneedtotalkaboutalocalpersoninEnglish.NowadaysmanyofthevaluablebooksarewritteninEnglishortranslatedintoEnglish,soifweareinterestedinbooks,weshouldhaveagoodcommandofEnglish.
修改后
WeshouldtryourbesttolearnEnglishwell.
专升本英语作文考试中,语法一定要简明扼要,而且要正确。
四、如何开端和结尾
文章开端的常见写法
1.背景法:
说明事件发生的时间、地点、情景等背景。
如:
Iwasoncespendingthemonthof1982inasmallseasidevillageinthesouthofChina.Itisawonderfulplacequietandnotfashionable.Peopleusuallydonotgothere.
2.人物法:
交代文章所要描述的主要人物或有关人物。
如:
OnceuponatimetherewasanhonestoldfellownamedHans.Hehadakindheartandafunny,round,goodhumouredface.Helivedinatinycottageallalone,andeverydayheworkedinhisgarden.
alone独自一人
lonely孤独的
3.主题句法:
提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐明和论述的主题。
如:
Oneofthemostnotablephasesoftheindustrialrevolutionwastherapidgrowthofcities--theshiftingofpopulationfromruraldistrictstotheurbancenters.
rural乡村的unban城市的
4.问题法:
用提出问题的方法来引出文章的内容,以吸引读者的注意力。
如:
Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,chemistry,medicine,engineeringoranyotherscience?
5.惊语法:
用令人感到惊奇的句子开头,激起读者的兴趣。
如:
A39-storeyedbuildinginconstructioncollapsedinthecityyesterday.
6.故事法:
以讲述一段故事作为引子,在此基础上展开故事情节。
如:
Iwasspendingthenightinmyaunt'svillaonesummer.Thatnight,beingonastrangebedandfeelingexcitedpreventedmefromsleeping.Islippedoutofbedandwenttothebathroom.Suddenly,astrangenoisecomingfrombehindmademespinaround.
villa别墅
preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事
spinaround使人头晕目眩
7.数据法:
引用已经证实的某些统计数字来引起话题。
如:
Thefactthatlessthan5%oftheBritishpopulationgraduatefromuniversitiesmayseemsurprising,especiallywhencomparedwiththeAmericanpercentageofover30%
8.引语法:
摘录或引用某些名人的名言或常见的习语、谚语,作为文章的开端。
如:
Happinessisveryimportanttoourlife.Shakespearesaid,"Onewhoisunhappycannevergetabeneficialresult."
beimportantto
9.定义法:
常见于对标题下定义,然后通过举例,逻辑推理等方法加以详细说明。
如:
Atruegoodstudentisonewhopossessesgoodmorality,soundhealth,perfectknowledgeandvariousabilities.
morality道德品质
soundadj.健康的
对于不到100字的短文,我们通常用人物交代法、主题句法等。
文章结尾的常见写法
1.简要评价或作结论:
文章最后用几句话概括全文内容,并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者的观点。
如:
Inshort,wecansaythatsciencetohumanbeingsislikefoodtoourbodies.SciencefreesusfromthebondageofNature.Scienceitselfisinnocent,butsometimesmanhasmisusedit.
inshort简而言之
2.重复主题句:
回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上,达到再次肯定和强调的效果。
如:
Withtheforegoingthreepointsinmind,onemaybeatruegoodstudent.
3.用反问结尾:
虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,具有明显的强调作用,引起读者思考。
如:
Iftherewerenohomeworkonweeken