江苏专用版高考英语复习限时组合练限时训练九Word下载.docx

江苏专用版高考英语复习限时组合练限时训练九Word下载.docx

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Thebookmarketsufferedduringtheeconomydeclinesandtheemergenceofnewe-readers，suchastheAmazonKindle，waspullingmorecustomersawayfromthehighstreet.

A&

NNwillpayforWaterstone’sintwoparts，oneof￡40millionandoneof￡13million.ThedealwillonlycompleteifHMVcanrenegotiateitsbankfacilities，thoughHMVsaysthebanksaresupportiveofthesale.Pensiontrusteesandthepensionsregulatoralsohavetoapprove.

HMVchiefexecutiveSimonFoxsaidA&

NNwouldbeagoodhomeforWaterstone’s，whilethesalewillreduceborrowingsandenableHMVtofocusonplansfortransformingthebusinessintoabroad-basedentertainmentbusiness.

NNwillappointJamesDauntasmanagingdirectorofWaterstone’soncethedealcompletes.MrDauntcurrentlyrunsDauntBooks，asmallchainofLondon-basedbookshopshefoundedin1990.

Waterstone’sfounderTimWaterstoneopenedhisfirststorein1982atatimewhenfellowbookloverswerepresentedwithfewoptionsonthehighstreet.ThetopbooksellerwasWHSmith，MrWaterstone’sformeremployerofeightyearsbeforehewasdismissed，whichhefeltwasfailingtogointoabroadmarketofliteraturefans.

ThefirststorewasopenedinOldBromptonRoad，andtheformerbanker’sintuitionwascorrectasthechainwentfromstrengthtostrength.

MrWaterstone，whohaswrittenfournovels，sawarecoveryinthemarketdrivenbydemandfortheworksofanewwaveofliterarystarsincludingSalmanRushdie，IanMcEwan，JohnBanvilleandMartinAmis.Havingfoundedthefirmwithhis￡6,000，MrWaterstonesoldthechaintohisformeremployerWHSmithin1993for￡47million.

语篇解读　本文讲述了连锁书店Waterstone’s的变迁。

1.Accordingtothepassage，whoisthemostlikelytobethemanagingdirectorofWaterstone’sinthenearfuture?

A.MrWaterstone.B.JohnBanville.

C.JamesDaunt.D.SimonFox.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第五段第一句“A&

NNwillappointJamesDauntasmanagingdirectorofWaterstone’soncethedealcompletes.”可知C项正确。

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intuition”meaninthepassage?

A.Instinctiveknowledge.B.Mentalimage.

C.Calmconsideration.D.Indirectsuggestion.

答案　A

解析　词义猜测题。

根据intuition所在的段落中的“asthechainwentfromstrengthtostrength”以及全文语境可知intuition表示的是银行家的“直觉”，故选A项。

B

失眠

★★

AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicinesuggeststhatgettingoutofbedwhenyoucan’tsleepmightpreventyoursleeplessnightfrombecomingchronicinsomnia（慢性失眠）.

Aftermonitoringthesesleephabitsof416participantsforoneyear，researchersfoundthatnightowlswhorestrictedtheirtimeinbedweremorelikelytosleepsoundlyoncetheydidfallasleep.Thosewhoremainedinbedwhentheycouldn’tsleep，ontheotherhand，weremorelikelytodevelopchronicinsomnia.

Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintuitiveatfirst，itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.“Thosewithinsomniatypicallyextendtheirsleepopportunity，”saidMichaelPerlis，PhD.“Theygotobedearly，getoutofbedlate，andtheynap.Whilethisseemsareasonablethingtodo，andmaywellbeintheshortterm，theprobleminthelongertermisthatitcreatesamismatchbetweentheindividual’scurrentsleepabilityandtheircurrentsleepopportunity；

thisfuelsinsomnia.”Theseseeminglyharmlesshabitscouldbecausingyourinsomnia，too.

“Soifyou’restrugglingtofallasleepatnight，trygettingoutofbedandusingthattimetoreadabookorwriteinajournal.Notonlycouldyoufallasleepinjustanhour，butyouwillalsodosofasterandsleepbetterthanifyouhadjuststayedinbed，”PerlistoldRealSimple.“Andtrytoresisttheurgetotakeanaporsleepinthenextday；

poweringthroughcanhelpyoufallasleepthefollowingnight.”

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。

一项新的研究发现，失眠时不应强迫自己入睡，最好的做法是起床做点其他的事，这样可以预防慢性失眠。

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”inParagraph3mean?

A.Contrarytocommonbelief.

B.Unlikeanythingelse.

C.Similartofirstreaction.

D.Beyondwildestimagination.

根据第三段内容和画线词所在句“Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintuitiveatfirst，itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.”可知，尽管一开始你可能会觉得这条建议违反常理，但一旦你明白失眠的原因就会觉得它（这条建议）合乎情理。

由此可推知，画线词和makesense应表达相反的意思。

所以“counterintuitive”意为“（想法、提议等）违反常理的”，和“contrarytocommonbelief”意思相近。

故选A。

4.WhatdoesPerlisadviseforasleeplessnight?

A.Getoutofbed.B.Remaininbed.

C.Keepwideawake.D.Takeanap.

根据最后一段第一句“Soifyou’restrugglingtofallasleepatnight，trygettingoutofbedandusingthattimetoreadabookorwriteinajournal.”可知，Perlis建议失眠时起床做其他的事。

5.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Topromoteahealthylifestyle.

B.Tointroduceanewfinding.

C.Toencouragesimilarstudy.

D.Todiscussthecauseofsleeplessness.

答案　B

解析　写作意图题。

通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了一项关于失眠的新研究，即失眠时最好的做法是起床做其他的事。

由此可知，作者写本文的目的是向读者介绍这项研究的内容。

故选B。

C

细菌

★★★

Ifyou’remakingresolutionsforahealthiernewyear，consideragutmakeover.Refashioningthecommunityofbacteriaandothermicrobeslivinginyourintestinaltract，collectivelyknownasthegutmicrobiome，couldbeagoodlong-terminvestmentinyourhealth.

Trillionsofmicrobialcellsinhabitthehumanbody，outnumberinghumancellsby10tooneaccordingtosomeestimates，andgrowingevidencesuggeststhatthericharrayofintestinalmicrobiotahelpsusprocessnutrientsinthefoodsweeat，bolsterstheimmunesystemanddoesallsortsofoddjobsthatpromotesoundhealth.Adiminishedmicrobialecosystem，ontheotherhand，isbelievedtohaveconsequencesthatextendfarbeyondtheintestinaltract，affectingeverythingfromallergiesandinflammation，metabolicdiseaseslikediabetesandobesity，evenmentalhealthconditionslikedepressionandanxiety.

Muchofthecompositionofthemicrobiomeisestablishedearlyinlife，shapedbyforceslikeyourgeneticsandwhetheryouwerebreast-fedorbottle-fed.Microbialdiversitymaybefurtherunderminedbythetypicalhigh-calorieAmericandiet，richinsugar，meatsandprocessedfoods.Butanewstudyinmiceandpeopleaddstoevidencethatsuggestsyoucantakestepstoenrichyourgutmicrobiota.Changingyourdiettoonecontainingavarietyofplant-basedfoods，thenewresearchsuggests，maybecrucialtoachievingahealthiermicrobiome.

Alteringyourmicrobiome，however，maynotbeeasy，andnobodyknowshowlongitmighttake.That’sbecausetheecosystemalreadyestablishedinyourgutdetermineshowitabsorbsandprocessesnutrients.Soifthemicrobialcommunityinyourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofcheeseburgersandpepperonipizza，forexample，itwon’trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasmorevariedmicrobiotatobeginwith.

“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobialcommunitythatencountersthatfood，”saidDrJeffreyGordon，theseniorauthorofthenewpaperanddirectoroftheCenterforGenomeScienceandSystemsBiologyattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis.“Nutritionalcomponentsofahealthydiethavetobeviewedfromtheinsideout，”hesaid，“notjusttheoutsidein.”

Oneofthequestionsthestudysetouttoanswerwashowindividualswithdifferentdietsrespondwhentheytrytoimprovetheireatinghabits.Thescientistsharvestedgutbacteriafromhumans，transplantedthemintomicebredundersterileconditions，andthenfedthemiceeitherAmerican-styleorplant-baseddiets.Thescientiststhenanalyzedchangesinthemice’smicrobialcommunities.

Ofinterest，thescientistsharvestedthegutbacteriafrompeoplewhofollowedsharplydifferentdiets.OnegroupateafairlytypicalAmericandiet，consumingabout3,000caloriesaday，highinanimalproteinswithfewfruitsandvegetables.Someoftheirfavoritefoodswereprocessedcheese，pepperoniandlunchmeats.

Theothergroupconsistedofpeoplewhoweredevoteesofcalorierestriction.Theyatelessthan1,800caloriesadayandhadmeticulouslytrackedwhattheyateforatleasttwoyears，stickingtoamostlyplant-baseddietandconsumingfarlessanimalproteinthantheothergroup，athirdfewercarbohydratesandonlyhalfthefat.

Thiscalorie-restrictedgroup，theresearchersfound，hadafarricherandmorediversemicrobialcommunityinthegutthanthoseeatingatypicalAmericandiet.Theyalsocarriedseveralstrainsof“good”bacteria，knowntopromotehealth，thatareuniquetotheirplant-baseddiet.“Theirchoicesasadultsdramaticallyinfluencedtheirgutcommunity，”saidNicholasW.GriffinofWashingtonUniversity，thepaper’sleadauthor.

Thestudy，publishedinCellHost&

Microbe，isnotthefirsttoreportfindingssuggestingdietaryshiftscaninducepersistentchangesinagutmicrobialcommunity，saidDrDavidA.Relman，aprofessorofmedicine，microbiologyandimmunologyatStanfordUniversity，whowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentresearch.Henotedthatotherstudieshadfoundevenmoreprofoundeffects.

Afterthehumanmicrobiotawastransplantedintothemice，themicegottoeateitherliketypicalAmericansorlikethecalorierestrictors.

MicethathadamicrobiotaconditionedbythetypicalAmericandiethadaweakerresponsetotheplant-baseddiet.Theirmicrobialcommunitiesdidn’tincreaseanddiversifyasmuch.“Theyallrespondedinapredictabledirection，butwithnotasgreatamagnitude，”saidDrGriffin.

Anotheraspectofthestudysuggeststhecompanyyoukeepmayalsoenrichyourgutmicrobiota—atleastinmice.Atfirsttheanimalswerekeptinseparatecages.Then，whentheywerehousedtogether，themicrobesfromthecommunitiesconditionedbyplantdietsmadetheirwayintotheAmerican-dietmicrobiome.

It’snotclearhowthattranslatestohumans：

Miceeatoneanother’sdroppingswhentheylivetogether，sotheyeasilysharethebacterialwealth.Still，it’spossiblehumanshaveotherwaysofsharingbacteria，DrGriffinsaid.“Weknowfrompreviousworkandotherstudiesthatspouseswholivetogetherwilldevelopmicrobialcommunitiesthataresimilartoeachother，”hesaid.

6.WhatcanweknowfromJeffreyGordon’sresearch?

A.Theythoughtthatotherstudieshadlessprofoundeffects.

B.Thosewholiveacalorierestrictedlifehaveavarietyofmicrobialcommunityinthegut.

C.Peoplewhoweredevoteesofcalorierestrictionarecrazyforprocessedcheese，pepperoniandsoon.

D.TypicalAmericandietconsumeslessanimalproteinandathirdfewercarbohydrates.

根据第十段最后一句“Henotedthatotherstudieshadfoundevenmoreprofoundeffects.”可知A项是错误的。

根据第九段第一句“Thiscalorie-restrictedgroup，theresearchersfound，hadafarricherandmorediversemicrobialcommunityinthegut”可知，限制饮食的人们会有更加多样灵活的肠道环境。

选项C是偷换概念，不是热衷于控制热量摄入的人，应该是美式饮食者们需要这样的食物。

根据第七段第二句和第八段最后一个分句可知，选项D是错误的。

由此可知答案是B项。

7.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“encounter”inthefifthparagraph?

A.Decrease.B.Increase.

C.Meet.D.Effect.

由画线词所在句中的“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobialcommunitythatencountersthatfood”和上下文可知，是食物遇到微生物群落，此处是“相遇，相汇”的意思，所以答案选“meet”。

8.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?