英国文学选读--复习资料-罗经国Word格式文档下载.doc
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9.Alongepicpoetry长篇叙事诗<
Beowulf>
A.theearliestheroicpoetry
B.themostsignificantpoetry
C.existedinoralformasearlyasthe6thcentury
D.BeowulfisamixtureofpaganismandChristianelements
10.DifferencebetweenOldEngpoetry,laterpoetryistechnicalstructure
11.TherearetwopoeticfeaturesofOldEnglishpoetry:
alliterationandkenning.
Chapter2
1.流行Romance主要写Knights
2.DukeWilliamofNormandy.TheNormanConquestin1066acceleratedthedevelopmentoffeudalism封建主义inENG
3.CategoriesofRomances:
ThematterofErance,thematterofRome,thematterofBritain
4.MiddleENG:
A.wordsthatarerelatedwithenjoymentandpleasureareusuallyoftheFrenchorigin
B.manyinflectionalformofwordsweredropped
C.formalgrammarsimplified
5.MedievalRomance（SubjectMatters）
A.matterofFrench（CharlemagnetheGreat,Roland,<
ChansondeRoland>
）
B.matterofRome（AlexandertheGreat,ThesiegeofTroy）
C.BritaintheArthurianLegend
BySirGawain,Launcelot,Marlin,thequestforHolyGrail,theDeathofKingArthur.
Chapter3AgeofChaucer
1.TheHundreds’YearsWarisanawakeningofnationalConsciousnessinENG,theFrenchheroineJoanofArc贞德
2.GeoffreyChaucer（BuriedinthePoets’ConnerinWestminsterAbbey）
A.FatherofEngpoetry
B.TheworkofGeoffreyChaucer
influencedbyFrenchliterature<
TheBookoftheDuchess>
influencedbyBoccaccio<
TraviusandCryseyde>
<
TheCanterburyTales>
坎特伯雷故事集
Thegeneralprologue总序isthebestpartofit.
3.thesignificancesof<
TheCanterburyTales>
A.GivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime
B.Thedramaticstructureofthepoemhasbeenhighlycommended高度赞赏bycritics
C.GeoffreyChaucer’shumor
D.Chaucer’scontributiontoENGlanguage
E.PerhapsthegreatestworkinMiddleEnglish
4.JohnWycliff
A.fatherofENGprose
B.oneofthefirstfigureswhodemandedtoreformchurch
C.theonetranslateBibleintostandardENG
5.WilliamLangland<
SirGawain>
<
GreenKnights>
<
TheVisionofPiersPlowman>
Chapter4
1.mainevents
A.ThewaroftheRose,thethirtyYearsWar（thehouseofLancaster/Red,thehouseofYork）
B.ThediscoveryofAmericanandthenewsearoutes
C.Reformationofchurch.HenryⅧfoundtheAnglicanChurch,breakawayfromthechurchofRome.
2.Ballad:
anarrativepoemthattellsastory
3.CharactersofBallads
A.thebeginningisoftenabrupt
B.havestrongdramaticelements
C.thestoryistoldthroughdialogueandaction
D.thethemeisoftentragic
E.themeter格律isused（containsfour-linestanzas,theoddnumberedline奇数fourfeet,theevennumberedline偶数threefeet.Rhymesfallontheevennumberedlines.）
4.Ballads
A.<
RobinHood>
AlegendaryherolivingduringthereignofRichardtheLionHeated金雀花王朝
B.<
TheDeathofKingArthur>
BySirThomasMalloryprefectthekingArthur
5.EarlyENGPlays（the14th）developedinto（mysteryPlays神秘剧，miracleplays奇迹剧）
6.Theflourishingofdrama
thereason:
nootherentertainment,bothrichandpoorcangotothere
Chapter5
英国文学史上三次高潮15thENGRenaissance—19th上Romantic—19th下Victoria
1.TheBackground
QueenElizabeth,defeattheSpanishArmada无敌舰队,mightynavalpower强有力的海军.
2.Humanism人文主义Rebirth（文艺复兴的时代精神）
HumanismRenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”inENG
3.人文主义的解释及价值观
AccordingtotheHumanistscholarsitwasagainsthumannaturetosacrificethehappinessofthelifeforanafterlife.Theyarguedthatmanshouldbegivenfullfreedomtoenrichtheirintellectualandemotionallife.Inreligiontheydemandedthereformationofthechurch,Inartandliteration,insteadofhappinessinhislife.Humanismshatteredtheshacklesofspiritualbondageofman’smindbytheRomancatholicchurchandopenedhiseyesto“abravenewworld”infrontofhim.
4.EdmundSpenser<
TheFaerieQueen>
5.TheUniversityWits
A.RobertGreene
B.ThomasKyd<
TheSpanishTragedy>
C.ChristopherMarlowe<
ThetragicHistoryofDoctorFaustus>
TheblankVerse无韵诗Unrhymediambicpentameter
6.WilliamShakespeare
A.发展
Earlyyearsofhisapprenticeship学徒期
Growthanddevelopment
gloomanddepression
restoredserenity
B.achievement
representedthetrendofhistoryingivingwritetothedesiresandaspirationofpeople
S’humanism:
Hehadfirmbeliefinthemobilityofhumannatureandinthepoweroflove
S’characterization,S’charactersareround丰满的而非flatter扁平
originality
asagreatpoetinsonnets
masteroftheEnglanguage
7.FourTragedy:
Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,TheTragedyofMacbeth
8.Sonnets（Italy/Petrarch’s—thefirstone,S’s）
A.definitionAshortsongintheoriginalmeaningofthewordbecomeapoetof14lines.Usuallyiniambicpentameter抑扬格五音步withvariousrhymingschemes.
B.Sonnet,3quatrains,1couplet（Shakespeare’s<
Mr.W.H>
DarkLady>
9.S’ssonnetsaredifferentfromPetrach’s.
Petrach’ssonnetsisdividedintoanoctave（八音）whichtypicallyrhymesabbaabba,andasestet,whichmayhavevaryingrhymeschemes.
Shakespeare’ssonnets（Englishsonnets）consistsof3quatrainsand1couplet,whichtypicallyrhymeababcdcdefefgg.endswithasurprisedconclusionorashiftofideas.
Petrachabbaabba/cdecde
Shakespeareababcdcdefef/gg
10.Hamlet—Humanist（melancholy忧郁procrastination优柔寡断）
Chapter6
FromAgeofElizabethtoGloriousRevolution
1.Background（theENGbourgeoisrevolution资产阶级革命，农民与贵族阶级，Anglicanchurch与PuritanicalChurch）
2.GloriousRevolution1688
In1688,Williamsigned<
TheBillofRights>
presentedbyParliament,whichgreatlyrestrictedthepowerofEnglishKinghencefourENGLANDhasbecomeacountryofconstitutionalmonarchy.君主立宪制
3.TheKingJamesBibleof1611
OldTestamentinHebrews
NewTestamentinGreek
TheearliestEnglishtranslationsoftheBibledatebacktoCaedmon,BadeandKingAlfred.
4.FrancisBacon.PraisedbyMarxas“thepioneerofEngMaterialism唯心主义”
5.<
OfStudies>
目的：
Studiesservefordelight,forornament,forability.
功效：
Historymakemanwise;
poetrywitly;
mathematicssubtitle;
naturalphilosophydeep;
moralgrave;
logicandrhetoricabletocontend.
方法：
Booksareabletobetasked,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.
6.玄学派特点（MetaphysicalPoets）JohnDonne
MetaphysicalPoetsdescribeaschoolofhighlyintellectualpoetrymarkedbyholdandingeniousconceits（奇思妙喻）incongruousimagery.Complexityofthought,frequentuseofParadox,andoftenbydeliberateharshnessorrigidityofexpression.
7.MainthemeofMetaphysicalPoets:
love,deathandreligion
MainthemeofCavalier（骑士派）：
CarpeDiem及时行乐
8.Cavalier:
Carpediem<
ＡValediction：
forbiddingmourning>
Abreach,butanexpansion
Likegoldtoairythinnessbeat
Iftheybetwo,theyaretwoso.
Asstifftwincompassesaretwo.
THEME,他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱。
9.JohnMilton（PuritanWriter）<
ParadiseLost>
10.<
A.Milton’smasterpieceandoneofthegreatestpoemsinworldliterate.
B.Satan,themostimpressivecharacterBettertoreigninHellthanServeinHeaven
C.Meaning:
rebellionspirits叛逆精神
defianceofauthority对权威的藐视
excessivepride极端自负
11.JohnBunyan（Puritan）<
ThePilgrim’sprogress>
天路历程iswrittenintheoldfashionedmedievalformofallegoryanddrama.
Chapter7
1.GloriousRevolution
2.TwoParliaments:
TheTory&
TheWhig
3.Thecharactersofneo-classicism
Official
A.Peopleemphasizedreason理智ratherthanemotion,formratherthancontent
B.Asreasonwasstressed,mostofthewritingsoftheageweredidactic说教性andsatirical讽刺
C.Aselegance优雅性correctness正确性appropriateness恰当性andrestraint节制性werepreferred,thepoetfoundclosedcouplettheonlypossibleverseformforseriouswork.
D.It’salmostexclusivelya“town”poetrycateringtotheinterestsofthe“society”ingreatcities.
E.Itisentirelywantinginalltheseelementsthatarerelatedwiththe“romantic”
Civilian
A.Emphasizedreasonratherthanemotion,formratherthanContent
B.Didacticandsatirical
C.Thepoetfoundclosedcouplettheonlyforserious
D.Townpoetryshownoloveofnature,landscapeorcountrythings
E.LackofallRomanticElements
4．GeoffreyChaucer,firstusecouplet—Pope
5.Classicisms,adrama,3unities:
action,place,time
6.DanielDefoe,knowasapioneernovelistofENG
Robinson>
isbasedonarealincident.
MollFlanders>
alowlywomenasthesubjectofliteraturewhoforherfirsttimehascommittedtheftandrobbery.
7.JonathanSwift<
Gulliver’sTravels>
8.JosephAddison&
RichardSteele,periodicalessays期刊写作.2
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