英语语言学试卷精粹12套题.doc

英语语言学试卷精粹12套题.doc

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第一部分 选择题

1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesfor"correct"linguisticbehavior,

itissaidtobe___.

 A、prescriptive

 B、sociolinguistic

 C、descriptive

 D、psycholinguistic 

2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.

 A、mouth

 B、lips

 C、tongue

 D、vocalcords 

3、Themorpheme"vision"inthecommonword"television"isa（n）___.

 A、boundmorpheme

 B、boundform

 C、inflectionalmorpheme

 D、freemorpheme 

4、A___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthat

introducestheembeddedclause.

 A、coordinator

 B、particle

 C、preposition

 D、subordinator主从连词 

5、"CanIborrowyourbike?

"___"Youhaveabike."

 A、issynonymouswith

 B、isinconsistentwith

 C、entails

 D、presupposes  

6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.

 A、semantics

 B、pragmatics

 C、sociolinguistics

 D、psycholinguistics

7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare___orgeneralization泛化.

 A、elaboration

 B、simplification精简

 C、externalborrowing

 D、internalborrowing

8、___referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.

 A、Linguafranca通用语

 B、Creole

 C、Pidgin

 D、Standardlanguage标准语言

9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,___.

 A、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrus角回

 B、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortex

 C、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneurons

 D、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea

10、AccordingtoKrashen,___referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.

 A、learning

 B、competence

 C、performance

 D、acquisition

第二部分 非选择题

11、Chomskydefines"competence"astheidealuser'sk  oftherulesofhislanguage.

12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb  .

13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.

14、As  isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.

15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledc  synonyms.

16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakerto

something'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.

17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc  .

18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction（he+is→he's）,BlackEnglishcand  theformof"be".

19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthec  periodforfirstlanguageacquisition.

20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,i  isaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.

III.Directions:

trueorfalse.explainwhyyou

thinksoandgivethecorrectversion.

（）21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.

（）22、Voicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginboth

ChineseandEnglish.

（）23、Thecompoundword"bookstore"istheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.

（）24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences（S）andclauses（C）only. 

（）25、Dialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialects

suchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.

（）26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.

（）27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesaremainlyspokentodayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.

（）28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.

（）29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.

（）30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.

IV.Directions:

Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesfor

illustration.（3%×10=30%）

31、duality

32、diachroniclinguistics

33、broadtranscription

34、morphologicalrules

35、phrasestructurerule

36、relationalopposites

37、componentialanalysis

38、context

39、euphemism

40、brainlateralization

V.Answerthefollowingquestions.（10%×2=20%）

41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesin

Englishforillustration.

42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhichaffecttheacquisitionofasecondlanguage.

英语语言学试题

（2）

一、单项选择题

1.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are___.（   ）

 A.gradableopposites      B.relationalopposites

 C.co-hyponyms          D.synonyms

2.ThediscoveryofIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilybeganwiththeworkoftheBritishscholar  .（   ）

 A.JacobGrimm   B.RasmusRask

 C.FranzBopp   D.SirWilliamJones

3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas__.（   ）

 A.unusual     B.somethingtobefeared

 C.abnormal    D.natural

4.__producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.（   ）

 A.Broca'saphasic   B.Thelinguisticdeprivation

 C.Thedamageontheangulargyrus

D.Wernicke'saphasic

5.SomeSouthernlearnersofEnglishinChinatendtosay“night”as“light”.Thisshows:

  .（   ）

 A.Theycannotpronounce/n/   

 B.Interlangueinterferencebecausethereisnotthesound/n/intheirmothertongue

 C.Theteachersdonothaveagoodteachingmethod

 D.Theydonotliketopronouncenasalsounds

6.Awordwithseveralmeaningsiscalled__word.（   ）

 A.apolysemous  B.asynonymous

C.anabnormal  D.amultiple

7.Thefunctionofthesentence“Aniceday,isn'tit?

”is__.（   ）

 A.informative B.phatic  C.directive  D.performative

8.ThemostrecognizabledifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharein__andvocabulary.（   ）

 A.usage   B.grammar  C.pronunciation  D.structure

9.__dealswiththewayinwhichalanguagevariesthroughgeographicalspace.（   ）

 A.Linguisticgeography   B.Lexicology

 C.Lexicography       D.Sociolinguistics

10.Thesemanticcomponentsoftheword“gentleman”canbeexpressedas__.（   ）

 A.+animate,+male,+human,-adult

 B.+animate,+male,+human,+adult

 C.+animate,-male,+human,-adult

 D.+animate,-male,+human,+adult

二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）

11.Asentenceisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofw________toformacompletestatement,q________orcommand.

12.Insociolinguisticstudies,speakersaretreatedasmembersofs__g________.

13.Utteranceisbasedon________ ________;itis therealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.

14.Tomanypeople,alinguististhesameasa________,onewhocanspeakseverallanguagesfluently.

15.Consonantsoundscanbeeither v________orv__,whileallvowelsoundsarev________.

三、判断说明题

16.Allwordsmaybesaidtocontainarootmorpheme.（   ）

17.Tenseandreferencearetwotermsoftenencounteredinthestudyofmeaning.（   ）

18.Linguisticsisthecourseoflanguage.（   ）

19.Thepartofasentencewhichcompriesecomprisesaninfiniteverboraverbphraseisgrammaticallycalledpredicate.（   ）

20.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.（   ）

21.Thetermdialect,asatechnicalterminlinguistics,carriesvaluejudgementandnotsimplyreferstoadistinctformoflanguage.（   ）

22.Morphologyistranslatedas形态学。

（   ）

23.Theword“photographically”ismadeupof4morphemes.（   ）

24.Thesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguageisallomorph.（   ）

25.Semanticsisthemainpartoflinguistics.（   ）

四、名词解释（每小题3分，共30分）

26.generallinguistics

27.suprasegmentalfeatures

28.rootandstem

29.hierarchicalstructure

30.namingtheoryandconceptualistview

31.maximsofqualityandmanner

32.blending

33.sociolect

34.subvocalspeech

35.contrastiveanalysis

五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）

36.Paraphraseeachofthefollowingsentencesintwodifferentwaystoshowthesyntacticrulesaccountfortheambiguityofsentences.

（1）Theshootingofthehuntersmightbeterrible.

（2）Hesawyoungmenandwomenpresent.

 （3）Theyweresurprisedatthepresident'sappointment.

37.Decidethemeaningofthefollowingaffixesandgiveeachaffixtwoexamples.

re-

 un-

 anti-

 super-

 -wise

 -itis

 -ize

 -age

英语语言学试题（3）

第一部分 选择题

Ⅰ.Directions:

1.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthesameobjectisgoodproofthathumanlanguageis______.

 A.arbitrary             B.non-arbitrary

 C.logical              D.non-productive

2.AllthebackvowelsinEnglisharepronouncedwithrounded-lips,i.e.rounded,EXCEPT______.

3.Thelevelofsyntacticrepresentationthatexistsbeforemovementtakesplace