美国文学题库整理版Word文档格式.doc

美国文学题库整理版Word文档格式.doc

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LocalColorism/Regionalism:

MarkTwain

Naturalists:

StephenCrane/Dreiser

TheModernPeriod1914-1945

ModernPoetry:

Imagism:

EzraPound

W.C.Williams

LyricalPoet：

RobertFrost

CarlSandburg

WallaceStevens

ModernNovelists:

RepresentativesoftheLostGeneration:

（JazzAge）F.ScottFitzgerald/ErnestHemingway/T.S.Eliot

EpitomeoftheSouthernRenaissance:

WilliamFaulkner

TheLeftistNovelists:

JohnDosPassos/JohnSteinbeck

TheJewishAmericanNovelistsinthisperiod:

EugeneO·

Neill

PartITermDefinition

1.AmericanNaturalism:

美国自然主义

1.Naturalismisamoredeliberatekindofrealismandthistermdescribesatypeofliteraturethatattemptstoapplyscientificprinciplesofobjectivity（客观）anddetachment（冷静）toitsstudyofhumanbeings.2.Naturalismisaliterarymovementthatuseddetailedrealismtosuggestthatsocialconditions,heredity,andenvironmenthadinescapableforceinshapinghumancharacter.3.Althoughnaturalistliteraturedescribedtheworldwithsometimesbrutalrealism,itsometimesalsoaimedatbetteringtheworldthroughsocialreform.4.ItacceptedtheinterpretationofDarwin’sevolutionarytheoryandDreiserisaleadingfigureofthisschool.5.TherepresentativefigureisStephenCraneandhisSisterCarrie.

Keywords：

Darwin’sEvolutionaryTheory;

environmentandheredity;

objectivityanddetachmentTheodoreDreiser;

SisterCarrie,StephenCrane,etc.

2.AmericanRealism:

美国现实主义

1.时间：

InAmericanliterature,theCivilWarbroughttheRomanticPeriodtoanend.TheAgeofRealismcameintoexistence.内战将浪漫主义结束，开启现实主义。

2.Itcameasareactionagainstthelieofromanticismandsentimentalism.反对浪漫主义和感伤主义3.Realismturnedfromanemphasisonthestrangetowardafaithfuloftheordinary,asliceoflifeasitisreallylived.Itexpressestheconcernforcommonplaceandthelow,anditoffersanobjectiveratherthananidealisticviewofthehumannatureandhumanexperience.现实主义从对奇异的强调转向对平凡的忠实的渲染，一种生活的片段。

它表达了对平庸和平庸的关注，它提供了一个客观的而不是理想化的人性观和人类经验。

4.Arealisticwriterismoreobjectivethansubjective，moredescriptivethansymbolism.

5.TherepresentativefiguresareMarkTwain,HenryJamesandHowells.

MarkTwain,HenryJamesandHowells；

reality;

thedepressed;

3.Modernism:

现代主义

1.Itwasacomplexanddiverse（复杂多样的）internationalmovementinallthecreativearts（创造性艺术）,originatingabouttheendofthe19thcentury.

2.Itprovided（出现）thegreatestcreativerenaissanceofthe20thcentury.

3.Itwasmadeupofmanyfacets（方面）,suchassymbolism，surrealism（超现实主义）,cubism（立体主义）,expressionism,futurism（未来主义）,etc.

4.Modernismimplieshistoricaldiscontinuity，asenseofalienation，oflossandofdespair.

4.SouthernRenaissance（南方文艺复兴，必考）：

TheSouthernRenaissanceistherevivalofAmericanSouthernliteraturethatbeganinthe1920sand1930suntilthe1950s.2.特色：

Muchofthewritingsfeaturedthestrugglebetweenthosewhoembracedsocialchangesandthosewhoweremoreskeptical.3.观点：

ThewritersattempttocometotermsnotonlywiththeinheritedvaluesoftheSoutherntradition，butalsowithacertainwayofperceivinganddealingwiththepast.4.代表人物：

TherepresentativefiguresareWilliamFaulknerWilliamsandsoon.

5.Imagism:

意象主义

1.时间，地点，影响：

ImagismwasaliterarypoeticmovementwhichflourishedinLondonbetween1909and1917andhadanenduringandpervasiveinfluenceonEnglish-languagepoetryinthetwentiethcentury.

2.意象主义三原则：

Herearethreeimagistpoeticprinciples:

Directtreatmentofthethingwhethersubjectiveorobjective；

Eliminatemerelyornamentalorsuperfluouswords；

Asregardingrhythm，tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofametronome.3.代表人物：

TheimagistswereledbyEzraPoundandtherepresentativefiguresareD.H.Lawrence.EzraPoundandsoon.

6.IcebergPrinciple:

冰山原则

1.主要观点：

IcebergPrincipleisthatthefullmeaningofthetextisnotlimitedtomovingtheplotforward：

thereisalwaysawebofassociationandinference，asubmergedreasonbehindtheinclusionofeverydetail.2.提出者：

ItisawritingstylecoinedbyAmericanwriterErnestHemingway.3.举例：

InDeathintheAfternoon（午后之死），Hemingwayoutlinedhis“theoryofomission”or“icebergprinciple”.4.海明威的观点：

Hebelievedthedeepermeaningofastoryshouldnotbeevidentonthesurface，butshouldshinethroughimplicitly.Thedignityofmovementofanice-bergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.

7.JazzAge:

爵士时代

1.时间，地点：

TheJazzAgedescribestheperiodofthe1920sand1930s,theyearsbetweenWorldWarIandWorldWarII,particularlyinNorthAmerica,continuingthroughtheRoaringTwentiesandendingwiththeriseoftheGreatDepressioninAmerica.2.代表人物，特点：

TherepresentativefigureisF.ScottFitzgeraldwithhisnovelTheGreatGatsby,highlightingthedecadence（颓废）andhedonism（享乐主义），aswellasthegrowthofindividualism.

8.HemingwayHeroes/CodeHero:

海明威式英雄

1.HemingwayHeroesrefertosomeprotagonistsinHemingway`sworks.

2.AsaconceptfromHemingway`works，CodeHeroisdefinedbyHemingwayasamanwholivescorrectly，followingtheidealsofhonour，courageandenduranceinaworld.3.Itstandsforawholegenerationandthiskindofheroisanaveragemanofdecidelymasculinetastes，amanwhoissensitiveandintelligent，amanofactionsandoffewwords.Forexample，heuseshiscodehero，whoisnamedinmostofhisnovelsasNickAdamstoteachreadersacreativeanddisciplinedwayoflife.

9.AmericanDream:

美国梦

TheAmericanDreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courageanddeterminationonecanachieveabetterlifeforoneself,usuallythroughfinancialprosperity.ThesewerevaluesheldbymanyearlyEuropeansettlers,andhavebeenpassedontosubsequentgenerations.Americandreammeansthebeliefthateveryonecansucceedaslongashe/sheworkshardenough.Itusuallyimpliesasuccessfulandsatisfyinglife.

美国梦是由在美利坚合众国的许多人通过努力保持信心，勇气和决心实现一个能给自己一个更好的生活，通常通过金融繁荣。

这是许多早期的欧洲移民的价值观，并已传递给后代。

美国梦的含义，相信每个人都能长他/她付出足够的努力获得成功。

它通常意味着成功和满足的生活。

10.StreamofConsciousness:

意识流

1.范畴：

Itisoneofthemodernliterarytechniques.2.风格：

Itisthestyleofwritingthatattemptstoimitatethenaturalflowofacharacter’sthoughts,feelings,reflections,memories,andmentalimagesasthecharacterexperiencesthem.Thosenovelsbrokethroughtheboundsoftimeandspace,anddepictedvividlyandskillfullytheunconsciousactivityofthemindfastchangingandflowingincessantly.这些小说突破了时空的界限，生动而巧妙地刻画了心灵的无意识活动，瞬息万变，不断流动。

3.举例：

ItwasfirstusedbytheIrishnovelistJamesJoyce.ThemodernAmericanwriterWilliamFaulknersuccessfullyadvancedthistechnique.

11.theLostGeneration：

迷茫的一代

1.人物，地点，时间：

ThetermLostGenerationwascoinedbySteintorefertoagroupofAmericanLiterarynotableswholivedinParisfromtheendofWorldWarItothebeginningoftheGreatDepression.2.代表人物：

TherepresentativefiguresareF.ScottFitzgerald，ErnestHemingwayandT.S.Eliotandsoon.3.迷茫的原因：

Theywere“lost”becauseafterthewarmanyofthemweredisillusionedwiththeworldingeneral.4.Itreferstoagroupofyoungintellectuals（知识分子）whocamebackfromwar,wereinjured（受伤害）bothphysically（身体上）andmentally（精神上）.

12.Yoknapatawpha：

约克纳帕塔法

1.MostofFaulkner`sworksaresetinasmallregioninNorthernMississippi，YoknapatawphaCounty，whichisactuallyanimaginaryplacebasedonFaulkner`schildhoodmemoryaboutthetownofOxfordinhisnativeCounty.2.Withrichimagination，heturnedtheland，thepeopleandthehistoryoftheregionintoaliterarycreationandamythicalkingdom.3.ThiskindofstoriesdealwiththehistoricalperiodfromtheCivilWartothe1920s3.Asaresult，theCountyhasbecomeanallegoryandFaulknerhasmanagedsuccessfullytoshowapanoramaofthewholeSouthernsociety.

补充：

LocalColorism（地方主义）

Localcolorism，alsocalledregionalism，asatrendbecamedominantinAmericanliteratureinthe1860sandearly1870sand2.特点：

itischaracterizedbyvernacular（本国语）languageandsatirical（讽刺的）humor.3.目的：

Thefinalgoaloflocalcoloristsistowriteortopresentlocalcharactersoftheirregionsdistinguishedfromother.4.举例：

TherepresentativefigureisMarkTwain.ItisauniquevariationofAmericanliteraryrealism.

Keywords:

MarkTwain,local,peopleandlandscape,realism,language,custom,etc.

PartIIMultipleChoices

1.WhichisnotconnectedwithThomasPaine?

A.CommonSenseB.TheAmericanCrisis

C.TheRightsofManD.TheAutobiography

2.“Thesearethetimesthattrymen’ssouls”,thesewordswereoncereadtoWashington’stroopsanddidmuchtospurexcitementtofurtheractionwithhopeandconfidence.Whoistheauthorofthesewords?

A.BenjaminFranklinB.ThomasPaine

C.ThomasJeffersonD.GeorgeWashington

3.AttheReasonandRevolutionPeriod,AmericanswereinfluencedbytheEuropeanmovementcalledthe______.

A.ChartistMovementB.RomanticistMovement

C.EnlightenmentMovementD.ModernistMovement

4.InAmericanliterature,theEnlightenerswerefavorableto______.

A.thecolonialorderB.religiousobscurantism

C.thePuritantraditionD.thesecularliterature

5.TheEnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericaroseinarmsagainsttheirparentcountryandtheContinentalCongressadopted______in1776.

A.DeclarationofIndependenceB.theSu