版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版浙江话题Unit 24.docx
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版英语高三一轮复习系列大一轮复习讲义话题版浙江话题Unit24
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Thereportdatashowsthatpleasurereadinglevelsforyoungerchildren,ages2-8,remain(仍然是)largelythesame.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2.Whenaleafyplantisunderattack(袭击),itdoesn’tsitquietly.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
3.Thewitnessrelatedtothecrime(犯罪)wasmurderedthedaybeforethetrial.
4.Tojudge(判断)fromwhathesaid,hewasverydisappoited.
5.Accordingtoareviewofevidence(证据)inamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyearslongerthannonrunners.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
6.Theboywaschargedwithstealinginthegrocery,butheinsistedthathewasinnocent(清白的).
7.FriedmanpointsoutthatthegreeneconomyisachancetokeepAmericanstrength(力量).
(2018·浙江)
8.Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishIhadasecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved(参与).(2018·江苏)
9.Maryproved(证明)herselftobeagoodmother.
10.Inthisway,artsandculturealsoserve(充当)asapublicgood.(2018·江苏)
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Strictsecurity(secure)measuresareinforceinthecapital.
2.Themanrefusedtomakeastatement(state),whichmadethereportersdisappointed.
3.Aswedrewcloser,Icouldseeawhalebeing attacked(attack)byapackofaboutsixotherkillers.
4.Havingretiredfrombusiness,heisoccupiedwiththewelfareofthedisablednow.
5.Alotofchildrenareexposedtosomefilmsfullofviolence(violent).
6.Michellefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.
7.Itremainsto be seen(see)whetherthenewlyformedcommittee’spolicycanbeputintopractice.
8.WhatisevenmoreinterestingisthatoneofStein’sjobsisdefending(defence)anindustrybehindtheplasticshoppingbags.(2018·浙江)
9.Thefirmisworkingonanewproductincombination(combine)withseveraloverseaspartners.
10.Thebagsare prohibited(prohibit)insome90citiesinCalifornia,includingLosAngeles.
(2018·浙江)
Ⅲ.选词填空
1.Sheadapted tothelifeinChinasoonaftershearrivedthere.
2.Atfirsthewas opposed toourplan,butwemanagedtoarguehimround.
3.Asthepresident’scardrewup,thecrowdbroke intoloudapplause.
4.What’smore,inordertohavemuchknowledgeofChineseculture,itisofimportanceforyoutobe aware ofthecontent,Tangpoetry.(2017·全国Ⅰ)
5.Generally,Iamin favour oftheconclusion.
6.Youwillnevergainsuccessunlessyouarefullydevoted toyourwork.
7.Thepolicearelooking intothedisappearanceoftwochildren.
8.Thetwocountrieslivetogetherin peace.
Ⅳ.同义词语替换
1.Marywaschargedwithmurderingherhusband.accused of
2.IntheUSAinthelast100years,23menhavebeensentencedtodeath.condemned to death
3.Smitted a mistake
4.Thereporteriscurioustoknowwhethertheofficialhassomethingtodowiththecase.is/gets involved in/with
5.Itisreportedthatthepolicewillsooninvestigatethecaseoftwomissingchildren.look into
abusevt.滥用;虐待;辱骂
n.滥用;谩骂
(1)abuseone’spower滥用职权
(2)alcohol/drugabuse酗酒/嗜毒
childabuse虐待儿童
(1)Drug abuse and alcohol abusecontributedtohisearlydeath.
他的过早离世是滥用毒品和酗酒造成的。
(2)Sheabuses her powerasprincipalbygivingjobstoherfriends.
她滥用自己作为校长的职权给朋友介绍工作。
(3)Child abuseiswidespreadinthiscountry.
虐待儿童的现象在这个国家很普遍。
(1)accusesb. of...(=chargesb. with...)指责某人……;控告某人……
(2)theaccused被告
(3)accusationn.指控;控告;指责
(1)Theaccused(accuse)wasfoundinnocent.
(2)Sheaccused me of/charged me with(指控我……)neglectingmyduty.
[句式升级]
(3)Becausemyfatherwasaccusedofneglectingoureducation,hesentmybrotherandmetoasummerschool.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Accused of neglecting our education,myfathersentmybrotherandmetoasummerschool.
(1)commitsuicide/acrime自杀/犯罪
commit...to...向……投入……
commitoneselfto(doing)sth.答应(做)某事;献身(做)某事
(2)commitmentn.承诺,保证;承担义务;献身
makeacommitmenttodosth.答应做某事
(1)TheycalledonWesternnationstocommitmoremoneytothepoorestnations.
他们呼吁西方国家向极度贫困国家投入更多的钱。
(2)Sorry,I’vealreadycommitted myself to workingforSmith.
对不起,我已答应为史密斯工作了。
(3)Hecommitted suicidebydrowninghimselfinMiluoRiverforpoliticalreasons.
(2019·吉林长春实验中学模拟)
他因政治原因跳汨罗江自杀身亡。
易错点拨
“犯错误”是makeamistake,但“犯罪”是commitacrime,习惯上不说makeacrime。
(1)defendsb. /sth.from/againstsb. /(doing)sth.保护某人(物)免受伤害;保卫某人(物)
defendoneselfagainststh.为自己辩护
(2)defenc(s)en.防御;防御工事;保卫
indefenceof(=inone’sdefence)保卫……;为……辩护
(3)defensiveadj.防御性的;自我保护的
(1)Liketheirchildren,parentsareoftendefensive(defend)abouttheirprivatelives.
(2)Hehashiredalawyertodefend himself againsttheallegations./Hehashiredalawyerin defence of himself againsttheallegations.
他已经雇了一位律师为这一指控辩护。
(1)robsb. of...抢劫某人的……
(2)robberyn.抢劫;盗窃;抢劫案
robbern.强盗;盗贼
(1)Herillnessrobbedherofthechancetogotoschool.
(2)Themanwasservingasentenceforrobbery(rob)withviolence.
(3)Shescreamedforhelpwhenshesawtherobber(rob).
(4)Shewas robbed(rob)ofwhatlittlemoneyshehad.
[词义辨析] rob,steal
※rob意为“抢”,常用于“robsb. /sth.ofsth.”的结构。
rob的宾语只能是被抢的人或地点,不能是被抢的东西。
※steal意为“偷”,常用于“stealsth.fromsb. /sth.”的结构。
steal的宾语只能是被偷的东西,不能是被偷的人或地点。
witnessv.当场见到;目击
n.目击者;证人;证据
(1)witnessto(doing)sth....为……作证;出庭证明;证实
(2)awitnessto...……的证人/证据
bear/givewitnessto证明……;为……作证(此短语中witness前不加冠词,而且witness不用复数)
(1)Hisgoodhealthisawitnesstothesuccessofthetreatment.
(2)Shewitnessed to having seen(作证说见过)themannearthesceneofthecrime.
易错点拨
witness后接动词作宾语时,该动词要用动名词(不用不定式):
The1980shavewitnessedincreasingunemployment.20世纪80年代失业人数不断增长。
(1)prohibitsb. fromdoingsth.禁止(阻止)某人做某事
prohibit(one’s)doingsth.禁止(某人)做某事
(2)prohibitionn.禁止,禁令
prohibitionagainst...……的禁令
(1)Theprofessorwasdeafandanytalkingwas prohibited(prohibit).(2017·全国Ⅰ)
(2)Theenvironmentalgroupisdemandingacompleteprohibitionagainstthehuntingofwhales.
(3)[同义句改写] Hispooreyesightprohibitedhisbecomingapilot.
→Hispooreyesightprohibited him from becomingapilot.
易错点拨
prohibit后不接带不定式的复合结构,即不能说prohibitsb. todosth.。
(1)Itremainstobeseen...尚不确定……,还说不准……
Thefactremainsthat...事实是……
(2)remainsn.剩余物;遗物;遗址;遗迹;遗骸
remainingadj.剩余的;留下的
(1)Heatetheremains(remain)ofthecasserolehungrily.
(2)Itremainsto be seen(see)whethershe’llbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.
(3)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremainseated(seat)untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.
(4)Heusedtheremaining(remain)moneytobuyabook.
(5)Remaindevoted(devote)toachievingyourgoalsandyoucanbecomesuccessfulinlife.
(2019·四川棠湖中学模拟)
易错点拨
remain表示“仍然,依旧”等意时,为连系动词,其后可接名词、形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语等作表语。
另外,用于此意时,它一般不与continue,still连用,以免语义重复。
(1)strengthsandweaknesses优点和缺点
buildupone’sstrength强身健体
(2)strengthenv.加强
[写出下列句子中strength的汉语意思]
(1)It’simportanttoknowyourownstrengthsandweaknesses.优点
(2)Asforme,I’mcrazyaboutbasketballsinceithasbeengivingmestrengthtoconfrontthechallengesinmylife.(2018·全国Ⅲ)力量
(3)Mathsismystrength,whileIdon’tdowellinEnglish.强项
[单句语法填空]
(4)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisestostrengthen(strength)yourlegmuscles,avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
(1)combine...with/and...把……与……结合起来
(2)combinationn.结合;联合;联合体;结合物
incombinationwith与……联合;与……共谋
(1)Thiscombination(combine)ofhealingmyselfandhealingtheworldstruckmeastheperfectsolution.(2017·天津)
(2)Whencombined(combine)withberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(3)Thestudyoftraditionsshouldbe combined with practice(与实践相结合).(2018·全国Ⅲ)
(1)favourn.帮助;喜爱;恩惠;赞同;v.喜爱;偏袒
inone’sfavour对某人有利
showfavourto对……偏爱/偏袒
owesb. afavour欠某人的人情
doafavourforsb. (=dosb. afavour)帮某人一个忙
asksb. afavour(=askafavourofsb. )请某人帮一个忙
(2)favourableadj.有利的;赞许的;给人好印象的
(1)Theresponsetotheinventionhasn’tbeenallfavourable(favor).
(2)Mostofthemwerein favour of(支持)myopinionwhileDavidwasagainstit.
(3)Wouldyoudo me the favour(帮我一个忙)toopenthewindow?
(4)[同义句改写] NowIwonderwhetheryoucoulddomeafavour.
→NowIwonderwhether you could do a favour for me.
→NowIwonderwhether I could ask you a favour.
→NowIwonderwhether I could ask a favour of you.
易错点拨
若favour之后跟有表示其具体内容的不定式或ofdoingsth.,则其前面必须用定冠词the。
(1)adaptv.使适应;使适合;改编;改写
adapt(...)to(使……)适应于……
adapt(...)from根据……改编(写)……
adapt...for把……改编(写)成……;为……改编(写)……
(2)adaptationn.改编本;适应
adaptableadj.可改编的;能适应的
(1)Thereasonforthisbird’sadaptationtothecoldtemperaturesoftheArcticCircleisitssplendidlybeautiful,white,andthickfeathers.(2018·全国名校联盟联考)
(2)ItwasaTVadaptation(adapt)ofChineseliteratureclassic,TheDreamoftheRedChamber.
(3)Whenyougotoanewcountry,youmustadapt yourself tonewcustoms.当你到一个新的国家时,你必须使自己适应新的风俗习惯。
[句式升级]
(4)Thedirectorwasfullyconvincedthatthismovingstory,ifitwasadaptedfortelevision,wouldbeahit.(改为省略句)
Thedirectorwasfullyconvincedthatthismovingstory,if adapted for television,wouldbeahit.
breakdown出故障;失败;垮掉;分解
breakup粉碎;解散;放假;关系等破裂
breakout战争、火灾等爆发;突然开始+doing
breakthrough取得突破;克服
breakwith与……断交;背弃
breakawayfrom脱离
[根据语境用break短语的正确形式填空]
(1)WhenItoldthemmystory,thegirlbroke intotears.
(2)Somewomenbroke withtraditionbygoingtostudyabroad.
(3)Scientistssaythey’rebeginningtobreak throughinthefightagainstcancer.
(4)Whendoyoubreak upforChristmas?
(5)Herhealthbroke downunderthepressureofwork.
(1)notintheleast一点也不
leastofall(多用于否定句)尤其
at(the)least至少;起码;无论如何
(2)at(the)most至多;最多
atbest充其量;至多
[用least短语完成句子]
(1)Thistelevisionprogramisnot in the least(一点也不)boring.
(2)Last but not least(最后但同样重要的是),thecommunitycultureisveryharmonious.
(3)Nooneseemedtoknowwhatwashappening,least of all(尤其)me!
(4)Canyouat least(至少)tellmewhatyou’rebuilding?
(5)Wemustn’tchangeourprinciplesin the least(丝毫).
ItisOKtoleaveanelectricalapplianceonsolongasyouareusingit—ifnot,turnitoff!
只要你在使用电器设备,你可以让它开着,如果不用就关掉它!
(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it,且从句中含有be动词时,可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
(2)掌握下列短语:
ifany如果有的话;ifso如果是这样的话;ifever如果曾经有的话;ifnot如果不这样的话。
(1)Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutunless fully coveredinthickclothes.
天太冷,你不能去外面,除非你全裹在厚衣服里。
(2)Once disturbedbythenoiseofthebaby,themotherwon’thaveasoundsleepthewholenight.
一旦被婴儿吵醒,这位妈妈整晚就睡不好了。
(3)Washitinwater,pickoutthesmallparticles,if any.
用清水冲洗它,如果有的话,把小颗粒拣出来。
Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体