英国文学选读复习资料罗经国.docx

英国文学选读复习资料罗经国.docx

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英国文学选读复习资料罗经国

英国文学选读--复习资料-罗经国

Chapter1

1.Earliestsettlers---Celts

2.55B.C.TO407A.D.---RomanEmpire（Londonwasfounded）

3.演变Celts-Romans–Anglo-Saxon–English

4.JuliusCaesar,thefirstgeneralcametoBritish

5.500A.D.THEfounderofthekingdomwessex,theCeltsKingArthur.

Hisfollowers,whowereknowastheknightsoftheroundtable,fightfortheirkingdomagainsttheASinvaders.

6.9thcentury,KingAlfred,thegreatofWessexleadtheASkingstodefeattheinvadersbyunitingtheirforces.

7.theNormanConquest

1066,DuckofNormandycamefromNormandytoattackEnglandtogetsthelandpromisetobegiventohimforprotectingfromtheDanesinvasionbyEdwardⅡ.AndNormandybeattheHaroldattheHesting.

8.TwohighlightinthedevelopmentofASliterature

A.NorthumrianSchool

thefirstASpoet---Caedmon

TheearliestEnglishpoet.AccordingtoBede,hewasanelderlyherdsmanwhoreceivedthepowerofsonginavision.

VernerableBede,AmonkwriteinLainFatherofEnglishHistory

B.thereignofAlfredContribution

translateanumberofLatinbooksintoWestSaxondialect

createdastyleofAnglo-SaxonProse

9.Alongepicpoetry长篇叙事诗

A.theearliestheroicpoetry

B.themostsignificantpoetry

C.existedinoralformasearlyasthe6thcentury

D.BeowulfisamixtureofpaganismandChristianelements

10.DifferencebetweenOldEngpoetry,laterpoetryistechnicalstructure

11.TherearetwopoeticfeaturesofOldEnglishpoetry:

alliterationandkenning.

Chapter2

1.流行Romance主要写Knights

2.DukeWilliamofNormandy.TheNormanConquestin1066acceleratedthedevelopmentoffeudalism封建主义inENG

3.CategoriesofRomances:

ThematterofErance,thematterofRome,thematterofBritain

4.MiddleENG:

A.wordsthatarerelatedwithenjoymentandpleasureareusuallyoftheFrenchorigin

B.manyinflectionalformofwordsweredropped

C.formalgrammarsimplified

5.MedievalRomance（SubjectMatters）

A.matterofFrench（CharlemagnetheGreat,Roland,）

B.matterofRome（AlexandertheGreat,ThesiegeofTroy）

C.BritaintheArthurianLegend

BySirGawain,Launcelot,Marlin,thequestforHolyGrail,theDeathofKingArthur.

Chapter3AgeofChaucer

1.TheHundreds’YearsWarisanawakeningofnationalConsciousnessinENG,theFrenchheroineJoanofArc贞德

2.GeoffreyChaucer（BuriedinthePoets’ConnerinWestminsterAbbey）

A.FatherofEngpoetry

B.TheworkofGeoffreyChaucer

influencedbyFrenchliterature

influencedbyBoccaccio

坎特伯雷故事集

Thegeneralprologue总序isthebestpartofit.

3.thesignificancesof

A.GivesacomprehensivepictureofChaucer’stime

B.Thedramaticstructureofthepoemhasbeenhighlycommended高度赞赏bycritics

C.GeoffreyChaucer’shumor

D.Chaucer’scontributiontoENGlanguage

E.PerhapsthegreatestworkinMiddleEnglish

4.JohnWycliff

A.fatherofENGprose

B.oneofthefirstfigureswhodemandedtoreformchurch

C.theonetranslateBibleintostandardENG

5.WilliamLangland

Chapter4

1.mainevents

A.ThewaroftheRose,thethirtyYearsWar（thehouseofLancaster/Red,thehouseofYork）

B.ThediscoveryofAmericanandthenewsearoutes

C.Reformationofchurch.HenryⅧfoundtheAnglicanChurch,breakawayfromthechurchofRome.

2.Ballad:

anarrativepoemthattellsastory

3.CharactersofBallads

A.thebeginningisoftenabrupt

B.havestrongdramaticelements

C.thestoryistoldthroughdialogueandaction

D.thethemeisoftentragic

E.themeter格律isused（containsfour-linestanzas,theoddnumberedline奇数fourfeet,theevennumberedline偶数threefeet.Rhymesfallontheevennumberedlines.）

4.Ballads

A.AlegendaryherolivingduringthereignofRichardtheLionHeated金雀花王朝

B.BySirThomasMalloryprefectthekingArthur

5.EarlyENGPlays（the14th）developedinto（mysteryPlays神秘剧，miracleplays奇迹剧）

6.Theflourishingofdrama

thereason:

nootherentertainment,bothrichandpoorcangotothere

Chapter5

英国文学史上三次高潮15thENGRenaissance—19th上Romantic—19th下Victoria

1.TheBackground

QueenElizabeth,defeattheSpanishArmada无敌舰队,mightynavalpower强有力的海军.

2.Humanism人文主义Rebirth（文艺复兴的时代精神）

HumanismRenaissanceisaFrenchwordwhichmeans“rebirth”inENG

3.人文主义的解释及价值观

AccordingtotheHumanistscholarsitwasagainsthumannatureto

sacrificethehappinessofthelifeforanafterlife.Theyarguedthat

manshouldbegivenfullfreedomtoenrichtheirintellectualandemotionallife.Inreligiontheydemandedthereformationofthechurch,Inartandliteration,insteadofhappinessinhislife.Humanismshatteredtheshacklesofspiritualbondageofman’smindbytheRomancatholicchurchandopenedhiseyesto“abravenewworld”infrontofhim.

4.EdmundSpenser

5.TheUniversityWits

A.RobertGreene

B.ThomasKyd

C.ChristopherMarloweTheblankVerse无韵诗Unrhymediambicpentameter

6.WilliamShakespeare

A.发展

Earlyyearsofhisapprenticeship学徒期

Growthanddevelopment

gloomanddepression

restoredserenity

B.achievement

representedthetrendofhistoryingivingwritetothedesiresandaspirationofpeople

S’humanism:

Hehadfirmbeliefinthemobilityofhumannatureandinthepoweroflove

S’characterization,S’charactersareround丰满的而非flatter扁平

originality

asagreatpoetinsonnets

masteroftheEnglanguage

7.FourTragedy:

Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,TheTragedyofMacbeth

8.Sonnets（Italy/Petrarch’s—thefirstone,S’s）

A.definitionAshortsongintheoriginalmeaningofthewordbecomeapoetof14lines.Usuallyiniambicpentameter抑扬格五音步withvariousrhymingschemes.

B.Sonnet,3quatrains,1couplet（Shakespeare’s）

9.S’ssonnetsaredifferentfromPetrach’s.

Petrach’ssonnetsisdividedintoanoctave（八音）whichtypicallyrhymesabbaabba,andasestet,whichmayhavevaryingrhymeschemes.

Shakespeare’ssonnets（Englishsonnets）consistsof3quatrainsand1couplet,whichtypicallyrhymeababcdcdefefgg.endswithasurprisedconclusionorashiftofideas.

Petrachabbaabba/cdecde

Shakespeareababcdcdefef/gg

10.Hamlet—Humanist（melancholy忧郁procrastination优柔寡断）

Chapter6

FromAgeofElizabethtoGloriousRevolution

1.Background（theENGbourgeoisrevolution资产阶级革命，农民与贵族阶级，Anglicanchurch与PuritanicalChurch）

2.GloriousRevolution1688

In1688,WilliamsignedpresentedbyParliament,whichgreatlyrestrictedthepowerofEnglishKinghencefourENGLANDhasbecomeacountryofconstitutionalmonarchy.君主立宪制

3.TheKingJamesBibleof1611

OldTestamentinHebrews

NewTestamentinGreek

TheearliestEnglishtranslationsoftheBibledatebacktoCaedmon,BadeandKingAlfred.

4.FrancisBacon.PraisedbyMarxas“thepioneerofEngMaterialism唯心主义”

5.

目的：

Studiesservefordelight,forornament,forability.

功效：

Historymakemanwise;poetrywitly;mathematicssubtitle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.

方法：

Booksareabletobetasked,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.

6.玄学派特点（MetaphysicalPoets）JohnDonne

MetaphysicalPoetsdescribeaschoolofhighlyintellectualpoetrymarkedbyholdandingeniousconceits（奇思妙喻）incongruousimagery.Complexityofthought,frequentuseofParadox,andoftenbydeliberateharshnessorrigidityofexpression.

7.MainthemeofMetaphysicalPoets:

love,deathandreligion

MainthemeofCavalier（骑士派）：

CarpeDiem及时行乐

8.Cavalier:

Carpediem<ＡValediction：

forbiddingmourning>

Abreach,butanexpansion

Likegoldtoairythinnessbeat

Iftheybetwo,theyaretwoso.

Asstifftwincompassesaretwo.

THEME,他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱。

9.JohnMilton（PuritanWriter）

10.

A.Milton’smasterpieceandoneofthegreatestpoemsinworldliterate.

B.Satan,themostimpressivecharacterBettertoreigninHellthanServeinHeaven

C.Meaning:

rebellionspirits叛逆精神

defianceofauthority对权威的藐视

excessivepride极端自负

11.JohnBunyan（Puritan）天路历程iswrittenintheoldfashionedmedievalformofallegoryanddrama.

Chapter7

1.GloriousRevolution

2.TwoParliaments:

TheTory&TheWhig

3.Thecharactersofneo-classicism

Official

A.Peopleemphasizedreason理智ratherthanemotion,formratherthancontent

B.Asreasonwasstressed,mostofthewritingsoftheageweredidactic说教性andsatirical讽刺

C.Aselegance优雅性correctness正确性appropriateness恰当性andrestraint节制性werepreferred,thepoetfoundclosedcouplettheonlypossibleverseformforseriouswork.

D.It’salmostexclusivelya“town”poetrycateringtotheinterestsofthe“society”ingreatcities.

E.Itisentirelywantinginalltheseelementsthatarerelatedwiththe“romantic”

Civilian

A.Emphasizedreasonratherthanemotion,formratherthanContent

B.Didacticandsatirical

C.Thepoetfoundclosedcouplettheonlyforserious

D.Townpoetryshownoloveofnature,landscapeorcountrythings

E.LackofallRomanticElements

4．GeoffreyChaucer,firstusecouplet—Pope

5.Classicisms,adrama,3unities:

action,place,time

6.DanielDefoe,knowasapioneernovelistofENG

isbasedonarealincident.

alowlywomenasthesubjectofliteraturewhoforherfirsttimehascommittedtheftandrobbery.

7.JonathanSwift

8.JosephAddison&Richa