高中英语语法定语从句15页.docx
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高中英语语法定语从句15页
定语从句
[直击考纲]
1、掌握关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why引导的定语从句。
2、重点是限定性定语从句
3、知识图谱
①that/which/who/whom/whose等限定性关系代词引导
②when/where/why等关系副词引导
③介词+which引导
①which引导
非限定性②as引导
③when/where/who等引导
4、重点难点
①正确判断使用关系代词和关系副词。
②表示所有格的whose和ofwhich之间的转换。
③只能用that引导不能用which引导的定语从句以及只能用which不用that引导的定语从句的特点。
④“介词+which”引导的定语从句及其与关系副词引导的定语从句之间的转换。
⑤as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别。
⑥as引导的定语从句的常见句型。
⑦定语从句中谓语动词的数。
⑧限定性和非限定性定语从句的含义、结构差别。
⑨定语从句和其他易混淆句型的区别使用。
3、热点冷点
①关系代词前介词的使用。
②关系代词which和代词it的使用区别。
③定语从句和状语从句的区别,关系代词和关系副词的使用区别。
④定语从句和名词性从句之间(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)的区别。
⑤正确判断强调句中的定语从句,此类题目出现较少,应该加以注意。
【知识网络】
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句
代替人代替物 代替人或物
主语 Who which that
主语 Whom which that
宾语 Whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)
ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.
ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyTomasHardy.
Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.
ThisistheroomthatShakespearewasbornin.
2.关系代词的用法
(1)如果先行词是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which.例如:
Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.
(2)如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,mush,no,some,very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which,who,或whom.例如:
(3)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。
例如:
Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartinthe
election,mostofwhom、arewelleducated.
(4)which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。
在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与andthis相似,并可以指人。
例如:
Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.
(5)hat可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6)which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。
指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征。
品性或才能的人。
Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。
(7)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who.
(8)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that.例如:
Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.
(9)如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom,不用which.例如:
Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?
3.“介词+关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构
(1)“介词+关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等,关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that.
(2)fromwhere为“介词+关系副词”结构,但也可以引导定语从句。
例如:
Westoodatthetopofthehill,fromwherewecanseethetown…
(3)像listento,lookat,dependon,payattentionto,takecareof等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。
例如:
Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间。
地点或原因。
关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
2.that可引导定语从句表示时间。
地点或原因
That有时可以代替关系副词when,where或者why引导定语从句表示时间。
地点或原因,在that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词。
关系副词或that来引导。
非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。
2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
(1)弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语。
宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3.先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。
例如:
1)ThisisthearticlewrittenbyhimthatIspoketoyouabout……
2)Hewastheonlypersoninthiscountrywhowasinvited
四、as在定语从句中的用法
1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)as多与such或thesame连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
(2)as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which.例如:
Theelephant'snoseislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.
(3)thesame---that与thesame---as在意思上是不同的。
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面。
中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
例如:
(1)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
(2)Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.
3.as,which的比较
1).在非限制性定语从句中,均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语.如从句在主句之后,两者皆可用
Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.
Sheseemsascientist,as/whichinfactsheis.
Grammarisnotasetofdeadrules,which/asIhavesaidbefore.
2).如从句在主句之前,用as
Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthiswar.
Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.
3).如关系代词代表主句全句意思,有“正如...”“就象...”之意时,用as
Wewonthematch,aswehadexpected.
Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.
4).当先行项被thesame,such,so修饰时,用as
Thisisthesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.同类书(比较:
Thisisthe
samebookthatyouboughtyesterday.同一本书)
Don’tbelieveinsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.
Inevergivemystudentssodifficultaquestionasnoonecanworkout.
5).当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用,则用which
Theyoungmancheatedhisfriendoutofmuchmoney,whichwasdisgraced.
6).as也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,用来指待一件事,这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。
HeisanAmerican,as/whichweknowfromhisaccent.
Asweknowfromhisaccent,heisanAmerican.
He,asweknowfromhisaccent,isanAmerican.
Ashasbeensaidabove,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.
Grammar,ashasbeensaidabove,isnotasetofrules.
Grammarisnotasetofdeadrules,as/whichhasbeensaidabove.
正如:
Aseveryoneknows,asyoumaystillremember,asyousaid,asIcansee,ashasbeenmentionedabove,asyoumayhaveheard,andetc.
单项选择(定语从句)
1.InEnglish,wordsarenotalwaysspelled_____theysound.
A.justsameB.thesameasC.thewayD.bytheway
2.Haveyouseenthefilm“Titanic”,_____leadingactorisworldfamous?
A.itsB.it’sC.whoseD.which
3._____isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.
A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What
4.I’mluckyenoughtofindthesameknife_____Ilostyesterday.
A.whichB.whatC.likeD.as
5.Alloftheflowersnowraisedherehavedevelopedfromthose_____intheforest.
A.oncetheygrewB.theygrewonceC.thatoncegrewD.oncegrew
6.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
A.UntilB.thatC.whenD.where
7.Informationhasbeenputforward_____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.
A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as
8.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesefootballfansthisyear,_____forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.
A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when
9.----Isthatthesmalltownyouoftenreferto?
----Right,justtheone_____youknowIusedtoworkforyears.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.what
10.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,_____ofgreatimportancetoscience.
A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitD.Ithinkwhichis
11.Frank’sdreamwastohavehisownshop____toproducetheworkingsofhisownhands.
A.thatB.inwhichC.bywhichD.how
12.Thatwastheonlygate_____wecouldrushoutandsavethose_____wereingreatdanger.
A.that;whichB.which;whoC.throughwhich;whoD.atwhich;who
13.CarlsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_____personallyIdoubtverymuch.
A.itB.thatC.whenD.which
14.Theschoolthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs_____theyarebeingtrained.
A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich
15.Hesaid_____hissisterhadpassedtheentranceexaminationofcollege,and_____shewouldgotocollegeinabout20days.
A.that;/B.that;thatC./;/D.that;which
16.This“designer”salmon(鲑)growstoamarketablesizein_____naturalsalmonsgrow.
A.thehalftimeB.halfthetimeC.thetimehalfD.halftimethe
17.Thefamousbasketballstar,_____triedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who
18._____isknowntousallisthatAmericaisadevelopedcountry_____theFirstWorld.
A.Which;belongedtoB.As;belongedtoC.What;belongingtoD.It,belongingto
19.Thisisthethirdtime_____here.
A.IhadbeenB.IwasC.IhavebeenD.Iwillbe
20.TheseancientIndiansusedtolivein_____isnowapartoftheUnitedStates.
A.whereB.theplaceC.whichD.what
21.Isthereagasstationaround_____Icangetsomepetrol?
A.whichB.whatC.whereD.that
22.Ihavemanyfriends,_____somearebusinessmen.
A.ofthemB.fromwhomC.whoofD.ofwhom
23.Thecaptainstoodbythewindow,_____hecouldseethetopofthetower.
A.whereB.fromwhichC.fromwhereD.which
24.“Keepone’sword”meansyoudo_____youhavetoldsomeone_____youwoulddo.
A.that;thatB.that;whatC.what;thatD.what;what
25.Thecostofsalesmakesupalargepartofthepricesthat_____.
A.arepaidforallproductsB.allproductsarepaid
C.forwhichallproductsarepaidD.forallproductspaid
26.----Isithightimethatwe_____ontheschoolbuilding?
----Yes,it_____.
A.dosomerepairs;isB.dosomerepair;isC.didsomerepairs;isD.didsomerepair;was
27.Thisistheveryknife_____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.
A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhich
28.Therearetwosmallroomsinthehouse,_____servesasakitchen
A.thesmallerofwhichB.thesmallestofwhichC.thesmallerofthemD.thesmallerone
29.Isthiswatch_____youwishtohave_____?
A.theone;itrepairedB.that;repaireditC.theone;repairedD.which;repairedit
30.Iwanttobuyapianoofhighquality,_____Icanpractiseoneveryafternoon.
A.thatB.sothatC.whatD.one
31.Heismyfather,_____abetterfatherdoesnotexist.
A.butB.thanwhomC.thanwhoD.againstwhom
32._____,theweatherturnedouttobeveryhotthatday.
A.ItwassaidinthenewspaperB.Aswasreportedontheradio
C.JustliketheweatherreportsaysD.Itsohappenedasyoutoldme
33.TheplaywentalongwelluntilthemiddleofActⅡ,_____theexcitementbegan.
A.soB.butC.whenD.which
34.Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything_____goingonintheworld.
A.itisB.asisC.thereisD.whatis
35._____couldbejudgedfromwhathehadsaid,hefeltterriblysorryforwhathehaddone.
A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.It
36.Amostfunnyfilm_____I’veeverseenis“Moderntimes”.
A.whatB.whichC./D.BandC
37.Thepol