人教英语选修八Unit2Cloning教案5文档格式.docx

人教英语选修八Unit2Cloning教案5文档格式.docx

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Iwouldliketosuggestthatmedicalcloningisnotassimpleasissueasmycolleagueclaims.

2.Abilitygoals

Activatethestudentstoshowtheiropinionsaboutthecloning.

Enablethestudentstowriteanarticleonthisdebate.

3.Learningabilitygoals

Helpthestudentslearnhowtoorganizeadebateandhowtowriteashortcompositionofthedebate.

Teachingimportantanddifficultpoints

Howtoorganizethedebatingmaterials.

Howtowriteashortcompositionofthedebate.

Howtowriteareport.

Teachingmethods

Task-basedteachingmethod.

Teachingaids

Acomputerandaprojector.

Teachingprocedures&

ways

StepⅠRevision

Checkthehomeworkandaskthestudentstospeakouttheiropinionaboutthemedicalcloning.

StepⅡReadingtask

T:

Homeworkcheckisover.Pleaseturntopage58.Todaywewillmakeadebate.Tobeginwith,Iwanttoaskyouwhatyouropinionaboutdebateis,haveyouseenanyTVdebates?

S:

Yeah,wehaveseencollegestudents’debateonTV.

S2:

Iknowinadebatethereisonechairpersonsome-timestwo,fourmemberseachgroup,twoleadingdebaters.

Youareright.Doyouwanttoknowmoredetailsaboutadebate?

Yeah.

Askthestudentstoreadthedebaterules.

OK.Stopreading.Herearesomequestionsforyou.Question1:

Whatisthedefinitionofdebate?

Ss:

Adebateisanactivityinwhichstudentscandiscusstwosidesofanissue.Thereisachairpersontochargeit.

Question2:

Tellmetheprocessofadebateinyourownwords.

Theleadingdebaterwhosupportsthetopicspeaksfirst,thenanotheronewhodisagreeswiththetopicspeaks,thenotherpeopletaketurnstogiveafreediscussion.Towardstheendofthedebate,thelastspeakerofeachsidewillsummarizetheargumentsthathavebeenmadetosupporttheirpointofview.

Excellent,thanksforyouranswer.Inourtextbookthereisanexampleofdebate,readthetopiccarefullyanddiscussthequestionswithyourpartner.AndIwilldivideyouintotwoteams.Onesideagreeswiththemedicalcloningandtheothersideisagainstthemedicalcloning.

Thenshowthequestions.Givestudents6minutestopreparetheiranswers.

TeamA:

1.What’stheirargument?

2.Tworeasonsformedicalcloning.

3.Doyouagreewiththem?

Why?

TeamB:

2.Tworeasonsagainstmedicalcloning.

Sampleanswers:

Q1:

Theysupporttheideathatthereshouldbemedicalcloning.

Q2:

a.Thereisnodangerofthebodyrefusingtoacceptthenewcalls.

b.Patientscanbetreatedimmediately.

Q3.Yes,Iagreewiththem.Becausethemedicalcloningcanhelpourhumanbeingstocuremanydiseases.Withthehelpofthecloningtechniques,peoplecanberestoredtoperfecthealthandbeabletoliveagoodlife.

No,Idisagreewiththem.Ithinkallanimalsincludinghumanbeingsarenaturalthingsontheearth.Weshouldnotdamagethisnaturalrule.

Q1.Theydisagreethatthereshouldbemedicalcloning.

Q2.a.Itbringsmanyethicalproblems.

b.Manyscientistsarealsoworriedabouttheefficiencyofthesystem.

Q3.Yes,Iagreewiththem.Becausethemedicalcloningbringsmanyseriousproblemstoourhumanbeings.Wemustbeverycautiousaboutcloninguntiltheseproblemsaresolved.

No,Idisagreewiththem.Becauseallofuswanttoleadameaningfullife.Weshouldtryourbesttorealizeourdream.

StepⅢSpeakingtask

Justnow,welearnedhowtoorganizeadebate,nowit’sourturntocontinuethedebate.Thetopicofourdebateis“shouldweclone?

”Nowchoosetheteamyouagreewith.

Dividethewholeclassintofourgroups,twoagreeandtwodisagree.

Tobeginthisdebate,Iwillgiveyousomeinformationaboutclone.Youcanchoosewhatyouneed.Duringthespeech,youcanmakenotessothatyoudonotforgetwhatyouwanttosay.Inourdebatethepersonwhospeakslastmustsummarizeyourideas.Herearesometipsforyou.

Showthefollowing.

Centeronthesubjectofthedebate.

Organizemainideasthatsupportyourpointofview.

Listyourownideas.

Makeaconclusion.

Askthestudentstoreadthefollowinginformation

Whyshouldweusecloning?

Thegoalsandpurposesforcloningrangefrommakingcopiesofthosethathavedeceasedtobetterengineeringtheoffspringinhumansandanimals.Cloningcouldalsodirectlyofferameansofcuringdiseasesoratechniquethatcouldextendmeanstoacquiringnewdataforthesciencesofembryologyandhoworganismsdevelopasawholeovertime.Currently,theagriculturalindustrydemandsnucleartransfertoproducebetterlivestock.Cloningcouldmassivelyimprovetheagriculturalindustryasthetechniqueofnucleartransferimproves.Thegoaloftransgeniclivestockistoproducelivestockwithidealcharacteristicsfortheagriculturalindustryandtobeabletomanufacturebiologicalproductssuchasproteinsforhumans.Researcherscanharvestandgrowadultcellsinlargeamountscomparedtoembryos.Scientistscanthengeneticallyalterthesecellsandfindwhichonesdidtransformandthencloneonlythosecells.

Scientistsalsopondertheideaofcloningendangeredspeciestoincreasetheirpopulation.Thepossibilitiesareendless.However,weareactuallydoingmuchofthisresearchfortheimprovementoflifeforhumans.Scientistsforeseethecloningofpigsthatwillproduceorgansthatwillnotberejectedbyhumans.Cloningalsoprovidesbetterresearchcapabilitiesforfindingcurestomanydiseases.Therearealsopossibilitiesthatnucleartransfercouldprovidebenefitstothosewhowouldlikechildren.Forinstance,coupleswhoareinfertile,orhavegeneticdisorders,couldusecloningtoproduceachild.Equallyimportant,womenwhoaresinglecouldhaveachildusingcloninginsteadofin-vitrofertilizationorartificialinsemination.Cloningcouldalsoprovideacopyofachildforacouplewhosechildhaddied.

Whyshouldwenotusecloning?

Thebiggestproblemwiththeuseofcloningonalargescaleisthedeclineingeneticdiversity.Thinkaboutit,ifeveryonehasthesamegeneticmaterial,whathappensifwelosetheabilitytoclone.Wewouldhavetoresorttonaturalreproduction,causingustoinbreed,whichwillcausemanyproblems.Also,ifapopulationoforganismshasthesamegeneticinformation,thenthediseasewouldwipeouttheentirepopulation.Helpingendangeredspeciesbycloningwillnothelptheproblem.Currently,zoologistsandenvironmentaliststryingtosaveendangeredspeciesarenotsomuchhavingtroublekeepingpopulationnumbersup,butnothavinganyanimalstobreedthatarenotcousins.Thetechniqueofnucleartransferisalsoearlyinitsdevelopmentalstages.Thus,errorsareoccurringwhenscientistscarryouttheprocedure.Forinstance,ittook277triestoproduceDolly,andRoslinscientistsproducedmanylambswithabnormalities.Ifwetriedtocloneendangeredspecieswecouldpossiblykillthelastfemalesintegraltothesurvivalofaspecies.Thismaybethemainreasonscienceisholdingoutoncloninghumans.

Otherargumentsforcloningincludeifwearetakingnatureintoourownhandsbycloninganimalsorpeople.Peoplequestionwhenwewilldrawthelineforgettinginvolvedinnaturalevents.Religiousorganizationsconsidernucleartransfertocausementobereproductivelyobsolete.Thisclaimwasdeducedbygatheringoftheinformationthatcloningrequiresonlyoocytes,anycell,andawomantodevelopin.Theyalsoclaimthatcloningdoesnotrespectthefactthathumanshavesouls.Theyalsoconsidercloningunnatural,andsaywearetakingtheworkofGodintoourownhands.Thereisalsoadebateastothemoralrightsofclones.Somesaytheirrightswillbedefiedbecauseclonesarenotgrantedthebirthofnewness.Wewouldnotreceivecloneswithsuchexcitementasachildofacouplewhoconceivednaturally.Ifnaturalreproductionweretooccur,geneticvariationwouldoccur.Theysaycloningwoulddepriveapersonofuniqueness.Theyarguethatidenticaltwinsarenotuniquefromeachother,butthattheyarenewingeneticvariationanduniquefromanythingthatcamebeforethem.Peoplealsowonderwhatmentalandemotionalproblemswouldresultifaclonewastofindoutthatheorshewascloned.

Thengivestudents10minutestoprepare,everyonefindstheirrolesinthedebate.Asachairperson,theteacherisinchargeofthedebate.Askthestudentstodoasfollows:

Firstleadingspeakergivesanargument.

Thenothersgivespeechfreely.

Lastthefourthspeakergivesasummary.

Chairperson:

Fromourdebate,wereallycanlearnmuch.Allofyouhaveperformedwell.Whethercanweclone?

Thisisalongtermargument.Tome,ifpeoplecanusethismethodproperly,it’sreallyuseful,butifweuseitinotherways,itcanbringusdisaster.

Samplenotes:

argumentsforcloning

1）Cloningwillbebeneficialtohumans.Forexample,ifacouplecan’thavechildren,cloningcouldhelpgivethemachild;

2）wecouldusecloningtocureillnesses.

argumentsagainstcloning

1）healthrisksfrommutationofgenes;

2）emotionalrisks;

3）riskofabuseofthetechnology;

4）againstnature;

5）clonedanimalsgetillanddiequiteyoung;

6）peopleareafraidofthatscientistswillcreatethousandsofcopiesofthesameperson;

7）Cloningisdangerous