高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读Word文档格式.docx

高考英语二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测代词指代题考查解读Word文档格式.docx

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（1）it/this/that可指代一件事。

（2）it/he/them/they/one/those指上文提到的人或物。

（3）which/that/who等关系代词指代其所修饰的先行词，非限制性定语从句中which可指代前面整句话的内容。

第三步：

替换核实再比较

（1）用所找的指代内容替换画线代词，核实句意是否合理，前后内容是否一致。

（2）比较所代部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。

例如：

【真题感悟】中第26题，sharingthat与前面的sharedthebelief呼应，由此可推知，拥有同样的信念使两人成了朋友；

thebelief替换that后，经核实意义正确，故选A项。

【课堂练习】

A

Throughoutthepastfewyears，Ihavetriedtogivemyselftoothers.IhavebouncedaroundtofindwhereItrulyfitin.IfoundmyplacewhileIstayedinGuatemala，anorphanage（孤儿院），withthechildrenlivingthere.Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives，Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential：

7makeupandanyothersortofluxury（奢侈品）．Ilivedliketheydid.Itwasthemostrelaxingfeelingintheworld.

WhenatNuestrosPequenosHermanos，weweregiventhetaskofcreatingapig8pen.Atfirst，Ithoughtitshouldbeeasy.Afterarrivingattheareawherethepigpenshouldbe，wesawahill.Weweretoldto1uproottheweedsaswellasleveltheentirearea.Lookingatit，wefeltitwouldbeimpossible.Onmyownfaithjourney，Ihavefeltthistypeofdoubtbefore.The“hole”，aswereferredto，isasymbolofmyfaithjourney.Itappearedtobean2obstacleIcouldnotovercome，butintheendIcompleteditwithefforts.Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.

I’vealwaysstruggledtobeonajourneyoffaith，butI’venevercompletelysteppedfootontothepathuntilGuatemala.I’vealwaystriedtoopenmyhearttoeveryonearoundmeandgivethemmylove.IfeelasthoughIcutopenmyheartandshareeverybitofloveIhadwiththeseorphans.ThereisoneorphannamedCetowhowillalwaysremainveryclosetomyheart.InGuatemala，Isponsorwiththirtydollarsamonth，butitdoesn’tseemenough.I’llreturntherenextsummerandgivemoreofmyloveforawholemonth.

Whenitwastimetoleave，Ilookedoutofthewindowandsawnotjustordinarychildren.Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.

语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的生活，从而改变了自己的人生。

1．Whatresultedintheauthor’sdecisiontoliveanewlife?

A．Desiretohelpothers.

B．Decreaseinhisincome.

C．Aknowledgeoftheorphans’life.

D．Awarenessofthedifficultyinhislife.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决定改变自己的生活。

故选C。

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?

A．Removingthedoubt.

B．Uprootingtheweed.

C．Startingthefaithjourney.

D．Creatingthepigpen.

答案　D

解析　代词指代题。

根据画线词后面的“Ifeelthispigpenwasn’teasytocreatebutwassorewardingtogive.”可以猜测出，it代指建造猪圈这件事。

故选D。

3．WhatdidtheauthorthinkofhisexperienceinGuatemala?

A．Itwasregretful.

B．Itwasmeaningful.

C．Itwasinteresting.

D．Itwasfrightening.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。

故选B。

4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A．AStepintoaNewWorld

B．AnAwfulFaithJourney

C．AGreatSuccessinLife

D．AReturnofConfidence

答案　A

解析　标题归纳题。

根据最后一段中的“Overall，themostsignificantaccomplishmentImadeinGuatemalawassteppingtowardsmyownfaithjourneyandnotlookingback.”可以推断出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。

故用AStepintoaNewWorld作为本文的标题最佳。

故选A。

B

Vinegarisgreat.Itmakessalad，friesanddumplingstastebetter，andyoucanevencleanyourwindowswithit.Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScience（CSRS）inJapanprovedthat.Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefuture，worriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.

ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsis，aplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditions，itproducedachemicalcalledacetate（醋酸盐）—themain3componentofvinegar.

Afterdiscoveringthis，thescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwatercompletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days，theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived，whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.

It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.“Intheexperiment，wetargetedthe4staplefoodsoftheworld—rice，wheatandmaize...andprovedsuccessful，”JongMyongKim，co-authorofthestudy，toldPopularSciencemagazine.

Kimhasalreadybeenintouchwithpeoplearoundtheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromfarmerstocompaniesand5amateurgardeners.“Nowwearetryingtocooperatewiththemtomakeamethodtoapplythissystem，andmaketheprocessassimpleaspossible，”hesaid.Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.

语篇解读　本文是一篇科普类文章。

文章主要介绍了日本科学家们近期发现了一个有意思的现象：

给植物加点“醋”，植物就能变得更耐旱……

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph1referto?

A．Vinegarmayhelpcreaturessurvivebadweather.

B．VinegarisfoundinplantsbyJapanesescientists.

C．Vinegarisveryusefulforcookingagoodmeal.

D．Vinegarismainlyusedbypeopletocleanhouses.

根据画线词前一句“Andnow，accordingtoscientists，itmayevenhelptheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.”可以判断出that指代的是醋可以帮助生物更好地适应气候的变化。

6．ScientistsinJapanfindfromtheirstudiesthat.

A．theArabidopsiscouldsurviveindryweatherbecauseoftheshape

B．soilconditioncouldbechangedbypouringvinegarcontinually

C．theacetatecanbeusedbyfarmerstoreplacethesoil

D．theplantstreatedwithacetatecouldsurvivedryconditions

根据第一段中的“Theyfoundgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.”可知，在酸性环境下生长的植物更加耐旱。

7．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A．It’stoodifficultforfarmerstoacceptthemethod.

B．Howtodecreasethecostisthemainissue.

C．Themethodis6promisingespeciallyinagriculture.

D．Keepingplantsalivemeansalotforscientists.

根据最后一段尤其是最后一句“Hopefullythismeanstheendofhungercausedbybadweatherinthefuture.”可以推断出这种方法尤其在农业上很有前景。

8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．JapaneseScientistsFindaPlant

B．VinegarCouldEndHunger

C．VinegarandFood

D．PlantsNeedWater

根据全文大意可知，科学家研究发现醋更能够让植物适应各种恶劣气候，提高粮食的产量，从而消除饥饿。

所以用VinegarCouldEndHunger作为题目较为合适，故选B。

【提炼拓展】

Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破

（一）阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思

1．Thismorningwhenwewerewalkingalongthestreetandfoundmanyfallentreeswhichhavebeenuprootedbythestorm.连根拔起；

根除

2．Mostcompetitioncarswillonlyrolloveriftheyhitanobstacle.障碍；

障碍物

3．Hydrogenisakeycomponentoffuelcells.组成部分，成分

4．WheatmaybePakistan’sstaplefood，andmilkyteaisthenationaldrink.主要的

5．Atthetime，IwasplayingasanamateurforCambridgeUniversityagainstprofessionalcountyteams.业余爱好者

（二）同义词语替换

6．We’retryingtobringalongseveralpromisingyoungfootballplayers.hopeful

（三）一词多义

7．makeupn．化妆品；

组成

（1）Eventhegeneticmakeupofthevirusisunderdebate.组成

（2）Normallysheworelittlemakeup，butthiseveningwasclearlyanexception.化妆品

8．penv．撰写；

关（人或动物）；

n.（临时圈养牲畜的）圈；

钢笔

（1）Theanimalswerepennedupincages.关（人或动物）

（2）Ireallyintendedtopenthislettertoyouearlythismorning.撰写

（3）Takeapieceofpaperandapenandtrytofigureouthowyouknowwhenyourvaluesarefulfilled.钢笔

（4）Apenisasmallareawithafencearounditinwhichfarmanimalsarekeptforashorttime.（临时圈养牲畜的）圈

Ⅱ.长难句理解

1．Throughhearingmanystoriesoftheirlives，Iwasmovedtotearsandstartedtoquestionmylivingwaysandgaveupeverythingthatwasn’tessential：

makeupandanyothersortofluxury（奢侈品）．

[句式分析]　本句话是一个并列句，第一个and前的简单句是主系表结构；

第二、三个and后的简单句与前面的句子主语一致，故省略了主语I，且这两个简单句为主谓宾结构；

thatwasn’tessential：

makeupandanyothersortofluxury为定语从句，修饰限定everything。

[精美译文]　因为听了关于他们生活的很多故事，我感动得留下了眼泪，开始质疑自己的生活方式并且放弃了所有不必要的东西：

化妆品和其他的奢侈品。

2．Afterleavingtheplantsfor14days，theyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived，whiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.

[句式分析]　本句话是一个并列句，由并列词while构成，前后表示对比关系。

while前面的句子是主谓宾结构，其宾语为宾语从句thattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvived，在宾语从句中treatedwithacetate作定语，修饰theones；

while后面的句子是主谓结构。

[精美译文]　丢下这些植物不管14天后，他们发现那些加了醋酸盐的植物活了下来，而未加醋酸盐的植物都干死了。

强化练习

Ⅰ.阅读理解

HereisarecordofthediscussionaboutAI（artificialintelligence）conductedbyseveralscientists：

ScientistA：

IwouldsaythatwearequitealongwayoffdevelopingtheAI，thoughIdothinkitwillhappenwithinthenextthirtyorfortyyears.Wewillprobablyremainincontroloftechnologyanditwillhelpussolvemanyoftheworld’sproblems.However，noonereallyknowswhatwillhappenifmachinesbecomemoreintelligentthanhumans.Theymayhelpus，ignoreusordestroyus.ItendtobelieveAIwillhaveapositiveinfluenceonourfuturelives，butwhetherthatistruewillbepartlyuptous.

ScientistB：

Ihavetoadmitthatthepotentialconsequencesofcreatingsomethingthatcanmatchorgobeyondhumanintelligencefrightenme.Evennow，scientistsareteachingcomputershowtolearnontheirown.Atsomepointinthenearfuture，theirintelligencemay